Carbon nanotube-wrapped Fe₂O₃ anode with improved performance for lithium-ion batteries

• Guoliang Gao,
• Yan Jin,
• Qun Zeng,
• Deyu Wang and
• Cai Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 649–656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.69

• aforementioned solution was added to 16.67 mL aqueous solution of 2 mg/mL short carboxyl of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNT Aladdin Corp). The mixture was magnetically stirred for 12 h. Finally, the mixture was transferred into teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave, and kept at 150 °C for 24 h. The

Diffusion and surface alloying of gradient nanostructured metals

• Zhenbo Wang and
• Ke Lu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 547–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.59

• [71][72][73][74][75], aluminizing temperature of Mg alloys [76] and ferritic steel [77][78], and nitriding temperature of plain carbon steel [79], stainless steel [80][81][82], Ti and Ti alloys [83][84][85], etc. In addition, the simultaneous surface mechanical and alloying treatment has also been

• have been achieved on the 304 stainless steel with a preformed GNS surface layer after being sputter-deposited a DLC coating, in comparison with that of the DLC-coated CG sample [93]. A GNS surface layer has also been employed to facilitate the formation of nanoporous titania on the commercial pure Ti

Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles on a Si substrate

• Urmas Joost,
• Andris Šutka,
• Meeri Visnapuu,
• Aile Tamm,
• Meeri Lembinen,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Kathriin Utt,
• Krisjanis Smits,
• Ergo Nõmmiste and
• Vambola Kisand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 229–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.25

• mode was utilized in order to provide an optimal performance. OTESPA AFM tips (manufactured by Bruker) were used. To measure thickness of films, they were scratched with stainless steel tweezers and the step height of the scratch was measured. To ensure that only the film was scratched away (and not

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

• Natalie Frese,
• Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
• Christof Neumann,
• Amanda Bowers,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

• spectra are different for the two types of foams. We discuss the foams assuming a 3D-graphene-type network with open cavities forming the micropearl structures. Experimental Hydrothermal reactor Two stainless steel autoclaves, each with a volume of 130 mL, were used for these studies; a setup which is

Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li_1.4Ni_0.5Mn_0.5O_2+x-based cathode materials

• Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
• Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
• Oleg A. Brylev,
• Dmitry I. Petukhov and
• Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

• stainless steel net (0.05 mm thick). After pressing, the electrodes were dried in vacuum (0.5–1.0 mbar) at 120 °C for 8 h. The active electrode, counter electrode (Li) and reference electrode (Li) were placed in a hermetic Teflon cell using a porous polypropylene separator. 1 M LiPF6 solution in ethylene

A new approach to grain boundary engineering for nanocrystalline materials

• Shigeaki Kobayashi,
• Sadahiro Tsurekawa and
• Tadao Watanabe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1829–1849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.176

• the corresponding fractal trace of MRBC determined for a SUS316L austenitic stainless steel specimens [122]. The whole observed area is covered by the square box net with a given unit size, η. Figure 11 shows the double-logarithm plots of the number of boxes N(η) for complete coverage of the MRBC and

• roughening of the specimen surface, as seen from Figure 14c,d. These observations strongly suggest that the fractal dimension DR can be a measure to predict the percolation potential for intergranular corrosion together with GBCD in SUS316L stainless steel. In the case of nanocrystalline materials with grain

3D printing of mineral–polymer bone substitutes based on sodium alginate and calcium phosphate

• Aleksey A. Egorov,
• Alexander Yu. Fedotov,
• Anton V. Mironov,
• Vladimir S. Komlev,
• Vladimir K. Popov and
• Yury V. Zobkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1794–1799, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.172

• KBr powder followed by compacting into a thin pellet in a stainless steel die with a 1 cm inner diameter. FTIR data were recorded over the range of 4000–400 cm−1 with 128 scans. As described in [17] the compressive strength of the samples was evaluated in accordance with the ISO standard 83.100

Prediction of the mechanical properties of zeolite pellets for aerospace molecular decontamination applications

• Guillaume Rioland,
• Patrick Dutournié,
• Delphine Faye,
• T. Jean Daou and
• Joël Patarin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1761–1771, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.169

• -lined stainless-steel autoclaves and heated at 150 °C for 2 days. After synthesis the product was filtered, washed with deionized water several times and dried overnight at 100 °C. The organic compounds were finally removed by calcination at 550 °C for 8 h in air (ramp at 1 °C·min−1). Methylcellulose

Role of RGO support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO semiconductor nanostructures

• Suneel Kumar,
• Rahul Sharma,
• Vipul Sharma,
• Gurunarayanan Harith,
• Vaidyanathan Sivakumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1684–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.161

• dropwise under vigorous stirring. This was followed by ultrasonic treatment of the solution for 30 min for homogenization. Then, this homogenous solution was transferred to a 100 mL teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave, sealed tightly and maintained at 180 °C for 12 h. White precipitates of ZnO NR were

