Current–voltage characteristics of manganite–titanite perovskite junctions

• Benedikt Ifland,
• Patrick Peretzki,
• Birte Kressdorf,
• Philipp Saring,
• Andreas Kelling,
• Michael Seibt and
• Christian Jooss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1467–1484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.152

• colossal electro-resistance (CER). For the perovskite heterojunction La0.32Pr0.33Ca0.33MnO3 with 0.5 wt % Nb-doped SrTiO3, the influence of a magnetic field on the temperature-dependent photovoltaic effect was reported [5]. In contrast, STNO has a band gap of around Eg = 3.2 eV [25] and the reported type

• range, which consequently reduces a typical device thickness [2]. For perovskite oxides, no direct measurement of the diffusion length has been reported so far. From the experimental viewpoint, one of the main tools to study photovoltaic devices is the temperature-dependent analysis of current–voltage

• and acceptors in the conduction or valence band is given by nD and nA, respectively. Since the temperature dependence of the intrinsic charge carrier density, ni, is given by the saturation current is also temperature dependent where NC and NV are the effective densities of states of the conduction

Electron-stimulated purification of platinum nanostructures grown via focused electron beam induced deposition

• Brett B. Lewis,
• Michael G. Stanford,
• Jason D. Fowlkes,
• Kevin Lester,
• Harald Plank and
• Philip D. Rack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 907–918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.94

• the resultant percolating network and ultimately their temperature dependent electrical behavior which can reveal the granular properties of the evolving nanostructure as well as the insulator to metal transition. Modeling Finally, to emulate the purification reaction we have developed a model which

Manganese oxide phases and morphologies: A study on calcination temperature and atmospheric dependence

• Matthias Augustin,
• Daniela Fenske,
• Ingo Bardenhagen,
• Anne Westphal,
• Martin Knipper,
• Thorsten Plaggenborg,
• Joanna Kolny-Olesiak and
• Jürgen Parisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 47–59, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.6

• the different manganese oxides via one route facilitates assigning actual structure–property relationships. The oxidation process related to the different MnOx species was observed by in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements showing time- and temperature-dependent phase transformations occurring

• situ XRD measurements showed the sequence of time- and temperature-dependent phase transformations during oxidation of the Mn(II) glycolate precursor to α-Mn2O3 via Mn3O4 and Mn5O8 in O2 atmosphere. Structural and morphological investigations revealed the dependence of the lattice constants and

Influence of the supramolecular architecture on the magnetic properties of a Dy^III single-molecule magnet: an ab initio investigation

• Julie Jung,
• Olivier Cador,
• Kevin Bernot,
• Fabrice Pointillart,
• Javier Luzon and
• Boris Le Guennic

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2267–2274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.236

• energies of the ground multiplet (6H15/2) of the Dy ion. The anisotropy tensor, the energy of the eight Kramer doublets of the ground spin–orbit state, as well as the temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility and the molar magnetization at 2 K were computed to support experimental results. Atomic

Silicon and germanium nanocrystals: properties and characterization

• Ivana Capan,
• Alexandra Carvalho and
• José Coutinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1787–1794, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.189

• simple MOS structure, with Ge NCs embedded in the SiO2 film deposited on a Si substrate. In order to check for the existence of the deep level traps coming from the Si/SiO2 interface, temperature dependent C–V measurements have been performed. The activation energy of the electron emission has been

The influence of molecular mobility on the properties of networks of gold nanoparticles and organic ligands

• Edwin J. Devid,
• Paulo N. Martinho,
• M. Venkata Kamalakar,
• Úna Prendergast,
• Christian Kübel,
• Tibebe Lemma,
• Jean-François Dayen,
• Tia. E. Keyes,
• Bernard Doudin,
• Mario Ruben and
• Sense Jan van der Molen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1664–1674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.177

• ) provides insight into the selectivity of the bond formation. Remarkably, Raman experiments also reveal subtle shifts in some S-BPP modes related to reversible structural modification within the array induced by temperature. This observation is compared to temperature-dependent transport experiments. For

• the nanoparticles preferably through the thiol linker. Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy on 2D Au-NP–S-BPP arrays The studies by Raman microscopy over the temperature range 80 to 353 K are shown in Figure 4. The absence of significant chemical changes with temperature is indicated by the

