Nanoscale effects in the characterization of viscoelastic materials with atomic force microscopy: coupling of a quasi-three-dimensional standard linear solid model with in-plane surface interactions

• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 554–571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.49

• plates that are displaced with respect to one another while the stress in the material is measured [17][18]. Drawing a connection from continuum mechanics to AFM measurements (where the probe geometry is relatively simple, often assumed spherical) may appear to be straightforward at first glance, but a

Free vibration of functionally graded carbon-nanotube-reinforced composite plates with cutout

• Mostafa Mirzaei and
• Yaser Kiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 511–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.45

• provided by Liew et al. [2] It has been shown that the bending moment may be significantly alleviated through a functionally graded distribution of CNTs in a polymeric matrix [3]. In the five years following the discovery of this interesting feature, various investigations were reported on the mechanics of

• superscript m. Following the classical solid mechanics notation, E and G are the elastic modulus and shear modulus of the constituents, respectively. In comparison to the conventional rule of mixtures approach, three unknown constants, η1, η2 and η3, are introduced in Equation 1; these are known as efficiency

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

• surface, probably due to heavy steric interactions as suggested by molecular mechanics modelling. Afterwards, Lee et al. introduced and synthetized a series of new tridentate chelating adsorbates 2 (Figure 2) having different alkyl chain lengths ranging from C12 to C18 and used them to prepare loosely

Molecular machines operating on the nanoscale: from classical to quantum

• Igor Goychuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 328–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.31

• forever even at thermal equilibrium. The energy necessary for this is supplied by thermal fluctuations. Therefore, friction and thermal noise are intimately related, which is the physical context of the fluctuation–dissipation theorem [10]. Statistical mechanics allows the development of a coherent

• ., heat absorbed from the thermal bath). Here, both processes are balanced at thermal equilibrium, and the averaged kinetic energy of the Brownian particle is kBT/2. This is in accordance with the equipartition theorem in classical equilibrium statistical mechanics. This is a very important point. At

Single-molecule mechanics of protein-labelled DNA handles

• Vivek S. Jadhav,
• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Florian Wruck and
• Martin Hegner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 138–148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.16

• HEPES, pH 7.5) and in DTT buffer (40 mM HEPES-KOH, pH 7.5, 60 mM NH4Cl, 10 mM magnesium acetate, 1 mM DTT and 3.6 mM 2-mercaptoethanol) (adapted from [12]). Optical force measurements Measurements of the DNA mechanics were performed with a previously described counter-propagating dual-beam OT setup [13

• interactions impeded the study of single molecule mechanics. Ideal experimental conditions with protein–DNA handles allowing for single hook-up experiments were then found with 40:1 handle-to-bead coupling ratio (bead diameter 2.9 µm). For smaller beads (0.84 µm diam.) the optimal ratio of PDHs coupling to

Nanostructured surfaces by supramolecular self-assembly of linear oligosilsesquioxanes with biocompatible side groups

• Maria Nowacka,
• Anna Kowalewska and
• Tomasz Makowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2377–2387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.244

• was estimated to be about 1.6 nm, as calculated for the structure of a LPSQ-COOH oligomer constructed on HyperChem platform and modelled in vacuum using a molecular mechanics force field MM+ method (Polak–Ribiere/conjugate gradient optimization algorithm) and a semi-empirical PM3 method (single point

Controlled switching of single-molecule junctions by mechanical motion of a phenyl ring

• Yuya Kitaguchi,
• Satoru Habuka,
• Hiroshi Okuyama,
• Shinichiro Hatta,
• Tetsuya Aruga,
• Thomas Frederiksen,
• Magnus Paulsson and
• Hiromu Ueba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2088–2095, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.213

• . The switch can be actuated by dual triggers, either by a voltage pulse or by displacement of the electrode, and electronic manipulation of the ring by chemical substitution enables rational control of the on-state conductance. Owing to its simple mechanics, structural robustness, and chemical

• conductance ratio between PhO and PhS was also reproduced and ascribed to different hybridization strengths with the substrate states. In summary, we propose that phenyl rings are promising as versatile units for molecular electronic devices, whose mechanics can be controlled by different triggers such as

Development of a novel nanoindentation technique by utilizing a dual-probe AFM system

• Eyup Cinar,
• Ferat Sahin and
• Dalia Yablon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2015–2027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.205

• application of nanoindentation is to determine the mechanical properties of cells which may be of critical importance for progressive diseases such as cancer or vascular diseases [1]. A recently published work by Guz et al. also investigates nanoindentation experiments on cell mechanics and proposes new

Magnetic reversal dynamics of a quantum system on a picosecond timescale

• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Alexey V. Kuznetsov,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy and
• Olga V. Tikhonova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1946–1956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.199

• to a probe on the border between classical and quantum mechanics [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The possible gate and measurement rates estimated in relation to the decoherence processes for these qubits are within the reach of the threshold for fault-tolerant quantum computing

Correction: Formation of pure Cu nanocrystals upon post-growth annealing of Cu–C material obtained from focused electron beam induced deposition: comparison of different methods

