Distinguishing magnetic and electrostatic interactions by a Kelvin probe force microscopy–magnetic force microscopy combination

• Miriam Jaafar,
• Oscar Iglesias-Freire,
• Luis Serrano-Ramón,
• Manuel Ricardo Ibarra,
• Jose Maria de Teresa and
• Agustina Asenjo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 552–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.59

• of the magnetic character of the sample. In addition, by means of variable field MFM [19], the changes in the signal as a function of the external magnetic field can be utilized either to evaluate the coercivity of the MFM probes [20][21] or to analyze the magnetic behavior of micro- and

• nanostructures [22][23], depending on the values of both the tip and sample coercive fields (Htip and Hsample) and the maximum external magnetic field applied (Hmax). Notice that the MFM measurements under an external magnetic field allow us to state the origin of the interaction but cannot remove other

Structural and magnetic properties of ternary Fe_1–xMn_xPt nanoalloys from first principles

• Markus E. Gruner and
• Peter Entel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 162–172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.20

• properties in a close interval of composition and energy gives rise to the hope that this material may allow the selection of specific magnetic or structural modifications with a fairly small energetic effort, which could be provided by an external magnetic field. In this respect, it looks promising that the

• their slope and different magnetic structures become competitive in energy. If composition and degree of order are carefully tuned, it might be possible to select the ferro or ferrimagnetic phase by an external magnetic field, while the ground state is still AF. In fact, Menshikov et al. [73

• ] demonstrated in their experiments, that an external magnetic field can induce a magnetization at finite temperatures in the vicinity of the Néel temperature, which decays again towards high as well as towards low temperatures. The authors explain this fact with the presence of FM clusters with possible

Structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of Fe nanoparticles deposited onto single-crystalline surfaces

• Armin Kleibert,
• Wolfgang Rosellen,
• Mathias Getzlaff and
• Joachim Bansmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 47–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.6

• electron yield at each photon energy and by switching the Ni film magnetization with a short external magnetic field pulse at each data point (a current of ≈100 A through two coils, 180 windings, magnetic field ≈1700 G). The photon helicity was kept fixed. Note that the nanoparticle data in Figure 2b are

Magnetic interactions between nanoparticles

• Steen Mørup,
• Mikkel Fougt Hansen and
• Cathrine Frandsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 182–190, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.22

• tendency for magnetic nanoparticles to form chains, especially if they can move freely in an external magnetic field, for example, if they are suspended in a liquid. If the nanoparticles form chains, a ferromagnetic ordering of the magnetic moments is favored in zero applied field with the magnetization

Magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical NMR-based diagnostics

• Huilin Shao,
• Tae-Jong Yoon,
• Monty Liong,
• Ralph Weissleder and
• Hakho Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 142–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.17

• overall magnetic moments when placed in an external magnetic field but lose their moments when the field is removed. Distinct from paramagnetism, which arises from individual spins at the atomic or molecular level, superparamagnetism applies to magnetic elements that already assume a magnetically-ordered

• magnetization is known to increase with particle size [33]. Ideally, each magnetic spin within a bulk magnetic material would be aligned parallel to the external magnetic field. However, in the nanoscale regime, surface spins tend to be tilted, a feature that reduces the overall magnetic moment. By increasing

• network for sample handling, and a small permanent magnet for generating an external magnetic field. The first μNMR prototype was designed with a 2 × 4 planar microcoil array that was lithographically patterned onto a glass substrate (Figure 4a) [14]. This array format enabled the performance of parallel

Review and outlook: from single nanoparticles to self-assembled monolayers and granular GMR sensors

• Alexander Weddemann,
• Inga Ennen,
• Anna Regtmeier,
• Camelia Albon,
• Annalena Wolff,
• Katrin Eckstädt,
• Nadine Mill,
• Michael K.-H. Peter,
• Jochen Mattay,
• Carolin Plattner,
• Norbert Sewald and
• Andreas Hütten

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 75–93, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.10

• response to an external magnetic field resembles the Langevin behavior of paramagnetic materials but with the high susceptibility and magnetization values of the ferromagnetic materials they are composed of, compare Figure 7. With even smaller particles, surface effects become dominant and a fully quantum

• structured sample, a suspension of ferromagnetic particles can be placed on the substrate in the presence of an external magnetic field. For manufacturing of particle layers, a homogeneous magnetic field needs to be employed; inhomogeneous fields result in the accumulation of nanoparticles along the area

• configuration of a TMR sensor is shown in Figure 12(b): Two thin ferromagnetic films are separated by an insulating barrier [63]. If the TMR sensor is positioned in an external magnetic field and a bias voltage is applied across the stack, then a quantum mechanical tunneling current flows across the insulator