Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• applications of great interest. Experimental Chemicals Cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2·6H2O), aluminium chloride hexahydrate (AlCl3·6H2O), urea, and ethanol (EtOH) were purchased from Honeywell. All chemicals were used as received. Milli‐Q water was obtained from a Millipore Milli‐Q equipment. Synthesis

• corresponding structure. Microscopy Sample preparation The dried solids were suspended in ethanol and drop cast onto Au TEM grids covered with a lacy carbon film, and the solvent was left to evaporate. SEM samples were prepared from the same solution after 5 min of ultrasonication. The sonicated suspension was

• spin-coated on a Si wafer (3000 rpm, 40 s), washed with ethanol and dried afterward. For AFM, the samples were diluted in ethanol and drop-cast on a Si/SiO2 wafer. Si/SiO2 wafers were washed by spin-coating ten droplets of acetone and ten droplets of isopropanol prior to sample deposition. Scanning

Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• . Subsequently, multiple electron transfers occur, leading to the generation of diverse products such as ethanol, methanol, and methane [5][6][7]. Therefore, to reduce the activation energy and to improve selectivity, the meticulous consideration of catalysts becomes imperative [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16

• Cu-MOFs for CO2 reduction [47]. The study revealed that HKUST-1 showed the highest performance with a FE of 15.9% at a current density of 10 mA·cm−2 for methanol and ethanol formation. In particular, FE(methanol) is 5.6% and FE(ethanol) is 10.3%. This result can be explained by two reasons. On the

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• -cost topical treatment. Experimental SPIONs The SPIONs used in the present study were synthesized as described in [9] (patent application registration BR 10 2020 015814 [36]). For assays, after synthesis and purification, the SPIONs were dispersed in a 70% ethanol solution (Merck, Germany). The maximum

• ethanol concentration in cultures did not exceed 0.5%, which did not interfere with cell growth. The nanoparticles used in the biological tests were stored at −20 °C. Ethics committee for the use of laboratory animals The assays that used mammalian macrophages and parasites from animal models were

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• in this work. The wafer was divided into 1 × 1 cm2 pieces, which were then cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaner in acetone (20 min), ethanol (15 min), and deionized water (10 min). The wafer pieces were oxidized in hot Piranha solution (45 mL of H2SO4/15 mL of H2O2) for 5 min. To perform metal-assisted

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• Chemicals The chemicals, including germanium oxide (GeO2) (99.99%) from Sigma-Aldrich and hydrochloric acid (HCl) (35–37%), magnesium powder (Mg) (99.95%), ethanol (C2H5OH) (99.5%), and potassium hydroxide (KOH) (85%) from Xilong, China, were used without further purification. Banana peels were collected

• out according to our previous work [33]. Ge and BC-800 at a mass ratio of 2:5 (approximate to that estimated from the Ge/C-750 precursor) were added to a mixture of ethanol and DI water at a ratio of 1:1 (v/v). The dispersion was well stirred in a Teflon beaker, transferred into an autoclave, and held

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• reach a higher doping level around 2.5 × 1019 cm−3. Before starting the KPFM analysis, the sample was cleaved, and a surface cleaning was carried out to expose a clean cross section. We performed a chemical treatment based on sequential ultrasonic baths of acetone, ethanol, and deionized water. The

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• Fisher chemicals. Malathion (C10H19O6PS2) was obtained from Insecticides India Limited. Disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4·H2O), monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ethanol (C2H5OH), and isopropyl alcohol (C3H8O) were procured from Rankem chemicals. Nafion (C9HF17O5S) and activated charcoal

• sonicated in ethanol and rinsed with DI water to remove surface impurities. The GQDs-based ink was prepared in a glass vial with four components, that is 15 mg activated charcoal as a conductivity enhancer, 15 mg GQDs as modifying agent, 25 µL Nafion as binder, and 1 mL isopropyl alcohol as solvent. All

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• at 120 °C for 12 h. The white precipitate was centrifuged (4000 rpm, 10 min) and washed with deionized water/ethanol three times. Finally, the precipitate was collected and dried at 70 °C for 6 h. The collected precipitate was divided into two parts. One was finely powdered and used as the sample for

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• nanoparticles with dimensions of 40–80 nm, whose number increases with increasing the working pressure. The photocatalytic properties have been investigated regarding the photodegradation of ethanol vapors in Ar with 0.3% O2 using P25 powder as reference under simulated solar light. During the irradiation H2

• gas production has been detected for the samples from series “b”, whereas the CO2 evolution was observed for all samples from series “a”. Keywords: ethanol; H2 production; laser pyrolysis; photocatalyst; TiO2 nanoparticles; Introduction Semiconductor materials are widely used, from electronic

