Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

• Elisabetta Esposito,
• Maddalena Sguizzato,
• Markus Drechsler,
• Paolo Mariani,
• Federica Carducci,
• Claudio Nastruzzi,
• Giuseppe Valacchi and
• Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

• , the emulsion was subjected to ultrasound homogenization at 6.75 kHz for 15 min (Microson ultrasonic Cell Disruptor-XL Minisonix) and allowed to cool at 25 °C. Lipid nanoparticle dispersions were stored at room temperature. In the case of drug-loaded nanoparticles, TOC (0.4–0.8% w/w with respect to the

Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides

• Ediana Paula Rebitski,
• Margarita Darder and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1679–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.163

• or in the process of growing. Examples are the direct assembly of carbon nanotubes and sepiolite under ultrasonic irradiation [19] and the generation of layered titanosilicates in the presence of sepiolite [20]. In this context, the use of organic–inorganic interphases has proved highly effective to

Subsurface imaging of flexible circuits via contact resonance atomic force microscopy

• Wenting Wang,
• Chengfu Ma,
• Yuhang Chen,
• Lei Zheng,
• Huarong Liu and
• Jiaru Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1636–1647, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.159

• advantages of easy operation and no special requirements for the tip and sample. In this method, the tip–sample contact is modulated with ultrasonic vibrations and the contact resonance of the AFM probe is monitored while scanning in contact mode. CR-AFM was started from the so-called atomic force acoustic

Direct observation of oxygen-vacancy formation and structural changes in Bi₂WO₆ nanoflakes induced by electron irradiation

• Hong-long Shi,
• Bin Zou,
• Zi-an Li,
• Min-ting Luo and
• Wen-zhong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1434–1442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.141

• = 5.4063(4) Å, b = 16.4186(0) Å, and c = 5.4319(7) Å. An extraordinary strong (200) reflection in the SAED pattern indicates the strong preferred orientation of the flake-like nanocrystallites. This effect is further enhanced in TEM experiments because the ultrasonic treatment in absolute ethyl alcohol

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• of chitosan (CHI) and different proportions (Table 2) of SEP/HNTs/GNPs/MWCNTs were prepared at overall concentrations of 0.2% w/v and 8% w/v, respectively. First, the appropriate amounts of both nanoclays and GNPs/MWCNTs were dispersed in bi-distilled water and exposed to pulsed ultrasonic waves

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

• Qura Tul Ain,
• Samina Hyder Haq,
• Abeer Alshammari,
• Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
• Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

• graphene oxide For PEGylation, the sheets of GO were cracked into nano-graphene oxide (nGO) by an ultrasonic probe at 200 W for 3 h [29]. Then, the nGO solution (2 mg/mL) was neutralized by repeated rinsing and was purified through filtration using a Millex® syringe filter (0.45 μm). Finally, 400 mg of

Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

• Tzuriel Levin,
• Hagit Sade,
• Rina Ben-Shabbat Binyamini,
• Maayan Pour,
• Iftach Nachman and
• Jean-Paul Lellouche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 811–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.81

• . Preparation of WS2-NT-CM nanocomposite WS2-NTs (15 mg, NanoMaterials Ltd., Yavne, Israel; Lot number: TWPO-MA018) were dispersed in ddH2O (15 mL) using an ultrasonic probe (set to reach 3.7 KJ, with 20% amplitude) for 7 min at room temperature. Then, the aqueous CAN-mag dispersion (550 µL) was added (this

• of polymer-functionalized WS2-NT-CM nanocomposites WS2-NT-CM (20 mg) was dispersed in ddH2O (75 mL) using an ultrasonic bath. Then, polyethylenimine (11.5 mg, branched PEI, Mw ≈ 25000, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, US) dissolved in ddH2O (1 mL) was added. The mixture was shaken at 15 °C for 48 h (220

Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

• Miguel A. Andrés,
• Clemence Sicard,
• Christian Serre,
• Olivier Roubeau and
• Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

• suspensions were prepared from dry powders using a Selecta Ultrasons 3000683 ultrasonic bath (30 min) and magnetic stirring at room temperature overnight. In all cases, the suspensions were also sonicated for 30 min before using them for Langmuir/Langmuir–Blodgett film preparation. Langmuir–Blodgett films