• them sensitive to electronic changes within their molecular vicinity, particularly in conjugated systems [40][41]. The surface-bound benzenethiol is sensitive to temperature, but the alkyne exhibits much larger temperature-dependent spectral changes, with a shift of 16 cm−1 between 80 and 353 K. We

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• unique electrostatically controlled nano-environment allows observations of gold nanoparticle buffering effects and specific ion adsorption which cannot be studied in ligand-stabilized systems [45]. Furthermore, it should be noted that the Debeye parameter is known to be temperature-dependent as well (κ

Review of nanostructured devices for thermoelectric applications

• Giovanni Pennelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1268–1284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.141

• temperature dependent. Furthermore, these parameters depend on the temperature through non-linear relationships, that in general can be determined only by experimental measurements. Therefore, a numerical solution of the thermoelectric equations (Equation 5 and Equation 6), which takes in account the

Biocalcite, a multifunctional inorganic polymer: Building block for calcareous sponge spicules and bioseed for the synthesis of calcium phosphate-based bone

• Xiaohong Wang,
• Heinz C. Schröder and
• Werner E. G. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 610–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.72

• for the round-shaped vaterite deposits is 9.95 ± 1.60. The enzyme-mediated deposition of calcium carbonate is markedly temperature dependent [31]. While at 10 °C the reaction velocity of calcium carbonate deposition is almost identical in the enzyme-containing and enzyme-lacking assays, at higher

Impact of thermal frequency drift on highest precision force microscopy using quartz-based force sensors at low temperatures

• Florian Pielmeier,
• Daniel Meuer,
• Daniel Schmid,
• Christoph Strunk and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 407–412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.48

• and the qPlus sensors (Figure 3a) and the LER (Figure 3b). Again, the wiggles in the curves for the qPlus sensors are caused by external excitations due to a lacking damping system. The kink around 13 K from Figure 2 shows up as a clear step. In temperature dependent measurements it might therefore be

Large-scale atomistic and quantum-mechanical simulations of a Nafion membrane: Morphology, proton solvation and charge transport

• Pavel V. Komarov,
• Pavel G. Khalatur and
• Alexei R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 567–587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.65

• this effect might occur because more entropy is available to ion pairs than to dissociated ions, leading to an entropically driven temperature dependent contribution to the binding free energy. For the ionomeric system studied here we observe an opposite effect of the temperature, the ion pairing

The role of electron-stimulated desorption in focused electron beam induced deposition

• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Thomas W. Hansen,
• Jakob B. Wagner and
• Jeff T. M. De Hosson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 474–480, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.56

• concentration gradient. The last two terms describe dissociation by the electron beam and desorption from the substrate to the gas phase. The growth rate, R (cm·s−1), can be defined as: with Vmolecule (cm3) being the volume of a deposited molecule. Equation 1 has two temperature-dependent terms: diffusion and

Structural and thermoelectric properties of TMGa₃ (TM = Fe, Co) thin films

• Sebastian Schnurr,
• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Valeriy Y. Verchenko and
• Andrei V. Shevelkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 461–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.54

• Seebeck coefficients To determine the temperature-dependent Seebeck coefficients S(T) of (TM)Ga3 films, in a first step the films were complemented by strips of Pb to form (TM)Ga3/Pb-thermocouples arranged on a thin (140 μm) glass substrate. Since S(T) values for Pb are well documented in the literature

Antiferromagnetic coupling of TbPc₂ molecules to ultrathin Ni and Co films

• David Klar,
• Svetlana Klyatskaya,
• Andrea Candini,
• Bernhard Krumme,
• Kurt Kummer,
• Philippe Ohresser,
• Valdis Corradini,
• Valentina de Renzi,
• Roberto Biagi,
• Loic Joly,
• Jean-Paul Kappler,
• Umberto del Pennino,
• Marco Affronte,
• Heiko Wende and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 320–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.36

• demonstration of an antiferromagnetic coupling of rare-earth–Pc2 molecules to ferromagnetic substrates. The quantitative analysis of the antiferromagnetic coupling strength goes beyond the scope of this manuscript. This can be achieved by experimental investigation by means of a detailed temperature-dependent