• . Finally, Cd(OOCCH3)2·2H2O (0.2 M) and 4 mL of thioglycolic acid (0.2 M) was added into 40 mL of above solution under vigorous stirring. Subsequently, this homogenous suspension was transferred to 50 mL teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and kept at 140 °C for 48 h. After the completion of reaction

• achieved, the suspension is transferred to teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and kept at 120 °C for 24 h. The desired product was obtained after washing with water and dried at 60 °C. Based on the molar ratio of the precursors used in the synthesis, the ratio of CdS to ZnO is expected to be 1:1 while

Development of adsorptive membranes by confinement of activated biochar into electrospun nanofibers

• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Mitra Naghdi,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• Emile Knystautas,
• Mausam Verma,
• Rao. Y. Surampalli and
• Jose. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1556–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.149

• micropollutants was studied on the sample with the highest surface area (NFM-1.5%). Adsorption test was performed on a 15 × 15 cm2 stainless steel (SS-316) membrane test module connected to a peristaltic pump. A solution with CTC concentration of 200 ppb in milli-Q water was pumped at a flux of 3 mL/cm2·h into

High performance Ce-doped ZnO nanorods for sunlight-driven photocatalysis

• Bilel Chouchene,
• Tahar Ben Chaabane,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Kevin Mozet,
• Ghouti Medjahdi and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1338–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.125

• Structural and optical characterizations of Ce-doped ZnO rods Ce-doped ZnO rods have been synthesized by a solvothermal method in a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave at 160 °C for 24 h using Zn(OAc)2 and Ce2(SO4)3 as starting reagents (Scheme 1). Figure 1a shows the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of

Photocurrent generation in carbon nanotube/cubic-phase HfO₂ nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites

• Protima Rauwel,
• Augustinas Galeckas,
• Martin Salumaa,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Erwan Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1075–1085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.101

• 20 mL (183 mmol) of benzylamine (purified by redistillation (99.5%), Aldrich). The reaction mixture was transferred into a stainless steel autoclave and carefully sealed. Thereafter, the autoclave was taken out of the glove box and heated in a furnace at 300 °C for 2 days. The resulting milky

Development of highly faceted reduced graphene oxide-coated copper oxide and copper nanoparticles on a copper foil surface

• Rebeca Ortega-Amaya,
• Yasuhiro Matsumoto,
• Andrés M. Espinoza-Rivas,
• Manuel A. Pérez-Guzmán and
• Mauricio Ortega-López

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1010–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.93

• Ar atmosphere for 1 h. For characterization, the rGO films were peeled off with stainless steel tweezers. Characterization The structure and morphology were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL 2010 and HR-TEM, JEOL ARM 200F), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM

Thermo-voltage measurements of atomic contacts at low temperature

• Ayelet Ofarim,
• Bastian Kopp,
• Thomas Möller,
• León Martin,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 767–775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.68

• junction substrates bronze or stainless steel [18][23][24]. Kapton Cirlex is an electrically insulating and optically opaque material based on polyimide. We use a thickness of 500 µm chosen such that it is mechanically robust yet giving flexibility across a wide temperature range down to 4 K and is thus

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• formation is about 2000 °C. At this temperature, the electrodes evaporate carbon, forming soot that contains fullerenes, which then condenses on the cool walls of a reactor made of stainless steel or Pyrex [28]. Typically the concentration of fullerenes found in the soot is about 15% (≈13% C60 and ≈2% C70

Electrochemical behavior of polypyrrol/AuNP composites deposited by different electrochemical methods: sensing properties towards catechol

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Cristina Medina-Plaza,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• Yolanda Blanco,
• José Antonio de Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2052–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.209

• , electrodeposition was carried out through galvanostatic and potentiostatic methods and using platinum (Pt) or stainless steel (SS) as substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that in all cases gold nanoparticles of similar size were uniformly dispersed in the Ppy matrix. The amount of AuNPs

• effects are not so pronounced on stainless steel, but acceptable LOD are attained with lower price sensors. Keywords: catechol; conducting polymers; electropolymerization; gold nanoparticles (AuNPs); polypyrrole; Introduction Polypyrrole (Ppy) is one of the most extensively studied, conducting polymers

• carried out onto classical platinum electrodes and on stainless steel substrates. This aspect could play a crucial role not only in the structure, properties and performance of the sensor but also in the final price. The structure and sensing properties of voltammetric sensors modified with Ppy/AuNPs

Conductance through single biphenyl molecules: symmetric and asymmetric coupling to electrodes

• Karthiga Kanthasamy and
• Herbert Pfnür

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1690–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.171

• show that there is clear coupling between end groups and interaction over the whole molecule, so that there is still fairly high conductance through this asymmetric biphenyl molecule. Experimental A flexible stainless steel sheet (200 μm thick) coated with an insulating polyimide layer is used as a

High photocatalytic activity of V-doped SrTiO₃ porous nanofibers produced from a combined electrospinning and thermal diffusion process

• Panpan Jing,
• Wei Lan,
• Qing Su and
• Erqing Xie

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1281–1286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.132

