The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• stiffness of the cuticle of these organs and the internal pressure are important for the functionality and likely susceptible to decay during ageing [42][43]. We investigated the change in attachment ability and tarsal morphology in the species Sungaya aeta Hennemann, 2023 (Heteropterygidae). Members of

• might be results of such ageing processes. Tracheal degeneration could lead to leg tissue dying because of a lack of oxygen and, therefore, might also influence the adhesive pads and their performance. The suspected vascular insufficiency ties into the hemolymph pressure. In the insect circulatory

• system, the low pressure is kept up by the heart and muscular activity [5][79]. The legs function as a terminal end in the circulatory system and often have accessory hearts to enable hemolymph flow [79]. If age has an effect on a stick insect’s cardiac system, any impairment could additionally decrease

Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures

• Qinsong Zhu,
• Chen Zhang,
• Fuhang Yu and
• Yan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70

• tunnel experiment platform used to measure the drag reduction of the microtextured blades is described. Impeller The research object of this paper is the impeller of an axial flow compressor, which consists of a hub and blades [26]. In order to generate high pressure, axial flow compressors typically

• conditions (temperature and pressure) at inlet and outlet. The impeller considered in this paper has 45 blades and is designed to operate at a rotational speed of 2880 rpm. The operating environment for the impeller is at standard temperature (25 °C) and pressure (101325 Pa). Modeling of microtextures on

• treatment, which has better prediction results for rotation, boundary layer separation with large back pressure gradient, and backflow phenomena, was used for turbulence modeling in Ansys® CFX, Release 2020 R2 [28]. The boundary conditions were set according to the working conditions of the impeller, that

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• . Experimental Both MoS2 and WS2 samples were synthesized using a one-step CVD process under atmospheric pressure. The CVD system consists of a quartz tube connected to an argon source. The furnace was gradually heated to specific processing temperatures of MoS2 and WS2, which were subsequently deposited onto

Synthesis of silver–palladium Janus nanoparticles using co-sputtering of independent sources: experimental and theorical study

• Maria J. Martínez-Carreón,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Abel Fundora,
• Claudio D. Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Hector N. Fernández-Escamilla,
• Jonathan Guerrero-Sánchez,
• Manuel F. Meléndrez and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 808–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.67

• copper grids in an argon flow at 52 sscm for 5 min at room temperature. The size of the BNPs can be modified by varying three parameters, namely, aggregation area, magnetron power, and partial pressure. The chosen parameters for both magnetrons are presented in Table 1. HRTEM micrographs were obtained

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• . The energy of electrons can be varied between 0 and 70 eV. The base pressure in the chamber is 1 × 10 −8 mbar, and during the measurements the background sample pressure reaches around 4 × 10−7 mbar. Product ions were extracted from the interaction region into a reflectron time-of-flight mass

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• changed from room temperature to 180 °C, and the pressure was gradually reduced to 3 mbar. The synthesis lasted 8 h. The DMF was added to the synthesized polymer, stirred at 80 rpm, and left to dissolve for 60 min. The solution was dripped into distilled water, precipitating the PSI as a pellet. The

Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• stirred for an additional 10 min. Subsequently, the mixture was transferred to a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave, which was sealed under pressure using a manual press. The autoclave was then placed in a convection oven and maintained at 100°C for 2 h. After the specified time had elapsed, the

Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate

• Alexander V. Rumyantsev,
• Nikolai I. Borgardt,
• Roman L. Volkov and
• Yuri A. Chaplygin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 733–742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.61

• beam workstation Helios Nanolab 650. Both types of test structures were fabricated using 30 kV accelerating voltage and an ion beam current of I = 900 pA. The chamber pressure was not higher then 10−6 mbar. A layer of platinum and amorphous carbon (Pt + a-C) was deposited onto the manufactured

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• pressure chemical vapour transport in a horizontal quartz tube reactor (18 mm inner diameter) according to the method reported in [2]. The process involved loading a ceramic boat with 0.15 g of Ga2O3 powder (99.99%, Alfa Aesar) at the centre of the quartz tube. Oxidised silicon wafers SiO2/Si (100) coated

