Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

• Natalie Frese,
• Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
• Christof Neumann,
• Amanda Bowers,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

• various chemical elements have been investigated. In particular, foams from transition metals and noble metals have attracted attention, and interesting applications have been developed. Nickel nanofoam has been used for glucose sensing [1] and also been suggested for high-performance supercapacitor

A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a

• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Kobra Omidfar and
• Hossein Ghanbarian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2023–2036, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.193

• -ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA), streptavidin, K3Fe(CN)6, and K4Fe(CN)6 were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company (USA). Analytical grade HCl, NaCl, D-glucose, glutaraldehyde, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), iodomethane, sodium

• were synthesized using D-glucose as the reducing agent via a typical short procedure at 60 °C [36]. In the following, 200 mg of magnetic NPs was exposed to appropriate amount of previously produced TMC (Fe3O4/TMC molar ratio of 1) in a 20 mL solution containing glutaraldehyde (25%, 2 mL), NaCl (0.5 M

Development of adsorptive membranes by confinement of activated biochar into electrospun nanofibers

• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Mitra Naghdi,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• Emile Knystautas,
• Mausam Verma,
• Rao. Y. Surampalli and
• Jose. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1556–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.149

• metallic ions, malachite green and methylene blue from water. Embedding carbonaceous materials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene in NFMs has been investigated for different applications, such as glucose sensors, hydrogen storage and enzyme immobilization [18][19]. However, to the best of our knowledge

High performance Ce-doped ZnO nanorods for sunlight-driven photocatalysis

• Bilel Chouchene,
• Tahar Ben Chaabane,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Kevin Mozet,
• Ghouti Medjahdi and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1338–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.125

• (Figure 12a) [58]. Glucose, a reducing sugar (100 mg/L), urea (100 mg/L) or Na2S (10 mg/L) only slightly decreased the photodegradation rate of Orange II at pH 7 (Figure 12b). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (10 mg/L) and aniline (10 mg/L) had a more pronounced inhibition effect (degradation of Orange II in

Straightforward and robust synthesis of monodisperse surface-functionalized gold nanoclusters

• Silvia Varela-Aramburu,
• Richard Wirth,
• Chian-Hui Lai,
• Guillermo Orts-Gil and
• Peter H. Seeberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1278–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.118

• conditions including the speed of the stirrer. The influence of the gold to 1-thioglucose ratio on the yield and quality of the glucose-stabilized gold nanoclusters (Glc-NCs) was determined (Table S1, Supporting Information File 1). The nanoclusters aggregated within 5 h at very high ratios of gold ions to 1

• oxidation of hydroxy groups of the carbohydrate as the precursor 1-thio-glucose contains no carbonyl group. The carboxylic acid in the stabilizing agent was confirmed by the XPS O–C=O signal and IR bands at 3270, 1732 and 1014 cm−1 (Figure S9, Supporting Information File 1). To confirm the XPS and IR

• ). Unfunctionalized Glc-NCs fail to aggregate since oxidized thio-glucose is not recognized by ConA (Figure 2C). Glc-NC@Man are monodisperse prior to aggregation by the addition of ConA as judged by TEM (Figure S12, Supporting Information File 1). Nanocluster cytotoxicity was assessed by incubating the nanoclusters

Templated green synthesis of plasmonic silver nanoparticles in onion epidermal cells suitable for surface-enhanced Raman and hyper-Raman scattering

• Marta Espina Palanco,
• Klaus Bo Mogensen,
• Marina Gühlke,
• Zsuzsanna Heiner,
• Janina Kneipp and
• Katrin Kneipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 834–840, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.75

• salts [5][6], but also more eco-friendly compounds such as glucose or starch can be used for the preparation of metal nanoparticles [7][8]. Overall, various reducing and stabilization agents as well as variations in experimental conditions during the preparation process, such as the influence of light

Facile synthesis of water-soluble carbon nano-onions under alkaline conditions

• Gaber Hashem Gaber Ahmed,
• Rosana Badía Laíño,
• Josefa Angela García Calzón and
• Marta Elena Díaz García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 758–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.67

• straightforwardly synthetized via two approaches: a) from fine carbon structures (such as multi-wall nanotubes and graphene) by top-down methods and b) by bottom-up approaches from chemical precursors (such as glucose, citrate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) or from natural products (usually vegetables). Recently

Novel roles for well-known players: from tobacco mosaic virus pests to enzymatically active assemblies

• Claudia Koch,
• Fabian J. Eber,
• Carlos Azucena,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Alexander M. Bittner,
• Holger Jeske,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Fania C. Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 613–629, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.54

