Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• anchoring layers of self-assembled bisphosphonate neridronate monolayers and polymer films of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and biomimetic poly(dopamine). These were further used to bind a bio-functional alginate coating. The success of the titanium surface activation, anchoring layer formation and alginate

• contribution is to perform and precisely characterize the activation of commercially pure titanium substrates for the realization of reactive titanium surfaces without contaminants. Such activated surfaces can be further functionalized by the covalent immobilization of self-assembled anchoring layers of

• different organic compounds, providing functional groups for further modification. Covalent bonding, which provides a stable fixation of immobilized compounds, is an alternative approach to coatings based on adsorption processes. The most common strategies for the formation of anchoring layers are thiol

Palladium nanoparticles anchored to anatase TiO₂ for enhanced surface plasmon resonance-stimulated, visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Hong Ye Chu,
• Shaliza Ibrahim and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 428–437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.43

• the TiO2 surface and promotes the application of a non-conventional energy resource. In the present study, a smart, easy and sustainable method for anchoring noble metal onto the surface of TiO2 is reported. Palladium was chosen as the noble metal for the study due to its high reactivity and

• anchoring of Pd NPs onto the surface of TiO2, and the large size of the Pd NPs contributed to the visible-light absorption. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and the formation of a Schottky barrier at the TiO2 interface also occured. The prepared heterogeneous photocatalysts exhibited superior

Influence of spurious resonances on the interaction force in dynamic AFM

• Luca Costa and
• Mario S. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 420–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.42

• added to the measured signal. Considering Equation 4 and recomputing both and , the position of the moving mass, given by its deflection plus the motion of the base, is , where Am is the amplitude of the measured signal and Ab the oscillation amplitude of the cantilever anchoring point. To simplify, as

Electrical response of liquid crystal cells doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes

• Amanda García-García,
• Ricardo Vergaz,
• José F. Algorri,
• Xabier Quintana and
• José M. Otón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 396–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.39

• minimize the energy derived from the electric field and the anchoring elastic forces [13]. These LC properties may be used to induce alignment and reorientation on dispersed CNTs. Using this effect, several photonic and electronic devices have been proposed [5] including electrically controlled switches

• isotropic transition [14]. The authors explain these results by assuming a strong anchoring between the LC molecules and the CNTs. This anchoring keeps the former arranged in pseudo-nematic oriented domains around the latter above the isotropic point. Confirmation of this phenomenon and other features of

Mammalian cell growth on gold nanoparticle-decorated substrates is influenced by the nanoparticle coating

• Christina Rosman,
• Sebastien Pierrat,
• Marco Tarantola,
• David Schneider,
• Eva Sunnick,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Carsten Sönnichsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2479–2488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.257

• filamentous residue remains (Figure 1D). However, this residue emerges in control samples without nanoparticle patterning as well (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1) and corresponds to retracting filopodia [25]. Therefore, no specific anchoring of the membrane to the nanoparticles seems to be necessary

• average, negatively charged. Electrostatic interaction with negatively charged COOH–PEG nanorods should therefore be repulsive, comparable to the bare glass substrates. In contrast, amines are known to interact with the negatively charged cell membrane. It is therefore likely that an anchoring of the

Synthesis and characterization of fluorescence-labelled silica core-shell and noble metal-decorated ceria nanoparticles

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• Markus Rennhak and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2413–2423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.251

• error in this estimate is probably due to changes in the molar extinction coefficient upon anchoring at the surface (Figure 3 (left) shows two maxima with different absorbance where free MPD has the same). Since the surface coverage is low, we expected that the labelling would not interfere with

Influence of the supramolecular architecture on the magnetic properties of a Dy^III single-molecule magnet: an ab initio investigation

• Julie Jung,
• Olivier Cador,
• Kevin Bernot,
• Fabrice Pointillart,
• Javier Luzon and
• Boris Le Guennic

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2267–2274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.236

• “averaged” position of the H atom along the N–H…O bond has to be considered. Conclusion The understanding of the subtle mechanisms at the origin of the magnetic properties of molecular materials is a prerequisite before anchoring/grafting these molecular architectures onto surfaces, nanoparticles or