• found that TiO2 shows a high photocatalytic efficiency in the decomposition of pollutant substances such as dye wastewater [8][9][10][11], soiling [12], and harmful organic materials [13][14][15]. Also, TiO2 powders show promising results for the decomposition of ethanol in various environments [16][17

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

• Magdalena A. Zając,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Łukasz Gutowski,
• Jan L. Weyher and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

• solution of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (pMBA, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) in ethanol, then thoroughly washed with ethanol and dried in the air. The detailed procedure of applying the analyte on the SERS substrate was described elsewhere [37]. The enhancement factors (EFs) for all GaN/Ag substrates were

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• thermogravimetric analyzer. The system was monitored until the complete evaporation of the liquid, resulting in the curves shown in Figure 5a. The thermal behavior of acetone, chloroform, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol exhibits significant similarities with the electrical curves presented in Figure 3a, especially

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• bioactivity. Thus, the encapsulation efficiency is improved compared to the approach using a direct contact of cells in a silica matrix. Encapsulated yeast produced ethanol over a period of several days, pointing out the useful biocatalytic potential of the approach and suggesting further optimization of the

• has been studied, the poor performance in terms of desired features for a biophotocatalytic application (poor transparency and reduced long-term biological or physical stability) has led us to discard them from a more intensive study. Ethanol production of encapsulated yeast The biological production

• of ethanol from the biohybrid yeast–silica-based materials has been qualitatively studied to assess the biocatalytic potential of the system. One of the key aims of our research is to study whether an encapsulation system can be used to easily recover secreted metabolites of interest from outside the

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• buffer, dehydrated in ascending ethanol concentrations, and finally embedded in an Epon-Araldite resin mixture (Sigma-Aldrich). Afterwards, ultrathin sections were cut using a Leica EM UC6 ultramicrotome (Leica Microsystem GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), collected on formvar-coated copper grids, and examined

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• [51]. Several PLGA-based products have been released to the pharmaceutical market (e.g., Lupron Depot®) [1][25][29][52]. Fornaguera et al. [53] produced nanoemulsions from a mixture of poly(oxyethylene)(20) sorbitan monooleate (Polysorbate 80) as surfactant, a 4 wt % solution of PLGA in ethanol/ethyl

• wt % PLGA in ethyl acetate/ethanol) (O) system were functionalized with a cell-penetrating peptide (Tat) using carbodiimide chemistry [57]. The hydrodynamic diameter ranged from 48 to 65 nm depending on the Tat fraction. The functionalized nanoparticles showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity on Hela and

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• of ethanol. Although SiBP contains an N-terminal serine and two arginine residues, it does not contain histidine, aspartic acid, or another residue that can act as a H bond acceptor for serine. However, serine residues can form hydrogen bonds among themselves. Therefore, one can speculate that a

• properties of the SiBP are shown in Table 1. Synthesis of SiO2 particles The particles were synthesized based on the method described by Stöber and co-workers [42]. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) (Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA) was used as the precursor, a 1:1 mixture of ethanol/deionized water was used as

• the solvent, and NH3 (Thermo Fischer Scientific Inc, Waltham, MA, USA) was used as the catalyst. Briefly, the Stöber process involves hydrolysis of an alkoxysilane precursor, such as TEOS, in alcohol (typically methanol or ethanol) in the presence of a catalyst. This is followed by ethanol or water

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• CQDs/PU samples were dipped in a solution of TEMP in ethanol at a concentration of 30 mM and irradiated with a 3 W blue LED for 12 h. Time-resolved near-infrared luminescence of O2 (1Δg) at 1270 nm after excitation by Quantel Q-smart 450 Nd YAG laser (wavelength of 355 nm, pulse length of ca. 5 ns) was

• exponential function excluding the initial part influenced by light scattering, fluorescence, and the formation of singlet oxygen from excited states of CQDs. Singlet oxygen generation was investigated by UV–vis probe measurements of solutions of 1,3- diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) ethanol (20 µM) as well [52

• were washed with ethanol and sterilized by UV irradiation for 30 min. The samples were divided into two groups, that is, one group used as control to check bacterial viability and another group exposed to blue light for different periods of time. 0.2 mL of a bacterial suspension of 6 × 105 cells/mL was

Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles

• Bin Liu,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6

• -controlled patch-to-particle size ratio (PPSR) into dimers, trimers, tetramers, and spherical micelles at a low incubation time in mixtures of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and ethanol [32]. Here, we extend the study to 1-PSN with smaller PPSR values and to the use of another poor solvent for the PS patch (i.e

• previous work on the assembly of 1-PSN with larger PPSR ranging from 0.69 to 1.54 in a THF/ethanol mixture has shown that colloids with a low aggregation number (e.g., dimers, trimers, tetramers, and spherical micelles) could be obtained at a low incubation time. Also, the higher the PPSR value, the more