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• , ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, diethyl ether, and isobutanol with nanosecond laser pulses while quantifying the formed hydrogen pressure with amperometric sensors. The organic alcohols, while having a lower number of hydrogen atoms per molecule, showed a ten times higher hydrogen evolution rate than water

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• tracheal structures (tr) and nerve bundles (nb). Notably, each of these areas possesses an individual hemolymph channel for circulatory and possible structural purposes through hydrostatic pressure (Figure 4). The septa are dyed blue by toluidine blue and show a parallel cuticle layering in SEM (Figure 4B

• tensile stress [74][75]. The more spaced fibres of the arolium consequently would bend more efficiently under pressure and easily adapt to surface irregularities increasing adhesion [44]. The euplantulae feature relatively thinner and with more densely distributed fibres enhances protection against

• viscoelasticity of the pad, as well as its shape due to the internal pad pressure caused by the fluid. Spherical structures between the fibres, identified via SEM, could be indications for liquid residues (Figure 7C) (similar residues have been also identified by Gorb et al. in the euplantulae of T. viridissima

AFM-IR investigation of thin PECVD SiO_x films on a polypropylene substrate in the surface-sensitive mode

• Hendrik Müller,
• Hartmut Stadler,
• Teresa de los Arcos,
• Adrian Keller and
• Guido Grundmeier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 603–611, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.51

• ]. Experimental Materials and chemicals The substrates used were polypropylene foils (LyondellBasell, Moplen Hp640J) onto which a thin layer of SiOx was deposited by PECVD. Therefore, the samples were placed onto the grounded electrode. The basis pressure was below 5 × 10−5 mbar and the working pressure ranged

• , the partial pressure of argon was set to 0.1 mbar and the partial pressure of oxygen was set to 0.3 mbar. The monomer partial pressure was set to 0.05 mbar. The high partial pressure of oxygen in a ratio of 3:1 promotes the formation of SiOx structures. The film thickness was measured with a quartz

• with a 5 nm SiOx coating was used and, additionally to the AFM-IR spectra, a hyperspectral image was collected in contact mode. In addition to photothermal AFM-IR measurements in contact mode and surface-sensitive mode, the surface was analyzed with near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron

Directed growth of quinacridone chains on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface

• Niklas Humberg,
• Lukas Grönwoldt and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 556–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.48

• with a base pressure of 2 × 10−10 mbar equipped with a beetle-type scanning tunneling microscope (STM, type UHV 300) from RHK Technology, a microchannel plate low-energy diffraction (MCP-LEED) instrument from OCI Vacuum Microenginneering Inc., and a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) of the type PRISMA

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• of CoFe2O4 and CF/GQDs. All isotherm curves belong to type V according to IUPAC. At a high relative pressure (above 0.8), the hysteresis sloop indicates that the materials have micro-meso structures. The surface area of CoFe2O4 is small because of heavy agglomeration (21.0 m2·g−1). However, CF/GQDs

Superconducting spin valve effect in Co/Pb/Co heterostructures with insulating interlayers

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Nadir N. Garif’yanov,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Alexander S. Osin,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 457–464, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.41

• layer to oxygen atmosphere at 100 mbar for two hours. Next, Co1 was deposited in the main deposition chamber at a vacuum pressure of the order of 10−9 mbar on top of the CoOx layer. The I1 layer was formed on the surface of Co1 in a similar way as described above in an oxygen atmosphere of ≈10−2 mbar

• for 60 s. It was shown in [43] that significant partial oxidation of a few nanometers thin metallic Co layer can be achieved by exposing it to the ambient atmospheric environment, implying that lowering the atmospheric pressure by five orders of magnitude enables one to oxidize only the surface

• its deposition, thereby, forming an insulating magnetic interlayer at the S/F interface. We consider an oxidation of the Pb layer to be unlikely because it was deposited at a low substrate temperature and exposed to a very low atmospheric pressure for a very short time, as specified above. According

Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• the etching takes place is unknown. It was noticed that a small change in the pressure of water vapour led to a significant change in the etching rate, suggesting that the process is gas-limited (see Supporting Information File 1, section S3). The role of diffusion could therefore be significant. The