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• % purity). Then, the suspension was placed in an ultrasonic bath during 30 min at room temperature. Thereafter, the suspension was deposited onto screen-printed alumina substrates by employing an airbrushing technique. Finally, the MWCNTs were decorated with gold nanoparticles by a sputtering method. An

Development of an anti-pollution coating process technology for the application of an on-site PV module

• Sejin Jung,
• Wonseok Choi,
• Jung Hyun Kim and
• Jang Myoun Ko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 332–336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.32

• coat various materials, such as metals, ceramics, and glass [9]. Before coating the glass slide substrates, the substrates were subjected to ultrasonic cleaning for 10 min in, consecutively, trichloroethylene, acetone, methanol and deionized water (DI water). The substrates were coated with the coating

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• an X-ray energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS) and a transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL JEM-2100). The preparation process of the TEM sample was as follows: Firstly, the active materials were scraped off with a knife. Then the materials were dispersed in ethanol with ultrasonic vibration

Uniform Sb₂S₃ optical coatings by chemical spray method

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

• uniform thickness. First, amorphous Sb2S3 layers, likely forming by 3D Volmer–Weber island growth through a molten phase reaction between SbCl3 and SC(NH2)2, were deposited in air on a glass/ITO/TiO2 substrate by ultrasonic spraying of methanolic Sb/S 1:3 molar ratio solution at 200–210 °C. Second, we

• were investigated using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy. We demonstrated that Sb2S3 optical coatings with controllable structure, morphology and optical properties can be deposited by ultrasonic spray

• pyrolysis in air by tuning of the deposition temperature, the Sb/S precursor molar ratio in the spray solution, and the post-deposition treatment temperature. Keywords: antimony sulfide; thin films; ultrasonic spray; vacuum annealing; Volmer–Weber growth; Introduction Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) is an

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• conductive layer was subsequently annealed in N2 atmosphere for 4 h at 400 °C in a high-temperature P330 furnace from Nabertherm. The planar substrates were then coated with Ru/C layers via laser-induced deposition. The precursor solution was prepared by ultrasonic dissolving of 1 mg of triruthenium

Pull-off and friction forces of micropatterned elastomers on soft substrates: the effects of pattern length scale and stiffness

• Peter van Assenbergh,
• Marike Fokker,
• Julian Langowski,
• Jan van Esch,
• Marleen Kamperman and
• Dimitra Dodou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 79–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.8

• a terminal PDMS layer. Following Akerboom et al. [30], residual particles were removed from the sample by cleaning it with Scotch Magic Tape, and by immersing it in NMP for 1 h under stirring. Subsequently, while still immersed in NMP, the sample was placed in an ultrasonic bath for 1 min. Dimples

• an ultrasonic bath for 1 min. Dimples without a terminal layer from microscale particles: Dimple arrays without a terminal layer from microscale particles were fabricated according to pathway 3 in Figure 1. Dimple arrays with a terminal layer were first fabricated as described in the previous

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• , followed by 5 min of ultrasonic treatment. The samples were then left for about 10 min to evaporate the ethanol. Afterwards, they were dripped on the surface of carbon-coated copper grids. Sizes of crystallites were measured with the ImageJ software [34], using representative TEM images. Average values

Near-infrared light harvesting of upconverting NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺-based amorphous silicon solar cells investigated by an optical filter

• Daiming Liu,
• Qingkang Wang and
• Qing Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2788–2793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.260

• %), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 98+%), ammonium fluoride (NH4F, 98+%) and oleic acid (OA, 90+%) were used as starting materials. 4.5 mL of NaOH solution (5 mol/L) was mixed with ethanol (15 mL) and OA (15 mL) under ultrasonic treatment. Next, to the resulting transparent solution was successively added 6 mL of

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• #2000 successively, thereafter immersed in ethanol (Sigma-Aldrich), placed in ultrasonic bath, for 15 min, and dried under N2 flow. An ethylene glycol-based solution with a concentration of 0.1M NH4F (96% purity, Alfa-Aesar) and 2% w/w deionized water was used as electrolyte. A Pt foil (99.9% purity