Zeolites as nanoporous, gas-sensitive materials for in situ monitoring of DeNO_x-SCR

• Thomas Simons and
• Ulrich Simon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 667–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.76

• sensor at the same time. By means of temperature-dependent impedance spectroscopy we found that the thermally induced NH3 desorption in H-form and in Fe-loaded zeolite H-ZSM-5 follow the same process, while a remarkable difference under DeNOx-SCR reaction conditions was found. The Fe-loaded catalyst

• performed a series of measurements to analyse the temperature-dependent impedance. Therefore, the nonsolvated samples were loaded with NH3 (100 ppmv NH3 in N2) at room temperature for 1 h and afterwards heated up to 500 °C, in steps of 5 °C (100–300 °C), 10 °C (300–400 °C) and 20 °C (400–500 °C). To observe

Focused electron beam induced deposition: A perspective

• Michael Huth,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Schwalb,
• Marcel Winhold,
• Roland Sachser,
• Maja Dukic,
• Jonathan Adams and
• Georg Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 597–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.70

• deposited between Au/Cr contacts previously defined by standard lithographic means. The temperature-dependent measurements were performed in a 4He cryostat with variable temperature insert. In Figure 6 the results for the elemental composition of the deposits, as determined by energy dispersive X-ray

• reaching a well-defined minimum at a composition close to Pt2Si3. The temperature-dependent conductivity, which is shown in Figure 8, indicates for this composition and also for the composition PtSi a special form of thermally activated transport, which is commonly associated to a variable-range hopping

• experimentally demonstrated. Great care has therefore to be taken when this precursor in used. Secondly, FEBID structures from Co2(CO)8 can have a metal content of more than 95 atom % and show temperature-dependent transport properties reminiscent of dirty Co thin films in combination with soft-magnetic behavior

Spontaneous dissociation of Co₂(CO)₈ and autocatalytic growth of Co on SiO₂: A combined experimental and theoretical investigation

• Kaliappan Muthukumar,
• Harald O. Jeschke,
• Roser Valentí,
• Evgeniya Begun,
• Johannes Schwenk,
• Fabrizio Porrati and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 546–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.63

• precursor [52][53]. A larger degree of grain boundary scattering in the spontaneously formed deposit, as well as a possibly higher carbon content may be the cause for this enhanced resistivity. We also performed temperature-dependent resistivity measurements (Figure 4a) as well as Hall effect measurements

• (Figure 4b) for the sample grown on the plasma-activated silica. The samples grown under pre-irradiation conditions are unstable under thermal stress and could not be measured below room temperature. The temperature-dependent resistivity shows a typical metallic behavior as expected for a dirty metal

Mesoporous MgTa₂O₆ thin films with enhanced photocatalytic activity: On the interplay between crystallinity and mesostructure

• Jin-Ming Wu,
• Igor Djerdj,
• Till von Graberg and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 123–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.13

• temperature-dependent X-ray scattering. Optimal activity was obtained when the mesoporous film was heated to 790 °C; at this temperature, crystallinity was significantly high, with MgTa2O6 nanocrystals of 1.6 nm in size (averaged over all reflections), and an ordered mesoporous structure was maintained. When

• , temperature-dependent structural analysis proved that mesoporosity itself is not sufficient to endow metal oxides with advanced physicochemical performance. Experimental section Film fabrication MgCl2 (47 mg; 99.99%, Aldrich) and Ta(OC2H5)5 (500 mg; 99.98%, Aldrich) were dissolved separately in ethanol (2 g

Substrate-mediated effects in photothermal patterning of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers with microfocused continuous-wave lasers

• Anja Schröter,
• Mark Kalus and
• Nils Hartmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 65–74, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.8

• locally heat the substrate surface and initiate desorption or decomposition of the coating. Because of the strongly temperature-dependent desorption kinetics, the overall process is highly nonlinear in the applied laser power. For this reason, subwavelength patterning is feasible employing ordinary

• patterning technique. Because of the strongly temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of Si, surface-temperature profiles on Au/Si substrates are very narrow ensuring a particularly high lateral resolution. At a 1/e spot diameter of 2 µm, fabrication of subwavelength structures with diameters of 300–400