In situ metalation of free base phthalocyanine covalently bonded to silicon surfaces

• Fabio Lupo,
• Cristina Tudisco,
• Federico Bertani,
• Enrico Dalcanale and
• Guglielmo G. Condorelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2222–2229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.231

• 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.5.231 Abstract Free 4-undecenoxyphthalocyanine molecules were covalently bonded to Si(100) and porous silicon through thermic hydrosilylation of the terminal double bonds of the undecenyl chains. The success of the anchoring strategy on both surfaces was

• demonstrated by the combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with control experiments performed adopting the commercially available 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(octyloxy)-29H,31H-phthalocyanine, which is not suited for silicon anchoring. Moreover, the study of the shape of the XPS N 1s band gave

• synthesized to allow for a silicon grafting by functionalization with four undecenyl chains each having a terminal double bond. Phthalocyanine covalent anchoring was performed through thermic hydrosilylation on flat Si(100) and on porous silicon (Si-1-Pc and PSi-1-Pc, respectively). The success of the

Towards bottom-up nanopatterning of Prussian blue analogues

• Virgile Trannoy,
• Marco Faustini,
• David Grosso,
• Sandra Mazerat,
• François Brisset,
• Alexandre Dazzi and
• Anne Bleuzen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1933–1943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.204

• 2 h. Then, an anchoring layer for PBA was grafted onto the gold bottom of the nanoperforations by dipping the substrate in an ethanolic solution of mercaptohexanoic acid (3·10−3 M), 4-mercaptopyridine (3·10−3 M) or 4-aminothiophenol (3·10−3 M) for 12 h. Mercaptohexanoic acid, 4-mercaptopyridine or 4

• adsorption of PBA precursors. The phosphonate function allows for the selective grafting of the phenyl group on TiO2 [20][21]. Then, MHA, 4-MPy or 4-ATP are used as coupling agents for anchoring a first layer of Co2+ ions at the bottom of the nanoperforations. To evaluate the efficiency of the TiO2

• the nanoperforations are hardly visible. Without hydrophobization of TiO2, PBA precursors interact with the accessible oxide surface leading to the formation of PBA particles everywhere. In order to verify the effectiveness of the gold functionalization through the MHA anchoring function at the bottom

The influence of molecular mobility on the properties of networks of gold nanoparticles and organic ligands

• Edwin J. Devid,
• Paulo N. Martinho,
• M. Venkata Kamalakar,
• Úna Prendergast,
• Christian Kübel,
• Tibebe Lemma,
• Jean-François Dayen,
• Tia. E. Keyes,
• Bernard Doudin,
• Mario Ruben and
• Sense Jan van der Molen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1664–1674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.177

• with acetyl-protected thiol anchoring groups facilitates the contact to noble and coinage metal electrodes [18]. In this study, we report on the fabrication of 2D single-layer ligand–gold nanoparticle arrays (and multilayer ligand–gold nanoparticle networks) formed by gold nanoparticles covered by

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

• Anastasios Stergiou,
• Georgia Pagona and
• Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

• electronic properties of graphene are of primary importance. Alternatively, wet exfoliation of graphite followed by functionalization is a more efficient strategy. Although functionalization of exfoliated graphene can be achieved by either covalent anchoring of organic molecules onto the graphene lattice [13

Model systems for studying cell adhesion and biomimetic actin networks

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johannes P. Frohnmayer and
• Joachim P. Spatz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1193–1202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.131

• cluster and recruit the cytoplasmic protein focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which generates stable anchoring cell–matrix junctions, the focal adhesions. These adhesion sites are crucial for the cytoskeleton, environmental sensing and cellular motility [6][21][22]. Besides talin, several other proteins

Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by combining water soluble graphene with cobalt salts

• Jing Wang,
• Ke Feng,
• Hui-Hui Zhang,
• Bin Chen,
• Zhi-Jun Li,
• Qing-Yuan Meng,
• Li-Ping Zhang,
• Chen-Ho Tung and
• Li-Zhu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1167–1174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.128