• these micelles evolve into larger objects over long incubation periods. They elongated in the form of chains for PPSR = 0.87 or extended into bilayers for PPSR = 1.18 or 1.54 [32]. Here, we first tried to assemble 1-PSN with PPSR ranging from 0.23 to 0.57 in THF/ethanol mixtures. Figure 4a shows that

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hong-Sheng Chan,
• Chia-Li Liao,
• Che-Wei Chang and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

• Grove, PA, USA). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 10× phosphate buffered saline (PBS, contains 1.37 M NaCl, 0.027 M KCl, 0.10 M Na2HPO4, and 0.018 M KH2PO4) were purchased from Bioman Scientific Co., Ltd. (Taipei, Taiwan). Ethanol (99.5 wt %), acetone (99.5 wt %), and isopropanol (99.9 wt %) were

• -covered Au substrate, the Au surface was immersed in a 2 μM ethanolic TEG thiol solution or 1 mM ethanolic MCU solution for overnight. After SAM formation, the substrates were washed with ethanol to remove excess thiol molecules and blown dry with nitrogen gas. To make PDMS stamps for CLL operation, a 10

• molecules into the post-chemical lift-off regions. After 1 h of incubation, the substrate was washed with ethanol, treated with BSA (10 mg/mL in PBS buffer) for 5 min, transferred into a streptavidin solution (50 μg/mL in PBS buffer) for 20 min, followed by FITC-labeled anti-streptavidin antibody solution

Utilizing the surface potential of a solid electrolyte region as the potential reference in Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Nobuyuki Ishida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1558–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.129

• approximately 10 mm × 20 mm, and ultrasonically cleaned in ethanol. Subsequently, a 30 nm thick Au electrode was deposited by resistance-heating evaporation using a crucible in a vacuum chamber. A polyurethane-coated Cu wire (25 μm diameter) was used as a mask to pattern the electrode shapes, as shown in Figure

Induced electric conductivity in organic polymers

• Konstantin Y. Arutyunov,
• Anatoli S. Gurski,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Azat R. Yusupov,
• Danfis D. Karamov and
• Alexei N. Lachinov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1551–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.128

• without exposure to room atmosphere between cycles of formation of different layers. Glass or oxidized silicon were used as substrates. The substrates were preliminarily cleaned in ethanol and distilled water in an ultrasonic bath. The surfaces were hydrophilized by treating the substrates with

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO₂ nanotubes modified with MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄

• Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
• Thi Minh Cao,
• Tho Truong Nguyen,
• Hien Duy Tong and
• Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

• explain clearly the difference between these composite materials Experimental Materials and chemicals Chemicals and materials for the synthesis and characterization include Ti foil (1 cm × 2 cm), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), DI water, acetone ((CH3)2CO), ethanol (C2H5OH), ammonium

• synthesized as described earlier [39][40][41]. To combine with TNAs, 5 mg of MoS2 or g-C3N4 powder was dispersed in 2 mL of a solution containing 50 vol % ethanol and 50 vol % nafion solution as described in [40]. The solution was stirred for 30 min before ultrasonic treatment for 3 h to obtain a homogeneous

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• , filtered, and washed. Subsequently, the precipitate was dried in an oven at 80 °C for 24 h and then ground and calcined at 900 °C for 2 h. The nanoscale crystallite size of the obtained HAP was about 62 nm. The HAG powder was obtained using Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and P2O5 (Merck) as precursors and ethanol as

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• appears to be the primary problem and requires the addition of a co-solvent and/or a surfactant (ethanol/polysorbate 80) to the formulations [32][36]. However, results such as acute hypersensitivity reactions and decreased clinical efficacy have been reported due to auxiliary components such as Cremophor

• centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 15 min. The drug-containing supernatant was separated and stored. To prevent methodological drug loss, 1 mL of ethanol was added to the precipitate and the same procedure was repeated. Then, the first and second supernatants were mixed. The supernatant was analyzed and the amount

Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures

• Alexandru-Milentie Hada,
• Nina Burduja,
• Marco Abbate,
• Claudio Stagno,
• Guy Caljon,
• Louis Maes,
• Nicola Micale,
• Massimiliano Cordaro,
• Angela Scala,
• Antonino Mazzaglia and
• Anna Piperno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112

• ) in ultrapure aqueous solution, Pent solution in ethanol (green line, 52.5 µg/mL) d = 0.2 cm. (C) Size distribution (or DH) of nanoGS (red line) and nanoGSP (purple line) in a molar ratio of CD/Pent 1:1 in ultrapure water at 25 °C. Informative changes evidenced in the range of 3.2–4.2 ppm and 60.04