• absorption [11][12]: with and Note, I0, here and in the following, denotes the modified Bessel function of order zero. Moreover, Equation 3 takes into account the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of Si. In the case of Au/glass substrates laser absorption is strictly limited to the thin Au layer

Nanostructured, mesoporous Au/TiO₂ model catalysts – structure, stability and catalytic properties

• Matthias Roos,
• Dominique Böcking,
• Kwabena Offeh Gyimah,
• Gabriela Kucerova,
• Joachim Bansmann,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Nicola Hüsing and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.63

• the CO oxidation reaction, performed with a scanning mass spectrometer directly above the film, yielded reaction characteristics that are very close to those of highly dispersed Au/TiO2 catalysts at comparable reaction conditions, with an activation energy of 23.9 kJ·mol−1 and temperature-dependent

Simple theoretical analysis of the photoemission from quantum confined effective mass superlattices of optoelectronic materials

• Debashis De,
• Sitangshu Bhattacharya,
• S. M. Adhikari,
• A. Kumar,
• P. K. Bose and
• K. P. Ghatak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 339–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.40

• properties, are based on the temperature-dependent carrier statistics in such materials. Plot of the normalized photoemission current density from QW effective mass superlattices of HgTe/Hg1−xCdxTe as a function of inverse magnetic field, in which the curves (a), (b) and (c) represent the perturbed three and

Dense lying self-organized GaAsSb quantum dots on GaAs for efficient lasers

• Thomas H. Loeber,
• Dirk Hoffmann and
• Henning Fouckhardt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 333–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.39

• sample temperature TPL, giving a value of 0.08 nm/K for the temperature dependent peak shift. The FWHM is almost constant at 18 ± 3 nm. The peak of the larger dots shifts from 1.034 up to 1.059 µm, giving 0.14 nm/K, with a FWHM of 75 ± 16 nm. The weaker quantization in the larger dots leads to a stronger

• wavelength of λLaser = 0.909 µm (at j = 1.22 × jth) is very close to the expected wavelength. From temperature dependent threshold current measurements, characteristic temperatures of T0 = 476.8 K for the temperature range below 140 K, and T0 = 63.2 K above 140 K, were extracted. In principle, for different

Effect of large mechanical stress on the magnetic properties of embedded Fe nanoparticles

• Srinivasa Saranu,
• Sören Selve,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Luyang Han,
• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Paul Ziemann and
• Ulrich Herr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 268–275, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.31

• . The stress is applied to the nanoparticles through expansion of the substrate during hydrogen loading. Experimental evidence for stress induced magnetic effects is presented based on temperature-dependent magnetization curves of superparamagnetic Fe particles. The results show the potential of the

• of static magnetization measurements have been presented showing large increases of the Mr/Ms ratio and a reduction of the saturation field of the nanoparticles. The temperature dependent magnetization curves obtained after field cooling are also influenced by the applied stress. The results may be

Manipulation of gold colloidal nanoparticles with atomic force microscopy in dynamic mode: influence of particle–substrate chemistry and morphology, and of operating conditions

• Samer Darwich,
• Karine Mougin,
• Akshata Rao,
• Enrico Gnecco,
• Shrisudersan Jayaraman and
• Hamidou Haidara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 85–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.10

• adhesion between them. Similar thermal effects have been recognized in friction on hydrophilic surfaces measured with different scan velocities [42]. It is worth noting that during this temperature dependent manipulation no evident damage was observed on working areas. Figure 5b shows a logarithmic plot of

• similar behavior in, both, trend and activation barrier of the temperature-dependent mobility is observed for the hydrophilic OH-coated NPs. An explanation for this result may come at least partly from the complex behavior of the adsorbed (structural) water depending on temperature in the hydrophilic

Kinetic lattice Monte-Carlo simulations on the ordering kinetics of free and supported FePt L1₀-nanoparticles

• Michael Müller and
• Karsten Albe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 40–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.5

• for simulating the dynamics of ordering. In the simulation of a bulk material, the vacancy concentration is fixed at while in a real system, a temperature dependent vacancy concentration of would be observed. In the latter case, the average vacancy formation energy in FePt alloys predicted by the