• form metallic cobalt. The obtained metallic cobalt may function as nucleation center anchoring other cobalt-catalysts. Conclusion In summary, we introduce a new water-soluble graphene-cobalt-based hydrogen evolution system. With TEOA as the electron donor, EY as the photosensitizer, Co(TEOA)22+ formed

Template-directed synthesis and characterization of microstructured ceramic Ce/ZrO₂@SiO₂ composite tubes

• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Meike Naumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1152–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.126

• particles on the PS fiber surface, the as-obtained PS fibers were surface-functionalized in a reactive oxygen plasma atmosphere (rf plasma, 60 W, 20% O2) prior to the addition and anchoring of the silica particles to these surface-functionalized groups. This ensures a dense and covalent linking of the

• almost preferential deposition of the ceria and zirconia sol solutions on the plasma-functionalized silica tubes during the spray-coating process. This is a viable indication for the successful gas phase plasma functionalization of the surface of the SiO2, which facilitates a very effective anchoring of

DFT study of binding and electron transfer from colorless aromatic pollutants to a TiO₂ nanocluster: Application to photocatalytic degradation under visible light irradiation

• Corneliu I. Oprea,
• Petre Panait and
• Mihai A. Gîrţu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1016–1030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.115

• efficient photocatalytic degradation of pollutants under visible light irradiation has to meet similar requirements to the ones of the dyes in Grätzel cells. In particular, the anchoring mode of the pollutant to the TiO2 surface influences the electron transfer [17]. The most commonly used anchoring group

• is the carboxylic acid group (–COOH) [16]. It ensures strong binding of the dye on the surface and promotes the charge transfer. The anchoring of the salicylate group on TiO2 has also been studied [18][19]. At the surface, both substituent groups of a benzene derivative are involved in the

• ]. Theoretically, density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed [21][22][23] that the binding of the carboxy group to titania is bidentate bridging, with the monodentate anchoring being less stable [24][25][26][27]. The higher performance of the dyes with both carboxy and hydroxy anchoring groups [28] has

Injection of ligand-free gold and silver nanoparticles into murine embryos does not impact pre-implantation development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wiebke Garrels,
• Annette Barchanski,
• Svea Peterson,
• Laszlo Sajti,
• Andrea Lucas-Hahn,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Ulrich Baulain,
• Sabine Klein,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 677–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.80

• nanoparticle production – in particular the use of surfactants or stabilizers which may adsorb to the nanoparticle surface – a comparison is difficult and resilient conclusions remain elusive. In this context, it has been recently reported that the ligand type and its anchoring on the nanoparticle surface

Surface assembly and nanofabrication of 1,1,1-tris(mercaptomethyl)heptadecane on Au(111) studied with time-lapse atomic force microscopy

• Tian Tian,
• Burapol Singhana,
• Lauren E. Englade-Franklin,
• Xianglin Zhai,
• T. Randall Lee and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 26–35, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.3

• molecule and the surface [2][23]. Several new classes of multidentate alkanethiols have been synthesized that have two or three legs and a binding moiety at each end of the legs [3][4][5][6][23]. By appropriate design of the anchoring point, multidentate alkanethiols can be engineered to bind to multiple

Kelvin probe force microscopy of nanocrystalline TiO₂ photoelectrodes

• Alex Henning,
• Gino Günzburger,
• Res Jöhr,
• Yossi Rosenwaks,
• Biljana Bozic-Weber,
• Catherine E. Housecroft,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 418–428, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.49

• surface dipole is the result of a combined effect of both anchoring domain and dye molecule. The effective electron affinity, χ*, is affected by the surface dipole formed by adsorbed dye molecules [59]. The detailed anchoring mechanism for the N719 dye on TiO2 is still under debate. It is widely accepted

• standard dye N719. The nc-TiO2 was sensitized with the heteroleptic copper(I) dye shown in Figure 3 by using the procedure previously described, which involves an in situ assembly of the dye starting with the adsorbed anchoring ligand and the hexafluoridophosphate salt of the homoleptic complex [Cu(6-(2