• and ZYMV particles. Since diagnostic assays could profit particularly from novel nanosculptured high-density presentation platforms, a glucose-sensing enzyme combination of glucose oxidase (GOx) and signal-generating horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied (see below in Figure 5 and Figure 6). Due to

• enabled a colorimetric detection of catalytic activity and the quantification of glucose [152][166][167]. Specifically, GOx catalyzes glucose oxidation to D-glucono-1,5-lactone, thereby producing hydrogen peroxide [168]. This is a substrate for HRP, which reduces it to water, and, as a side reaction, can

• wet storage with 14 uses or idle, 40 to 50% of the glucose sensing activity was still retained (Figure 6C, bottom and [132]). TMV CP aggregates were able to stabilize the GOx/HRP system to a considerably lesser extent, but significantly superior to plain biotin linkers, whereas directly attached

Surface coating affects behavior of metallic nanoparticles in a biological environment

• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Ivona Capjak,
• Tea Crnković,
• Marija Lovrić,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Ivana Vinković Vrček and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 246–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.23

• about the effects of NPs in a variety of biological systems. Experimental Chemicals and materials If not otherwise stated, chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Munich, Germany). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with 4.5 g·L−1 glucose without L-glutamine and sodium dihydrogen

• several different dispersion protocols: ultrapure water (UW), DMEM high glucose as model biological medium (BM), BM supplemented with 0.1 or 1% BSA (BMP), whole blood (WhBl) and blood plasma (BlPl) taken from the Wistar rat. The aim was to investigate the behavior of each NP after 1 h in different

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• stabilized Au NPs and heparin stabilized Ag NPs were in the range of 7–20 nm and 9–29 nm, respectively [143]. Raveendran et al. reported a method for the synthesis of Au, Ag, and Au-Ag NPs in aqueous media, using glucose as the reductant and starch as stabilizer. The prepared bimetallic NPs were uniform and

• their sizes were within the quantum size domain (less than10 nm), where their electronic properties are size-dependent. They observed no signs of aggregation even after several months of storage [26][108]. He et al. reduced [Ag(NH3)2]+ ions by glucose in aqueous solution and then they added Al(NO3)3

• into solution to synthesize Ag nanosheets. They claimed that the in situ generated Al(OH)3 influenced the formation of Ag nanosheets. The produced nanosheets in 60 min reaction had a thickness of 20–30 nm [111]. Sun and Li produced colloidal carbon micro and nanospheres from glucose in a hydrothermal

Au nanoparticle-based sensor for apomorphine detection in plasma

• Chiara Zanchi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Sebastiano Trusso,
• Ugo de Grazia,
• Emilio Ciusani and
• Paolo M. Ossi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2224–2232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.228

• application of SERS spectroscopy. The Langmuir isotherm was applied to qualitatively describe the concentration dependence and to find a nonlinear calibration curve for ten common narcotic drug analytes [32], while linear regression curves were generated from experimental data for glucose detection [33]. The

An ISA-TAB-Nano based data collection framework to support data-driven modelling of nanotoxicology

• Richard L. Marchese Robinson,
• Mark T. D. Cronin,
• Andrea-Nicole Richarz and
• Robert Rallo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1978–1999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.202

• of the nanomaterial will be evaluated. Hence, they are designed to capture different kinds of experimental variables: (1) those which are relevant to preparation of the biological sample prior to adding the nanomaterial, e.g., the “Factor Value [culture medium glucose supplement]” in

• “s_InvID_InVitro.CB.xls” designed to record whether or not the cells were grown in glucose containing “culture medium”, which may significantly affect the observed toxicity in some in vitro assays [56]; (2) those which are relevant to the preparation of the nanomaterial sample applied to the biological sample, e.g

Optimized design of a nanostructured SPCE-based multipurpose biosensing platform formed by ferrocene-tethered electrochemically-deposited cauliflower-shaped gold nanoparticles

• Wicem Argoubi,
• Maroua Saadaoui,
• Sami Ben Aoun and
• Noureddine Raouafi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1840–1852, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.187

• concentrations of, e.g., biologically active analytes and disease-related biomarkers [9][10]. Many electrochemical biosensors use ferrocene to transduce the biological reactions into readily measurable electrical signals [11][12]. For instance, Chen and Diao developed a glucose biosensor using gold nanoparticles

• that were tethered with a β-cyclodextrin/ferrocene inclusion complex as a transducing system. Connection between gold and the ferrocene host was achieved thanks to a thiol terminal group [13]. The ferrocene complex acted as an electron shuttle allowing for glucose oxidation at low potentials. Li et al