• using FEBIE with water [25], namely dodecane (C12H26) for the deposition of carbon and crystals of MgSO4·7H2O for etching with water. Both precursors were let into the chamber at room temperature. The base pressure in the specimen chamber was between 2 × 10−6 and 4 × 10−6 mbar. During patterning (both

• FEBID and FEBIE) the pressure was in the range of 2.5 × 10−5 and 4.5 × 10−5 mbar. Following a few hours of deposition, the chamber would take increasingly longer to pump down, and electron beam-induced sample contamination was observed to increase. This was likely due to dodecane sticking to the walls

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• thermal stability, high polarity, low vapor pressure, and low toxicity, which makes DESs promising candidates for the replacement of thousands of industrial solvents [24][25]. DESs are so versatile that they have been used for nanomaterials synthesis [26][27]. Regarding plasmonic materials, gold

Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface

• Karl Rothe,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37

• molecular precursor C2H4 (purity: 99.9%) at a partial pressure of 10−5 Pa for 120 s [25][26]. Atomic-scale defects were created by bombarding graphene-covered Ir(111) with low-energy (140 eV) Ar+ ions (purity of the Ar gas: 99.999%) [27][28][29][30] at room temperature for 5 s followed by annealing (900 K

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• macrophages. Moreover, AuNPs with different sizes and shapes exhibit the capability to inhibit angiogenesis, especially at 20 nm size [178][186]. In 2022, García-Rubio and colleagues introduced a novel diagnostic approach to differentiate between normal blood pressure and hypertension. This method involves

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• and dislocations are currently under development [13][14]. This leads to the situation that the role of grain boundaries for graphene-based sensing of strain, pressure, and motion has not been explored and remains unresolved [15][16][17][18], although in CVD graphene the domain size is typically of

• measurements and Raman spectroscopy, is shown in Figure 1a. Two instances of zero and non-zero strain are also depicted. The setup has two stepper motors acquired from Standa Inc. The contacts on the NCG were made by gold-coated spring pressure contacts, which were then connected to a BNC connector and a

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• organic contaminants. Prior to the deposition, the substrates were properly air-dried. A 99.99% pure WO3 target (5 mm thick) was used to grow the WOx films. The initial pressure in the deposition chamber was 5 × 10−7 mbar, and the WOx films were deposited at 5 × 10−3 mbar working pressure by injecting

• K, 1 h) used in the present study may not be sufficient to induce crystallinity in the films. Usually, the work function of polycrystalline WOx films is reported to vary between 5.7 and 6.7 eV [49]. In the present work, no O2 partial pressure was used, so it is expected that all WOx films are

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• the relative pressure range of 0.1–0.3 (pressure equilibration tolerance 0.1 mm Hg). ICP measurement method The presented results were obtained at Agilent's Waldbronn application laboratory using an Agilent 8900 ICP-MS, in collaboration with Dr. Balski from Agilent. Sample preparation took place at

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

• injection pulsed-pressure chemical vapor deposition (DLI-PP-CVD). Such samples are constituted of nanoflakes (with a lateral size of typically 50 nm, i.e., well below the laser spot size), with possibly a distribution of thicknesses and twist angles between stacked layers. As an essential preliminary, we

• growth of wafer-scale MoS2 thin films on SiO2/Si substrates by direct liquid injection pulsed-pressure chemical vapor deposition (DLI-PP-CVD) using low-toxicity precursors [27]. Such MoS2 thin films showed good stoichiometry (Mo/S = 1.94–1.95) and the potential for high photoluminescence quantum yield

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

• Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
• Ian Rouse,
• Julia Subbotina and
• Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

• ions. The system’s pH value was maintained at a neutral level, and the NaCl salt concentration was set to 150 mM, mimicking the overall ionic strength of milk and equivalent to one salt molecule per 10 nm3. The system underwent equilibration for 1.0 ns under constant pressure conditions at 1.0 bar and

• -tempered metadynamics (AWT-MetaD) simulations, the adsorption energy was calculated at a temperature of 300 K, a pressure of 1.0 bar, and a neutral pH within the NVT ensemble. Additionally, we measured the interaction energy as a function of surface separation distance (SSD) as a collective variable