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Alfredo Rodrigues Vaz,
• Yucheng Zhang,
• Andrzej Rudkowski,
• Czesław Kapusta,
• Rolf Erni,
• Stanislav Moshkalev and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1935–1936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.196

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek Alfredo Rodrigues Vaz Yucheng Zhang Andrzej Rudkowski Czeslaw Kapusta Rolf Erni Stanislav Moshkalev Ivo Utke Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, 3602 Thun

Surface engineering of nanoporous substrate for solid oxide fuel cells with atomic layer-deposited electrolyte

• Sanghoon Ji,
• Waqas Hassan Tanveer,
• Wonjong Yu,
• Sungmin Kang,
• Gu Young Cho,
• Sung Han Kim,
• Jihwan An and
• Suk Won Cha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1805–1810, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.184

• University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro, Yuseong- gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea Corporate R&D Institute, Samsung Electro Mechanics, Maeyoung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-743, South Korea

A simple method for the determination of qPlus sensor spring constants

• John Melcher,
• Julian Stirling and
• Gordon A. Shaw

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1733–1742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.177

• of the spring constant of the sensor and complications from finite tip heights. Here we combine a numerical investigation of the force reconstruction with an experimental characterization of the flexural mechanics of the qPlus sensor. Numerical studies reveal significant errors in reconstructed force

• accurately characterize the flexural mechanics of the qPlus sensor. The experimental results provide validation of a theoretical model that can be used to predict the spring constant of the qPlus sensor. Results In this section we develop a model for the qPlus sensor with a finite tip that is subjected to a

• limit the tip height to approximately less than 400 μm. Mechanical characterization of qPlus sensors with nanoindentation In this section we characterize the flexural mechanics of qPlus sensors using a nanoindentation method. The nanoindenter, which is calibrated with traceability to the International

The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information

• Nina Jeliazkova,
• Charalampos Chomenidis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Bengt Fadeel,
• Roland Grafström,
• Barry Hardy,
• Janna Hastings,
• Markus Hegi,
• Vedrin Jeliazkov,
• Nikolay Kochev,
• Pekka Kohonen,
• Cristian R. Munteanu,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Bart Smeets,
• Pantelis Sopasakis,
• Georgia Tsiliki,
• David Vorgrimmler and
• Egon Willighagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1609–1634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165

Continuum models of focused electron beam induced processing

• Milos Toth,
• Charlene Lobo,
• Vinzenz Friedli,
• Aleksandra Szkudlarek and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1518–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.157

• Milos Toth Charlene Lobo Vinzenz Friedli Aleksandra Szkudlarek Ivo Utke School of Physics and Advanced Materials, University of Technology, Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics

Formation of pure Cu nanocrystals upon post-growth annealing of Cu–C material obtained from focused electron beam induced deposition: comparison of different methods

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Alfredo Rodrigues Vaz,
• Yucheng Zhang,
• Andrzej Rudkowski,
• Czesław Kapusta,
• Rolf Erni,
• Stanislav Moshkalev and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1508–1517, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.156

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek Alfredo Rodrigues Vaz Yucheng Zhang Andrzej Rudkowski Czeslaw Kapusta Rolf Erni Stanislav Moshkalev Ivo Utke Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, 3602 Thun

Atomic force microscopy as analytical tool to study physico-mechanical properties of intestinal cells

• Christa Schimpel,
• Oliver Werzer,
• Eleonore Fröhlich,
• Gerd Leitinger,
• Markus Absenger-Novak,
• Birgit Teubl,
• Andreas Zimmer and
• Eva Roblegg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1457–1466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.151

• of the outerleaflets of the membranes of adjacent cells. They are responsible to maintain the integrity of the cell layer, which is likely to be associated with the cell mechanics such as high cell stiffness and reduced cell elasticity at the cell periphery. In contrast, once enterocytes are

• reflected in the cell mechanics, such as a higher elasticity values compared to Caco-2 cells. Moreover, it is reported that the density of epithelial cell monolayers impacts cell mechanics (as well as the dynamics) due to variations of compressive forces [49][50]. To deeper understand the obtained elastic

• fill remaining data gaps on the effects of these parameters on cell mechanics/kinetics and, as a consequence, on cellular uptake processes (e.g., nanoparticulate systems/antigens). Conclusion The current study shows that cytoskeletal structures and the content of F-actin filaments strongly impact

Multiscale modeling of lithium ion batteries: thermal aspects

• Arnulf Latz and
• Jochen Zausch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 987–1007, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.102

• dependency on composition or atomistic structure is the starting point for a rational design of energy storage materials [3]. Density functional theory with all its approximations [4][5] if combined with statistical mechanics methods is in this context the most successful method to simulate material

• mechanics in order to obtain the Gibbs free energy of bulk and interfaces at finite temperatures. Especially for the calculation of differences of Gibbs free energies, which are relevant for the determination of stable equilibrium configurations, the accuracy is higher than might be expected from the

