Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• to the healing process through their porous and flexible three-dimensional structure. They can increase the permeability of gases and liquids and reduce infection by bacteria because of their high filtration efficiency. Also, there is the great possibility of adding other functional moieties into the

• regeneration of damaged bone tissue can take several weeks or even months, it is important to select a polymeric matrix capable of releasing drugs over an extended period of time to achieve optimum therapeutic efficiency. The polymer must also be chosen in accordance with the targeted release mechanism. It is

• for bone regeneration. Small fiber diameter, high surface area-to-volume ratio, high porosity, and the nanoscale biological structure of the natural extracellular matrix give nanofibers superiority in the treatment of bone regeneration and increase the treatment efficiency. Polymeric nanofibers can be

Identification of structural features of surface modifiers in engineered nanostructured metal oxides regarding cell uptake through ML-based classification

• Indrasis Dasgupta,
• Totan Das,
• Biplab Das and
• Shovanlal Gayen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 909–924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.75

• governing the cellular uptake of ENMOs. The study will direct scientists in the design of ENMOs of higher cellular uptake efficiency for better therapeutic response. Keywords: Bayesian classification; cellular uptake; machine learning; nanoparticles (NPs); Introduction In recent years, the rapid

• implications for the rational design of ENMOs with tailored properties for biomedical applications, ensuring their higher efficiency. Materials and Methods Preparation of datasets The current study was performed employing the experimental cellular uptake data of 109 chemically attached surface modifiers of

Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures

• Qinsong Zhu,
• Chen Zhang,
• Fuhang Yu and
• Yan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70

• the cooling capability of turbine blades by adding grooves to the blade tips of axial turbines. Experimental and numerical simulation results showed that the addition of grooves increased turbine efficiency by 0.2% and 0.38%, respectively. In order to reduce aerodynamic losses in turbines caused by

• tip leakage, Parkash et al. [19] added grooves at the blade tips and verified their effectiveness through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. After the incorporation of grooves, the turbine efficiency improved by 0.1% to 0.2%. It is evident that arranging microstructures on blade surfaces

• improve the processing efficiency. Third, the high-quality blade models were obtained by finishing the rough blade models. Finally, the microtextures were machined on the blade surfaces; this step was also divided into roughening and finishing because the end milling tool would break if the tool with a

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• are evaluated for photodegradation (PD) of methylene blue under solar simulator irradiation. Our findings revealed that WS2 exhibited the highest PD efficiency of 67.6% and achieved an impressive PD rate constant of 6.1 × 10−3 min−1. Conversely, MoS2 displayed a somewhat lower PD performance of 43.5

• % but demonstrated remarkable stability. The intriguing result of this study relies on the synergetic effect observed when both MoS2 and WS2 are combined in a ratio of 20% of MoS2 and 80% of WS2. This precise blend resulted in an optimized PD efficiency and exceptional stability reaching 97% upon

• oxidative polymerization achieved a photodegradation efficiency of 96.15% in 180 min by using 100 mg of the catalyst to degrade 5 mg/L of MB [25]. Nevertheless, most of the reported studies concerned the use of complex heterostructure-based devices and a very high quantity of catalysts, which is not

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• execution in an open system, accomplishing synthesis within significantly shorter durations (from 48 s up to 6 min) than those reported in the aforementioned literature [48]. Mild growth conditions enhance the appeal of the technology by fostering energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and safety. It aligns

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• NIR/IR region enhances the efficiency of light absorption and scattering, which is a million times more intense than that of conventionally used organic dyes [15]. The NIR/IR wavelengths have the ability to penetrate biological tissues without using invasive modalities for diagnostic or therapeutic

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• , swimming at 10 µm·s−1) will stop immediately, that is, within 10−6 s and 10−10 m [100]. In this viscosity-dominated regime, because there is no inertia to depend on, microorganisms must constantly deform body parts in a non-time-reversible fashion to swim. Therefore, swimming efficiency depends on the

• circular trajectories hinders the cell’s ability to explore the surface thoroughly. Thus, possibly with the help of the other hairs, E. coli near the surface can transiently attach to the surface to break the circular trajectories, thus, pushing their exploration efficiency close to the theoretical optimum

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• efficiency and gas formation. Scaramuzza et al. found varying ablation rates and cavitation bubble sizes depending on the used additive–solvent combination [20], and Zhang et al. found higher yields of gases when working in ethanol–water mixtures [44]. This enhanced gas production can be used to alter the

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• ). The special structure of nanoflowers improves the stability and efficiency of the surface reaction [24]. Furthermore, prior research has verified that radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia can significantly improve the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy at approximately 42 °C [25][26][27