• through a ethylenediamine spacer was prepared by Fan et al. and used as an efficient electron transfer (ET) shuttle to build a sensor for H2O2 [16]. Also, a nanocomposite formed with ferrocene-branched silica material reduced graphene oxide and glucose oxidase entrapped in chitosan matrix and was used for

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• variety of reported methods for the synthesis of colloidal Au nanoparticles all of which are generally based on the reduction of Au salts such as HAuCl4 [31]. In this study, D-glucose, as the reducing agent, was oxidized to gluconic acid, which then forms a very thin layer on the surface of the reduced Au

• nanoparticles. This layer acted to further stabilize the Au nanoparticles via interactions with hydroxyl groups [33][36]. The use of an alkaline solution (NaOH) stimulates the opening of the glucose ring, which facilitates the Au3+ reduction [36]. Through regulation of the reaction conditions and parameters

• purchased from Sigma (UK). T47D human ductal breast epithelial tumor cell line was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (USA). FeCl3·6H2O (99.0%), FeCl2·4H2O (99.0%), NaOH, and acetic acid were purchased from Acros Organics (USA). Analytical HCl, NaCl, D-glucose, glutaraldehyde, N

Heterometal nanoparticles from Ru-based molecular clusters covalently anchored onto functionalized carbon nanotubes and nanofibers

• Deborah Vidick,
• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Michel Devillers,
• Claude Poleunis,
• Arnaud Delcorte,
• Pietro Moggi,
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo and
• Sophie Hermans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1287–1297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.133

• supercritical carbon dioxide [23][24], ultrasonic treatment [25][26] or H2 plasma treatment [27], for instance. Glucose sensors based on PtRu/MWNT have been elaborated as well [28]. These studies on Ru–Pt/MWNT materials give at best global EDX analyses [10][11][17] and XPS results [15]. However, these are both

• glucose [4]. The amount of clusters that can be loaded onto a nanocarbon structure will be evaluated, as well as their behavior during the first steps of thermal treatment, which aims to gently remove the ligands and coalesce the metal cores to form ultrasmall heterometal nanoparticles supported on

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro effects of 7 nm alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles

• Simon Ristig,
• Svitlana Chernousova,
• Wolfgang Meyer-Zaika and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1212–1220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.124

• wet chemical syntheses by co-reduction of gold and silver salts with citrate [18][19], NaBH4 [20] or starch and glucose [21], reduction with hydrazine in water-in-oil emulsions [22], sol–gel processes [23] or UV irradiation [24]. Recently, the generation of alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles by laser

Multifunctional layered magnetic composites

• Maria Siglreitmeier,
• Baohu Wu,
• Tina Kollmann,
• Martin Neubauer,
• Gergely Nagy,
• Dietmar Schwahn,
• Vitaliy Pipich,
• Damien Faivre,
• Dirk Zahn,
• Andreas Fery and
• Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 134–148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.13

• helix of (Gly–Pro–Hyp)n peptides) is contrasted to ion association to chitin. The latter model was chosen as three poly-(1,4)-D-glucose chains of about 40 Å length (which corresponds to nine monomers) stacked in three layers, which are connected by hydrogen bonds. As a starting point, the association of

• to be about 3 Å, whilst the remaining hydroxide ion exhibits an Fe–O distance of 3.2 Å. Colors: Fe2+ (green), Fe3+ (light blue), O (red), H (white), N (dark blue), C (grey). Illustration of a β-chitin model [45] consisting of three poly-(1,4)-D-glucose chains of nine monomers stacked in three layers

The distribution and degradation of radiolabeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and quantum dots in mice

• Denise Bargheer,
• Artur Giemsa,
• Barbara Freund,
• Markus Heine,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Gordon M. Stachowski,
• Stephen G. Hickey,
• Alexander Eychmüller,
• Jörg Heeren and
• Peter Nielsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 111–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.11

• cells were cultured on microscope cover glasses (13 mm diameter, Glaswarenfabrik Karl Hecht KG, Sondheim, Germany) in DMEM medium (10% FCS, 4.5 g/L glucose, [+]glutamine, [−]pyruvate, 1% antimycotic–antibiotic from Invitrogen). The cells were incubated at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• biomedical applications [78]. The GA–BNNTs were found to be nontoxic to MRC-5 cells, but the previous studies claimed that glucosamine prevented the cellular uptake of glucose by pancreatic beta cells and caused cell death [73]. Poly-L-lysine (PLL) is known for its cytocompatibility due to the presence of