• ]. Especially the formalism of ab initio atomistic thermodynamics, which combines DFT simulations with strategies from statistical mechanics [3][6][7], allows one in principle to determine Gibbs free energies, reaction rates and relevant transport coefficients for materials used in electrochemical applications

Structure and mechanism of the formation of core–shell nanoparticles obtained through a one-step gas-phase synthesis by electron beam evaporation

• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Sergey P. Bardakhanov,
• Makoto Schreiber,
• Dashima G. Bazarova,
• Nikolai A. Romanov,
• Boris B. Baldanov,
• Bair R. Radnaev and
• Viacheslav V. Syzrantsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 874–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.89

• Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sakhyanova str. 6, Ulan-Ude, 670047, Russia Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str. 4/1, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State

Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity

• Lennart Treuel,
• Dominic Docter,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88

• is of paramount importance, yet, the long and continuing struggle of statistical mechanics in fully explaining the ensemble observations of thermodynamics serves as an impressive reminder of the complexity that can arise from attempting such seemingly trivial links. The fact that the serum corona

Stiffness of sphere–plate contacts at MHz frequencies: dependence on normal load, oscillation amplitude, and ambient medium

• Jana Vlachová,
• Rebekka König and
• Diethelm Johannsmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 845–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.87

• can be explained by nanoroughness. In other words, contact splitting (i.e., a transport of shear stress across many small contacts, rather than a few large ones) can be exploited to reduce partial slip. Keywords: contact mechanics; contact splitting; contact stiffness; partial slip; quartz crystal

• materials involved, but also to interfacial processes (as long as these obey linear mechanics). Equation 1 can be inverted as As shown in Equation 2, the complex frequency shift is easily converted to a complex contact stiffness. Up to now, linear force–displacement relations were assumed. If linearity does

• water, respectively. The fact that Δf0 increases with normal load is easy to understand. With increasing load, the contact radius increases and the contact stiffness increases correspondingly. The dotted lines show an attempt to bring this understanding in line with the known models of contact mechanics

Capillary and van der Waals interactions on CaF₂ crystals from amplitude modulation AFM force reconstruction profiles under ambient conditions

• Annalisa Calò,
• Oriol Vidal Robles,
• Sergio Santos and
• Albert Verdaguer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 809–819, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.84

• (DMT) model of contact mechanics [54] has been employed to account for short range repulsion: where E* is the effective Young’s modulus that includes the elastic modulus of the tip and of the sample [14]. This profile is shown in Figure 4b. 2) The second profile corresponds to a linear decay in the

Mapping of elasticity and damping in an α + β titanium alloy through atomic force acoustic microscopy

• M. Kalyan Phani,
• Anish Kumar,
• T. Jayakumar,
• Walter Arnold and
• Konrad Samwer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 767–776, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.79

• moment of inertia. By using an appropriate contact mechanics model, one can convert the obtained stiffness values to the reduced elastic modulus E* and then to the indentation modulus M. The contact mechanics for AFM tips is very difficult to model as the exact shape of the tip in contact with the sample

• is usually unknown. The Hertz model is a simplified and the most widely used contact mechanics model for AFM contacts. It assumes each contact to be an elastic half space with relatively small strains at the frictionless contact with elliptical shape [26]. The tip radius and the applied load are

Statistics of work and orthogonality catastrophe in discrete level systems: an application to fullerene molecules and ultra-cold trapped Fermi gases

• Antonello Sindona,
• Michele Pisarra,
• Mario Gravina,
• Cristian Vacacela Gomez,
• Pierfrancesco Riccardi,
• Giovanni Falcone and
• Francesco Plastina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.78

• absorption and emission spectra from noninteracting quantum dots have been interpreted in terms of the quantum work distribution, and linked to the corresponding fluctuation relations in statistical mechanics [36]. To explore more of such a connection, we present here a comparison of the statistics of the

Production, detection, storage and release of spin currents

• Michele Cini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 736–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.75

• and transport properties of materials [2]. On the other hand, other promising themes of research on spin currents remain largely to be explored. One is the spin version of quantum pumping – something that is not possible classically. A seminal paper by Thouless [3] pointed out that quantum mechanics

• just charge. In principle, quantum mechanics allows us to build a device to achieve that in more than one way. One can also build a ring device that can produce a pure spin current, that is, a magnetic current without any charge current associated to it [12]. In the present paper, I concentrate on the

• substituting the quantum current in the classical formula [25]. The basic reason is that any measurement of the magnetic moment of the ring requires the measurement of a force exerted on the ring by a probe flux, which according to quantum mechanics has an influence on the current. Actually, rephrasing the

A versatile strategy towards non-covalent functionalization of graphene by surface-confined supramolecular self-assembly of Janus tectons

• Ping Du,
• David Bléger,
• Fabrice Charra,
• Vincent Bouchiat,
• David Kreher,
• Fabrice Mathevet and
• André-Jean Attias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 632–639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.64

• molecular mechanics calculations [25]. Both the experimental and theoretical lattice values of JA evidenced that the presence of relatively large entities on the upper level which did not perturb the self-assembly. In addition, they further confirmed that the self-assembly is stabilized by adsorption of