• can alleviate tumor hypoxia and regulate TME to improve antitumor efficiency. In addition, PEG-modified NFs may significantly enhance passive targeting and retention via the EPR effect, thus enhancing their efficacy in cancer treatment [30]. The Fe3O4 NCs, Fe3O4 NCs-CUR layer nanoparticles (CUR-Fe NPs

• this percentage increased to 42% at pH 5.0 (Figure 4a). These results indicate that RF heating enhances degradation of NFs. Due to their structure, CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs efficiently increased the drug loading efficiency (DLE) of CUR and improved its stability. The drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE) and DLE

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light. The catalyst can be recycled with an external magnetic field and displays suitable stability. Also, it was reused in three successive experiments with a loss of efficiency of about 5%. The CF/GQDs are considered as an efficient photocatalyst for MB

• the supernatant, the MB concentration was determined via absorption spectroscopy at a wavelength of 664 nm. The photochemical degradation efficiency of MB was calculated according to formula where C0 and Ct are the MB concentration at the beginning and at time t, respectively. Effect of pH value The

• . Then, the material was separated from the solution, and the MB concentration was determined to evaluate the MB decomposition efficiency. Reusability Reusability and stability of the CoFe2O4/GQDs were assessed in three cycles of 120 min. After each cycle, the catalyst was separated from the MB solution

Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• observed in similar formulations loaded with DCS nanocrystals. The DCS nanocrystals exhibited substantially higher performance in transdermal delivery efficiency compared to that of commercial DCS powder. As shown in Table 2 and Figure 4, in the long-term release experiment, DCS nanocrystals (Formulation B

Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• occurs when the electron energy matches that of an anion state. Other dissociation channels, such as neutral dissociation (ND) and dissociative ionization (DI), are threshold processes, but their efficiency declines above roughly 100 eV because the interaction time with the molecule becomes too short

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• sites are responsible for the adsorption, activation, and dissociation of the reactants, while the desorption occurs at the gold sites. The combination of multiple metals significantly improves the catalytic efficiency through synergistic effects. The nanocomposites not only disrupt the redox

• better anti-aging properties than natural curcumin. By encapsulating curcumin in nanocarriers or by conjugating it to metal oxide nanoparticles, the solubility and bioavailability of curcumin have been substantially improved, leading to a rise in its pharmacological efficiency [136][137][138][139

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• and particular factors leading to this situation. General barriers to the development of nanomedicines Typical challenges in pharmaceutical development result from low efficiency and high attrition rate [109]. Unfortunately, these challenges are magnified in nanomedicine development [1][82][110], and

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

• were obtained by using a Pλ around 0.1 mW chosen as a good compromise between mitigating laser effects and maintaining measurement efficiency to ensure the accuracy of the Raman criteria discussed in the next part of this paper. In summary, unless specified otherwise, all Raman spectra reported and

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• neurotransmitter naturally occurring in the brain and can spontaneously polymerize into polydopamine (PDA) under alkaline conditions without oxidants [22]. Polydopamine can form a coating with biocompatibility advantages, achieving up to 40% photothermal conversion efficiency, nanoscale dimensions, and

• customizable morphology [23][24]. Additionally, the photothermal conversion efficiency of PDA, PDA concentration, reaction time, and PDA thickness can be adjusted. Importantly, PDA exhibits a 40% photothermal conversion rate with excellent photothermal stability, indicating its significant potential as a NIR

• morphology and a size of 18 nm. After coating with PDA at different ratios, the size reaches up to 28, 61, and 225 nm. Another point is that PEGylation has been applied using SH-PEG polymer to enhance biocompatibility. Notably, our study demonstrates a significantly higher drug loading efficiency of 98

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• ωm, quality factor Qm, and spring constant k of the cantilever. These trade-offs affect the transduction efficiency and force sensitivity. Although a large single-photon coupling rate g0 is desirable, we prioritize a cavity that we can pump to large intra-cavity photon numbers while maintaining

Quantitative wear evaluation of tips based on sharp structures

• Ke Xu and
• Houwen Leng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 230–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.22

• topography accurately. In contrast to the blind reconstruction algorithm, when using sharp structures to characterize the tip topography, the tip morphology is mainly reflected in the sharp feature structures on the sample. Figure 2 illustrates the modeling process. To enhance accuracy and efficiency of

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

• Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
• Ian Rouse,
• Julia Subbotina and
• Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

• , this improved algorithm addresses computational efficiency concerns and more accurately represents long-term scenarios during protein corona formation. As shown in the Figure, these algorithmic improvements have a profound impact on the mass concentration of milk proteins on metallic surfaces

Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics

• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan-Thang Cao,
• Vy Tran-Anh and
• Hieu Vu Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17

