Surface assembly and nanofabrication of 1,1,1-tris(mercaptomethyl)heptadecane on Au(111) studied with time-lapse atomic force microscopy

• Tian Tian,
• Burapol Singhana,
• Lauren E. Englade-Franklin,
• Xianglin Zhai,
• T. Randall Lee and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 26–35, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.3

• defects furnish reference landmarks for in situ imaging. After injecting a solution of TMMH in ethanol (0.01 mM) into the liquid cell, small changes were observed during the first hour. At this concentration, a few adsorbates became apparent after 1 h (Figure 1b). Increases in surface coverage were

• detected as time progressed. Time-lapse images after 2, 2.5, and 3 h are presented in Figure 1c–e with a distinct arrangement of surface landmarks to anchor the location for acquiring successive images. However, as the surface coverage of TMMH increased, the landmarks became indistinguishable (Lateral

• deposition [27]. As shown by the surface coverage estimates in Figure 3, the rate of surface adsorption of TMMH increased after 2 h, suggesting that interactions between neighboring molecules as surface density increased influenced the rate of surface attachment. The data for Figure 3 were constructed from

Some reflections on the understanding of the oxygen reduction reaction at Pt(111)

• Ana M. Gómez-Marín,
• Ruben Rizo and
• Juan M. Feliu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 956–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.108

• combined while the “total” oxygen surface coverage is increased as a charge transfer takes place [20][21] (Scheme 2). The interconversion between these adlayers is evidenced by the different standard potential values of the different electrochemical equilibria as the oxygen coverage increases. In this

Kelvin probe force microscopy of nanocrystalline TiO₂ photoelectrodes

• Alex Henning,
• Gino Günzburger,
• Res Jöhr,
• Yossi Rosenwaks,
• Biljana Bozic-Weber,
• Catherine E. Housecroft,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 418–428, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.49

• , θ, relative to the surface plane normal. Due to the curved surface geometry of nc-TiO2, the mean dipole in the z-direction is reduced (Figure 8). A surface coverage of N/A = 1/4 molecules/nm2 is a reasonable value found by Ikeda et al. by AFM measurements of N3 (N719 is the salt of N3) adsorbed on

Ni nanocrystals on HOPG(0001): A scanning tunnelling microscope study

• Michael Marz,
• Keisuke Sagisaka and
• Daisuke Fujita

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 406–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.48

• statistical analysis of the results, values such as the mean cluster height and width have been calculated. Figure 2a shows the dependence of the surface coverage with Ni-clusters in percentage with respect to the total amount of evaporated Ni (Πf × t). From a linear fit, we can conclude that the HOPG surface

Selective surface modification of lithographic silicon oxide nanostructures by organofunctional silanes

• Thomas Baumgärtel,
• Christian von Borczyskowski and
• Harald Graaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 218–226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.22

• . The few surface hydroxy groups also lead to a much slower binding rate of OTS to the LAO oxide. Even after several hours in the OTS solution, the surface was not fully covered with OTS, whereas for “piranha”-cleaned silica a fractional surface coverage near unity was reported within a few minutes [29

• ± 0.1) nm. Silane layer thicknesses that are smaller than the molecular length may be explained by a low surface coverage. If the monolayer is not densely packed, the molecules will not stand nearly upright (in all-trans conformation), but the alkyl chains will orient more parallel to the surface, which

• very difficult due to the unknown quenching by the underlying silicon and the unavailability of suitable measurement techniques of the surface coverage for such small geometries. If the density of FITC molecules on the structures is really much lower than that of electrostatically attracted dyes then

Paper modified with ZnO nanorods – antimicrobial studies

• Mayuree Jaisai,
• Sunandan Baruah and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 684–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.78

• observed in paper samples coated with ZnO nanorods grown at a concentration of 20 mM for 20 h, which is attributed to the higher effective surface coverage of ZnO nanorods allowing more bacterial cells to come into contact with the ZnO surface. We have observed that the antimicrobial paper not only

Assessing the plasmonics of gold nano-triangles with higher order laser modes

• Laura E. Hennemann,
• Andreas Kolloch,
• Andreas Kern,
• Josip Mihaljevic,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer,
• Alfred J. Meixner and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 674–683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.77

• polarised beam, SERS measurements of adenine adsorbed on Fischer patterns (L ≈ 350 nm, glass substrate) showed similar Raman bands as those observed with a radially polarised beam; however, the intensities are much weaker (Supporting Information File 1). Due to the extremely low surface coverage of DNA

Focused electron beam induced deposition: A perspective

• Michael Huth,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Schwalb,
• Marcel Winhold,
• Roland Sachser,
• Maja Dukic,
• Jonathan Adams and
• Georg Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 597–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.70

• surface coverage is assumed to be limited to one monolayer, such that the maximum fractional coverage n/nML is 1, where nML stands for the full area density of a complete precursor monolayer and n for the temporally and spatially dependent precursor adsorbate density. The fraction of surface sites that is

Macromolecular shape and interactions in layer-by-layer assemblies within cylindrical nanopores

• Thomas D. Lazzara,
• K. H. Aaron Lau,
• Wolfgang Knoll,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Claudia Steinem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 475–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.54

• thickness within the pores after LbL growth saturates at nmax. The steric hindrance to LbL formation in cylindrical nanopores can be estimated by taking into consideration that macromolecules form adlayers that appear as large as their absolute thickness to incoming macromolecules, regardless of the surface

• coverage. Therefore, the value of toptical,n_max in Equation 1 represents a measure of the film thickness that physically limits macromolecular deposition within the pores. For the linear-PEs, deff,n_max can be calculated according to Equation 1 to be in the range of 22–34 nm for all initial pore diameters