• solutions. This was then transferred to a glass syringe with a stainless steel needle (inner diameter ≈0.4 mm) for electrospinning. The distance and voltage from the tip of needle to the collector were set at 20 cm and 17 kV, respectively. The feeding rate of the emulsion was set at 0.5 mL/h. After

Pt- and Pd-decorated MWCNTs for vapour and gas detection at room temperature

• Hamdi Baccar,
• Atef Thamri,
• Pierrick Clément,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 919–927, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.95

• bubbler were used to generate reproducible concentrations of the different volatile compounds tested. Calibrated gas bottles connected to the mass flow meters were used to generate reproducible concentrations of the gas studied. These were coupled to a stainless steel sensor chamber (35 cm3 volume), which

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• ]. This makes BNNTs useful additives to increase stability against the oxidation of surfaces [4]. Due to their highly hydrophobic character, BNNTs were also used to prepare super hydrophobic surfaces [8][9]. A hydrophobic surface was prepared by the synthesis of BNNTs on the surface of a stainless steel

• °C. The diameter of the synthesized BNNTs was the same as the pore size diameter of the aluminum oxide template. The BNNTs were synthesized in a stainless steel autoclave at 380 °C from amorphous boron, NaN3, and CH3CN for 14 h. The obtained product was washed with ethanol, dried and a 5% BNNTs yield

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

• constraints to cell hardware due to the high transmission of neutrons though end- and bipolar plates, which are usually made of stainless steel and graphite. The attenuation of the neutrons originates mainly from hydrogen and hydrogenous compounds such as phosphoric acid. The first neutron radiography study

Controlling the dispersion of supported polyoxometalate heterogeneous catalysts: impact of hybridization and the role of hydrophilicity–hydrophobicity balance and supramolecularity

• Gijo Raj,
• Colas Swalus,
• Eglantine Arendt,
• Pierre Eloy,
• Michel Devillers and
• Eric M. Gaigneaux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1749–1759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.185

• , and the hybrid materials were imaged by using an etched Si tapping mode cantilever of the TESP type (Bruker AFM probes), having a nominal radius of curvature of 8 nm. Samples were glued on a magnetic stainless steel disc by using double-sided adhesive tape before mounting on to the “J” type

• ) equipped with a monochromatised Al X-ray source (powered at 10 mA and 15 kV) and an eight-channeltrons detector. The samples were fixed on a standard stainless steel multi-specimen holder by using a piece of double-sided insulating tape. The pressure in the analysis chamber was approximately 10−6 Pa. The

Silica nanoparticles are less toxic to human lung cells when deposited at the air–liquid interface compared to conventional submerged exposure

• Alicja Panas,
• Andreas Comouth,
• Harald Saathoff,
• Thomas Leisner,
• Marco Al-Rawi,
• Michael Simon,
• Gunnar Seemann,
• Olaf Dössel,
• Sonja Mülhopt,
• Hanns-Rudolf Paur,
• Susanne Fritsch-Decker,
• Carsten Weiss and
• Silvia Diabaté

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1590–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.171

• chambers (VITROCELL Systems GmbH, Waldkirch). Two stainless steel modules were equipped with three Transwell® inserts of 24 mm membrane diameter. To increase the deposition efficiency an almost homogeneous electrical field with an axial strength of 500 V·mm−1 was applied. Determination of the dose In order

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• , mammalian cells and bacteria are considered. Keywords: albumin; gold-silver; implant alloy; laser ablation; nickel-titanium; size control; wear debris; Introduction The widespread use of medical implants consisting of metals (e.g., gold coatings [1]) and alloys (e.g., NiTi, CoCr, stainless steel) [2][3][4

• been addressed in the literature, though the fabrication of FeOx [130][131][132] as well as NiFe [30] and FePt [133] alloys nanoparticles has been reported. Recently, PLAL was applied to fabricate nanoparticles from austentic stainless steel samples in water, with bulk target compositions Fe 65–75%, Cr

Magnesium batteries: Current state of the art, issues and future perspectives

• Rana Mohtadi and
• Fuminori Mizuno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1291–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.143

• oxidation was 1.7, 2.2 and 2.3 V (vs Mg) on platinum, stainless steel and glassy carbon electrodes, respectively. As the borohydride electrolytes are not corrosive, these stability trends are opposite of those observed for other magnesium electrolytes. The higher stability of the borohydride on a non-noble

• [34]. Unfortunately, the MgCl2 electrolytes were found to be very corrosive; i.e., stability on stainless steel was as low as 1.8 V vs Mg [34]. What is notable about the Mg(HMDS)2:AlCl3 and MgCl2:AlCl3 systems is that the in situ products exhibited wide electrochemical windows and high electrochemical

• reported for 0.35 M (HMDS)2Mg–2AlCl3 in diglyme solution where high oxidative stability above 3.5 V vs Mg was obtained. Interestingly, the electrolyte stability measured on a stainless steel electrode was 0.4 V higher than that of a similar system in tetrahydrofuran (2.2 V vs Mg) [8]. At this time, all the