Selective surface modification of lithographic silicon oxide nanostructures by organofunctional silanes

• Thomas Baumgärtel,
• Christian von Borczyskowski and
• Harald Graaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 218–226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.22

• covalent binding to nanolithographic silicon oxide structures. A direct binding of the functional material to the oxide nanostructure is possible if the material possesses an appropriate anchoring group that binds selectively to silicon oxide surfaces. A standard substance for chemical modification of

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

Controlled deposition and combing of DNA across lithographically defined patterns on silicon

• Zeinab Esmail Nazari and
• Leonid Gurevich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 72–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.8

• stretched on a solid surface [4]. The alignment occurs in two major steps: first, a random-coiled dsDNA floating in solution is partially melted at the ends. The ends with the exposed hydrophobic core are then readily adsorbed to the hydrophobic surface, hence anchoring the DNA molecules. Second, the

Strong spin-filtering and spin-valve effects in a molecular V–C₆₀–V contact

• Mohammad Koleini and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 589–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.69

• ]. The C60 molecule is considered as an attractive anchoring group for molecular electronics due to its mechanical robustness [8]. Moreover, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of C60 is close to the Fermi level of ferromagnetic elements which makes spin injection relatively easy [9], and

A facile approach to nanoarchitectured three-dimensional graphene-based Li–Mn–O composite as high-power cathodes for Li-ion batteries

• Wenyu Zhang,
• Yi Zeng,
• Chen Xu,
• Ni Xiao,
• Yiben Gao,
• Lain-Jong Li,
• Xiaodong Chen,
• Huey Hoon Hng and
• Qingyu Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 513–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.59

• adsorption layer of anchoring Mn2+ cations and thereby enhance the cyclability of the electrodes. Conclusion In conclusion, a novel and facile approach was developed to synthesize a nanoarchitectured LMO/G hybrid as a positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. The process combines the deposition

Distribution of functional groups in periodic mesoporous organosilica materials studied by small-angle neutron scattering with in situ adsorption of nitrogen

• Monir Sharifi,
• Dirk Wallacher and
• Michael Wark

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 428–437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.49

• adsorption (p/p0 > 0.9) for all the samples does not result from structural mesoporosity, but is caused by a condensation of nitrogen in the interstitial space between particles (void spaces) and cracks inside the particles. Due to the partial filling of the structural mesochannels by anchoring propyl-SO3H

• specific surface area of 487.96 m2·g−1 and a pore volume of 0.452 cm3·g−1. Due to the partial pore filling by anchoring of the functional groups, the high uniformity of the benzene-PMO pores is lost; in particular, from the sulfonation at the benzene rings an irregular distribution of pore sizes exhibiting

• proves undoubtedly the crystal-like structure of the pore walls of porous PMO materials, and underlines the results found by WAXS measurements [5][7][18]. Figure 4 shows neutron scattering curves of functionalized mesoporous benzene-PMO-(0.81 mmol SO3H·g−1) synthesized by anchoring SO3H groups via propyl

Dipole-driven self-organization of zwitterionic molecules on alkali halide surfaces

• Laurent Nony,
• Franck Bocquet,
• Franck Para,
• Frédéric Chérioux,
• Eric Duverger,
• Frank Palmino,
• Vincent Luzet and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 285–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.32

• potential of the substrate, i.e., a sinusoidal potential, and we position the molecules according to the two coincidences (Figure 5a and Figure 5d). Along the short molecular axes, each molecular protrusion corresponds to an anchoring site (i.e., the dipolar end with the pyridine ring and its positive

• charge N+ adsorbed on an anion Cl−). The case for the long molecular axes, in which only every second molecular protrusion corresponds to an anchoring point, will be discussed below. Second, we calculate the lateral force that would act on a molecule within that potential (i.e., the derivative −∂Eads/∂x

• dislocations, such that only small areas with a more or less uniform height can be observed (not shown). Along the long molecular axes (i.e., the direction), only every second molecular protrusion could act as an anchoring point. As depicted in Figure 5c for KBr, this does not change the shape, with a single