• tumor treatment [27], and PLGA-chlorambucil nanoparticles have been developed for the treatment of breast cancer [28]. Due to the efficiency of CHL in cancer treatment, CHL has been used as a drug model in order to evaluate our formulated NPs. Therefore, in this study, we propose to develop a carrier

• purification and freeze-drying. The results showed that there was approx. 0.5% of CHL in the NPs (Table 2). The encapsulation efficiency of the single emulsion was approx. 5%. However, it was reported that the encapsulation efficiency could be increased up to 92% using the double emulsion method [28] or to 70

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• was determined. The resistivity of the layers was determined using impedance spectroscopy. Simulations (General-Purpose Photovoltaic Device Model) showed a performance improvement in the cells with quantum dots of 0.36–1.45% compared to those without quantum dots. Keywords: efficiency; luminescence

• [39][40]. One of the main existing challenges in synthesizing QDs is to increase their photoluminescence efficiency while simultaneously shifting the photoluminescence maximum to longer wavelengths. Initial applications focused on OLEDs. CdSe/ZnS quantum dots are luminescent inorganic nanostructures

• -transport and smoothing layer. Concerning the postulated use of nanorods as acceptors, weight ratios in the active layer of P3HT:PCB71M:QD of 2:1:1 were used so that the weight ratio of donor:acceptors is 1:1. The device efficiency achieved in the simulations in both architectures was increased relative to

Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface

• Inés Peraile,
• Matilde Gil-García,
• Laura González-López,
• Nushin A. Dabbagh-Escalante,
• Juan C. Cabria-Ramos and
• Paloma Lorenzo-Lozano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8

• efficiency. In this paper, we want to deepen the study of other key points, such as the reuse and stability of these nanofibres, in order to assess their profitability. On the one hand, the reusability of nanofibres has been studied using different stripping treatments at different pH values on the nylon

• ability for a longer time than the specialised planar surface. In conclusion, nylon nanofibres seem to be a very good choice as an antibody immobilisation surface, offering not only higher immunocapture efficiency, but also more cost efficiency as they are reusable and stable. Keywords: biosensor

• applications, such as the immobilisation of enzymes and microorganisms [12][13], and the immobilisation of antibody in enzyme immunoassays [14]. Nylon 6 (or polyamide 6, PA6) nanofibers (NFs) have been used as an immobilisation surface in biosensors [15]. Efficiency studies of nanofibres manufactured by

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• release from the BBR/PLA and BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffolds was investigated in relation to their chemical characteristics, BBR dispersion into nanofibers, and wettability. The BBR release profiles strongly influenced the antibacterial efficiency of the scaffolds over time. When the BBR was loaded, the

• in the nanofiber matrix, which could allow the gradual diffusion of BBR inside the nanofibers to the aqueous medium. Antibacterial performance of BBR-loaded nanofiber scaffolds To evaluate the antibacterial efficiency of BBR-loaded nanofiber scaffolds in the relationship with their BBR release

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• the morphology also facilitates the penetration by the electrolyte, the diffusion of ions to electroactive sites, and the rapid release of the reaction, thus promoting the kinetics of the reaction and achieving higher efficiency of the catalyst built into the 3D structure [19]. The hydrogel matrix

• porous structure is capable of swelling and thus accommodating large amounts of ionic liquids. Moreover, the swollen hydrogel structure provides constant access of electrolyte molecules/ions to the catalyst particles, increasing the speed and efficiency of the electrochemical reaction [20]. The swelling

• to electroactive sites, and the rapid release of the reaction, thus promoting the kinetics of the reaction and achieving higher efficiency of the catalyst built into the hydrogel structure [19][21]. The condition which must be met for hydrogels to be used in energy conversion systems is their

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• , lipid nanoparticles, nano- and microemulsions, liposomes, or metallic nanoparticles [68]. Costa-Lima and colleagues incorporated bisnaphthalimidopropyldiaaminooctane (BNIPDaoct) into PLGA polymeric nanoparticles and obtained particles with sizes around 150 nm, with encapsulation efficiency around 90

• , PdI <0.2, zeta potential of + 35 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 92%. Curcumin-entrapped nanoliposomes showed leishmanicidal activity (in vitro) against the promastigotes of Leishmania major, whose IC50 values were 6.41, 3.80, and 2.33 μg/mL for the incubation times of 24, 48, and 72 h

• mannose-conjugated curcumin–chitosan nanoparticles (curc-MCNPs) intended for visceral leishmaniasis [50]. The selected nanoparticles (curc-MCNPs) presented spherical morphology, hydrodynamic mean particle size of 215 nm, PdI of 0.381, zeta potential of +24.37 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 82.12%. Curc