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• small amount of DI water and added to the D-glucose solution. A specific volume was set to obtain a glucose concentration of 0.75 mol L−1. The (combined) solution was treated in an ultrasonic bath for 45 min in order to break agglomerates and obtain a homogeneous suspension. For the hydrothermal

High-throughput micro-nanostructuring by microdroplet inkjet printing

• Hendrikje R. Neumann and
• Christine Selhuber-Unkel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2372–2380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.222

• ][35]. Poly(styrene-b-2-vinylpyridine) (PS(79000)-P2VP(36500), 4 mg/mL, Polymer Source, Canada) was dissolved in o-xylene (p.A., Merck, Germany) and loaded with hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) (Aldrich, Germany) in a molecular ratio of 0.4. The substrates were cleaned in an acetone ultrasonic bath for

Hierarchical heterostructures of Bi₂MoO₆ microflowers decorated with Ag₂CO₃ nanoparticles for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic removal of toxic pollutants

• Shijie Li,
• Wei Jiang,
• Shiwei Hu,
• Yu Liu,
• Yanping Liu,
• Kaibing Xu and
• Jianshe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2297–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.214

• glycol with the aid of ultrasonic treatment. Then Bi(NO3)3·5H2O (2 mmol) was also dissolved in the above solution in the same way. Subsequently, the solution was magnetically stirred for 1 h, and then loaded into a 100 mL Teflon container and reacted at 160 °C for 25 h. After the reaction system had

Self-assembled quasi-hexagonal arrays of gold nanoparticles with small gaps for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Emre Gürdal,
• Simon Dickreuter,
• Fatima Noureddine,
• Pascal Bieschke,
• Dieter P. Kern and
• Monika Fleischer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1977–1985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.188

• cleaned with acetone in an ultrasonic bath for two minutes. Then they were rinsed with isopropanol, and finally dried with nitrogen gas. A symmetric diblock copolymer (polystyrene-block-poly-2-vinylpyridine, PS(133000)-block-P2VP(132000), polymer source) was dissolved in toluene at a concentration of 1 mg

A visible-light-controlled platform for prolonged drug release based on Ag-doped TiO₂ nanotubes with a hydrophobic layer

• Caihong Liang,
• Jiang Wen and
• Xiaoming Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1793–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.170

• , in the second stage, the lower layer was prepared by increasing the voltage from 20 to 60 V at the same rate, and then holding for 23 min. Finally, all samples were cleaned using distilled water in an ultrasonic bath and then desiccated. All the obtained TNT arrays were annealed at 450 °C for 2 h in

Photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in nematic liquid crystals in electric fields

• Margarita A. Kurochkina,
• Elena A. Konshina and
• Daria Khmelevskaia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1544–1549, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.145

• (NIOPIK, Moscow, Russia) with dielectric constants = 16.0 and = 5.5, and the isotropic–nematic transition temperature of 62 °C has been used in the study. The dry QDs were mixed with LC for 30 min in an ultrasonic bath. The concentration of QDs was 1 wt %. We have used plane-parallel LC cells consisting

Single-crystalline FeCo nanoparticle-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties

• Rasha Ghunaim,
• Maik Scholz,
• Christine Damm,
• Bernd Rellinghaus,
• Rüdiger Klingeler,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Michael Mertig and
• Silke Hampel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1024–1034, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.95

• and no further purification was performed. The solutions were combined in a stoichiometric ratio with respect to the metal ions (i.e., Fe/Co 1:1), where about 100 mg of MWNTs were added and the mixture was treated in an ultrasonic bath for 45 min at room temperature. The mixture was then vacuum

Enzymatically promoted release of organic molecules linked to magnetic nanoparticles

• Chiara Lambruschini,
• Silvia Villa,
• Luca Banfi,
• Fabio Canepa,
• Fabio Morana,
• Annalisa Relini,
• Paola Riani,
• Renata Riva and
• Fulvio Silvetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 986–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.92

• to ultrasonic vibrations to decrease the aggregation, and deposited on a lacey carbon copper grid. TGA was performed using a Labsys EVO Setaram instrument. Approximately 5 mg of sample was weighed in an open alumina crucible and heated from 50 °C to 1000 °C in He flux (20 mL/min) with a heating rate