The morphology of silver nanoparticles prepared by enzyme-induced reduction

• Henrik Schneidewind,
• Thomas Schüler,
• Katharina K. Strelau,
• Karina Weber,
• Dana Cialla,
• Marco Diegel,
• Roland Mattheis,
• Andreas Berger,
• Robert Möller and
• Jürgen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 404–414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.47

• . The surface coverage of substrates with silver nanoparticles and the maximum particle height were determined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. Variations in the silver-nanoparticle films depending on the conditions during synthesis were observed. After an initial growth state the silver

• grey-tone analysis confirms a transition between a low-density array of silver nanoparticles to an almost closed film of nanoparticles for DNA concentrations below 1 µM. The time dependence of the evaluation of the surface coverage affirms a fast increase within the first minute. After 5 min the

• surface is completely covered by silver nanoparticles for DNA concentrations above 1 µM. But once again, the apparent saturation of the surface coverage only corresponds to the state of a completely closed surface and does not allow a prediction as to whether the silver nanoparticles grow further in the

Self-assembly of octadecyltrichlorosilane: Surface structures formed using different protocols of particle lithography

• ChaMarra K. Saner,
• Kathie L. Lusker,
• Zorabel M. LeJeune,
• Wilson K. Serem and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 114–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.12

• prepared using three protocols, with OTS surface coverage ranging from 10% to 85%. Thickness measurements from AFM cursor profiles were used to evaluate the orientation and density of the OTS nanostructures. Differences in the thickness and morphology of the OTS nanostructures are disclosed based on atomic

• with organosilanes such as OTS [10][11][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Preparation methods affect the growth rate, surface coverage and orientation of OTS [51]. Molecular-level differences in the thickness and morphology of OTS nanostructures prepared by different lithography procedures can be investigated

• by performing atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies [52][53]. Particle lithography enables control of the deposition parameters for tailoring the surface coverage, surface geometries and pattern dimensions. Close-packed arrays of latex or silica mesoparticles were used as surface masks to direct the

Substrate-mediated effects in photothermal patterning of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers with microfocused continuous-wave lasers

• Anja Schröter,
• Mark Kalus and
• Nils Hartmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 65–74, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.8

• temperature profiles broadens. Thermokinetic simulations Thermokinetic simulations are helpful to illustrate the impact of the surface temperature profiles T(r) on the diameter of the laser-fabricated structures. For this purpose, surface-coverage profiles θ(r) are calculated assuming first-order kinetics. A

• this approach, surface coverage profiles θ(r) are calculated from with k(r) denoting the radially varying reaction rate constant: Considering Equation 12 and Equation 13, the local reaction kinetics depends on the irradiation time τ and the rate constant k(r), which itself depends on the temperature

• complications, such as surface melting and substrate ablation. Hence, the procedure has to be carefully optimized in order to ensure selective processing of the SAM [11][24]. Calculated surface-coverage profiles at a typical laser pulse length of τ = 1 ms are displayed in Figure 7. Clearly, an increase in the

Generation and agglomeration behaviour of size-selected sub-nm iron clusters as catalysts for the growth of carbon nanotubes

• Ravi Joshi,
• Benjamin Waldschmidt,
• Jörg Engstler,
• Rolf Schäfer and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 734–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.80

• into [Al@SiOx] surfaces at a low surface coverage corresponding to a few thousandths up to a few hundredths of a monolayer in order to avoid initial cluster agglomeration. These studies are aimed towards gaining an insight into the lower limit of the size regime of carbon nanotube (CNT) growth by

• of the CNT material, would be a challenging goal. The introduction of defined metal-cluster catalysts with size-selected dimensions, deposited with a low surface coverage onto a suitable growth substrate to maintain their integrity, thus provides a new route into size-selective CNT growth. Moreover

• decrease in catalyst particle size below 1 nm and their deposition with a very low substrate surface coverage would allow studying of the lower size regime of such clusters and their catalytic activity in CNT growth. This could thus give information on the critical size of the catalyst particles and allow

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopic imaging of patterned thiol monolayers

• Johannes Stadler,
• Thomas Schmid,
• Lothar Opilik,
• Phillip Kuhn,
• Petra S. Dittrich and
• Renato Zenobi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 509–515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.55

• adsorbates have very similar properties, i.e., a monolayer consisting of both 2-PySH and 4-PySH. With TERS, both isomers could be localized on the surface by their spectroscopic signature and approximate information on the surface coverage could be obtained from the intensity of characteristic marker bands

• 650 μm wide hexagons, filled with flat circles of decreasing size (from top to bottom) and decreasing surface coverage (from left to right). The height of the elevated features of the stamp is defined by the thickness of the photoresist on the master (2.1 ± 0.1 μm). The master for microcontact

Review and outlook: from single nanoparticles to self-assembled monolayers and granular GMR sensors

• Alexander Weddemann,
• Inga Ennen,
• Anna Regtmeier,
• Camelia Albon,
• Annalena Wolff,
• Katrin Eckstädt,
• Nadine Mill,
• Michael K.-H. Peter,
• Jochen Mattay,
• Carolin Plattner,
• Norbert Sewald and
• Andreas Hütten

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 75–93, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.10

• markers) are obtained. In qualitative agreement to the experimental observation, a linear increase for low surface coverage can be found while for high concentrations the signal becomes stationary (Figure 13(a)). Further, the ΔTMR-response shows a hysteretic behavior (Figure 13(c), blue line