Intake of silica nanoparticles by giant lipid vesicles: influence of particle size and thermodynamic membrane state

• Florian G. Strobl,
• Florian Seitz,
• Christoph Westerhausen,
• Armin Reller,
• Adriano A. Torrano,
• Christoph Bräuchle,
• Achim Wixforth and
• Matthias F. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2468–2478, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.256

• Biotium Inc. (Hayward, CA, USA), Na2HPO4, NaH2PO4, sucrose and D-(+)-glucose monohydrate from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). For aqueous solutions ultrapure water (pure Aqua, Germany) with a specific resistance ≥18 MΩ was used. GUVs were prepared by electroformation as described for the first time by

• data can be found in Table 2. The medium used for the experiments was phosphate buffered glucose solution. The buffer was prepared from Na2HPO4 and NaH2PO4 and adjusted to pH 7. The osmolarity was adjusted by addition of glucose to be equal to the osmolarity of the sucrose solution inside the GUVs

• experiment. This procedure is not necessary in the case of gel-phase vesicles. A suitable GUV, i.e., an isolated unilamellar vesicle without membrane inclusions, was chosen for further examination by fluorescence microscopy (Zeiss Axiovert 200M). The nanoparticles dispersed in glucose medium were applied to

Proinflammatory and cytotoxic response to nanoparticles in precision-cut lung slices

• Stephanie Hirn,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Matthias Epple,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Markus Rehberg and
• Fritz Krombach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2440–2449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.253

• [30][48]. Briefly, Ag-NPs were synthesized by reduction with glucose in the presence of PVP and dispersed in ultrapure degassed water. The silver concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) with a detection limit of 1 μg·L−1. SEM was performed with a FEI Quanta 400 ESEM

Coating with luminal gut-constituents alters adherence of nanoparticles to intestinal epithelial cells

• Heike Sinnecker,
• Katrin Ramaker and
• Andreas Frey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2308–2315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.239

• Human Caco-2 BBe1 cells (ATCC, via LGC Standards, Wesel, Germany) of passage 68–73 were maintained in DMEM, high glucose with sodium pyruvate, supplemented with 4 mM L-glutamine, 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10 µg/mL human transferrin and 1% penicillin–streptomycin solution. The cells were cultured at

Anticancer efficacy of a supramolecular complex of a 2-diethylaminoethyl–dextran–MMA graft copolymer and paclitaxel used as an artificial enzyme

• Yasuhiko Onishi,
• Yuki Eshita,
• Rui-Cheng Ji,
• Masayasu Onishi,
• Takashi Kobayashi,
• Masaaki Mizuno,
• Jun Yoshida and
• Naoji Kubota

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2293–2307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.238

• . [53] also showed that triterpenoid compounds such as corosolic acid isolated from apples, which activates the glucose transporter and suppresses the rise of blood glucose levels, inhibit the signal transduction factors related to the differentiation to M2 macrophages, namely, nuclear factor-kappa B

Biopolymer colloids for controlling and templating inorganic synthesis

• Laura C. Preiss,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2129–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.222

• sol, followed by a gelation process, porous hybrid structures can be obtained. Starting from a colloidal suspension of laponite particles, Shi et al. [4] reported the preparation of a nanocomposite matrix of chitosan and clay that was applied as a glucose biosensor. Very recently, da Costa Neto et al

Properties of plasmonic arrays produced by pulsed-laser nanostructuring of thin Au films

• Katarzyna Grochowska,
• Katarzyna Siuzdak,
• Peter A. Atanasov,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Anna Dikovska,
• Nikolay N. Nedyalkov and
• Gerard Śliwiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2102–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.219

• is widely used and investigated because of its stable physical and electrochemical properties and finds application in optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices, as well as in the sensitive detection of species such as glucose, hydrogen peroxide and DNA fragments [56][57]. Samples of the Au–ITO

• solutions of 10 mM K3[Fe(CN)6] + 1 M KCl and 0.1 M NaOH without and with 2 mM of glucose added. The electrolytes were purged with argon for about 1 h prior the measurements, and during the electrochemical tests the Ar-cushion above the electrolyte has been applied. For the samples on ITO substrates, the Au

• electrode (Au-NP20) the sensing capability was observed via electrochemical response towards glucose oxidation and the CV curves were recorded for electrodes immersed in 0.1 M NaOH with and without 2 mM of glucose as shown in Figure 7b. In the range from −0.6 V to +0.7 V the signals corresponding to the