Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

Oxidative stabilization of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and carbon nanofibers containing graphene oxide (GO): a spectroscopic and electrochemical study

• İlknur Gergin,
• Ezgi Ismar and
• A. Sezai Sarac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1616–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.161

• analyzer, and thermal studies are conducted by using thermogravimetric analysis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry are used to investigate capacitive behavior of the products. The proposed equivalent circuit model was consistent with charge-transfer processes taking place at

• (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Electrochemical measurements were performed by using potentiostat 2263 Electrochemical Analyser (Princeton Applied Research, Tennessee, USA). EIS data were simulated with the electrical equivalent circuit by ZSimpWin V.3.10 analysis program

• the low-temperature carbonization process with increasing elimination of other elements (N,H,O) [38][48]. Electrochemical impedance measurements of oxidized PAN nanofibers Electrochemical properties of oxidized PAN nanofibers were analyzed by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS

Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors

• Tomasz Marszalek,
• Maciej Gazicki-Lipman and
• Jacek Ulanski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155

• of organic electronics. One of the early applications of Parylene C encapsulation layer in an electronic structure was that of a microelectrode insulator [65]. The Parylene C-covered iridium and tungsten microelectrodes were investigated by means of in vivo and in vitro impedance tests. In vitro

• unchanged impedance of the microelectrodes protected by Parylene C layers has been recorded for over four months [66]. As another positive result, no destructive influence of the encapsulation material was observed when Parylene C had been employed to protect a pentacene OFET device, where no remarkable

Fabrication of hierarchically porous TiO₂ nanofibers by microemulsion electrospinning and their application as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

• Jin Zhang,
• Yibing Cai,
• Xuebin Hou,
• Xiaofei Song,
• Pengfei Lv,
• Huimin Zhou and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1297–1306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.131

• capability, which stemmed mostly from the hierarchically porous structure and the large specific surface area. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was carried out on the electrode of sample A2 and solid TiO2 nanofibers. Nyquist impedance plots obtained for sample A2 and solid TiO2 nanofibers in a

• presents CV curves and Nyquist impedance plots. Supporting Information File 76: Additional experimental data. Acknowledgements This research was financially supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 111 Project (B17021), Six Talent Peaks Project in

High photocatalytic activity of Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ nanocomposites prepared by photodeposition for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

• Shu Chin Lee,
• Hendrik O. Lintang and
• Leny Yuliati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 915–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.93

• clarified using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Figure 5 shows the Nyquist plots of the unmodified TiO2 (NT) and Fe2O3(0.5)/TiO2 (PD) samples. The arc radius of the Nyquist plot reflects the impedance of the interface layer arising at the electrode surface. The smaller the arc radius the

• better the charge transfer [37]. It is worth noting here that the Fe2O3(0.5)/TiO2 (PD) material has a smaller arc radius than unmodified TiO2. These results clearly suggest that the Fe2O3(0.5)/TiO2 (PD) material has a lower impedance than unmodified TiO2, indicating enhanced conductivity of TiO2 after

• constant, A is the electrode area (cm2), Rct is the charge transfer resistance that can be obtained from the fitted Nyquist plot, and C° is the concentration of the redox couple in the bulk solution (ferricyanide/ferrocyanide) [38]. From the fitted impedance data shown in Figure 5, the Fe2O3(0.5)/TiO2 (PD

First examples of organosilica-based ionogels: synthesis and electrochemical behavior

• Andreas Taubert,
• Ruben Löbbicke,
• Barbara Kirchner and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.77

• -act X-ray detector. Prior to measurements the samples were coated with a 100 nm carbon layer using a POLARON CC7650 Carbon Coater. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). For EIS the dry IGs were contacted with a graphite paper layer and sandwiched between platinum electrodes. The graphite paper

• of the samples, i.e., the conductivity and the dielectric behavior as given by the intercept of the curve with the x-axis and in the high frequency domain, respectively. Conductivity measurements were performed by the complex impedance method carried out with a Solartron 1174 frequency analyzer. The

• frequency range was from 1 to 106 Hz and the temperature cycle was between 258 and 473 K as a cooling/heating/cooling sequence. The customary model using constant phase elements was applied to simulate the impedance spectra. After removal of the geometric capacitance of the cell, the impedance plots were

Carbon nanotube-wrapped Fe₂O₃ anode with improved performance for lithium-ion batteries

• Guoliang Gao,
• Yan Jin,
• Qun Zeng,
• Deyu Wang and
• Cai Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 649–656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.69

• oxygen levels of less than 0.1 ppm. The assembled cells were kept at room temperature for 12 h before electrochemical performance test Electrochemical performance of the assembled cells were then tested by galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance

• rate of 0.05 mV·s−1. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was carried out at a frequency range 10 mHz to 1 MHz with an AC amplitude of 10 mV. Both CV and EIS measurements were carried out on an electrochemical workstation (Ametek 1470E) Results and Discussion Figure 1a shows XRD spectra of Fe2O3/COOH

Computing the T-matrix of a scattering object with multiple plane wave illuminations

• Martin Fruhnert,
• Ivan Fernandez-Corbaton,
• Vassilios Yannopapas and
• Carsten Rockstuhl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 614–626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.66

• -handed circularly polarized light. For the following considerations it is beneficial to introduce shortly the concept of duality symmetry. In free space, Maxwell’s equations are invariant under the transformation [47] where E is the electric field, H is the magnetic field, Z is the impedance and θ is an

Phosphorus-doped silicon nanorod anodes for high power lithium-ion batteries

• Chao Yan,
• Qianru Liu,
• Jianzhi Gao,
• Zhibo Yang and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 222–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.24

• electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) was measured at the voltages of 2.6 V and 0.7 V and the Nyquist plots are shown in Figure 3b. At a voltage of 2.7 V, both CuO and Si were not lithiated and CuO could be totally lithiated at 0.7 V. The reduction in the semicircular nature in the Nyquist plot characteristics

• (DEC) (1:1 in volume). Galvanostatic cycling was carried out on a multichannel cell test instrument (Neware BTS-610). Cyclic voltammogramms (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) were measured using an electrochemical workstation (Metrohm, Autolab302N). The voltage cut-off window for

Nanocrystalline TiO₂/SnO₂ heterostructures for gas sensing

• Barbara Lyson-Sypien,
• Anna Kusior,
• Mieczylaw Rekas,
• Jan Zukrowski,
• Marta Gajewska,
• Katarzyna Michalow-Mauke,
• Thomas Graule,
• Marta Radecka and
• Katarzyna Zakrzewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 108–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.12

• heterojunctions for hydrogen sensing. Nanopowders of pure SnO2, 90 mol % SnO2/10 mol % TiO2, 10 mol % SnO2/90 mol % TiO2 and pure TiO2 have been obtained using flame spray synthesis (FSS). The samples have been characterized by BET, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, Mössbauer effect and impedance spectroscopy. Gas-sensing

• investigated by impedance spectroscopy (IS) in the temperature range from 20 to 550 °C in air. The impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed with a Solatron system (Fra 1260 + dielectric interface 1294). Experimental parameters and data acquisitions were controlled with the FRA software. A frequency

• range from 1 to 106 Hz was covered, with 10 mV amplitude. The impedance spectra were analyzed using the ZView software. An equivalent circuit containing one resistor and a constant phase element (CPE) was used for fitting. In order to perform gas sensing measurements, the nanosensors were prepared in

Sub-nanosecond light-pulse generation with waveguide-coupled carbon nanotube transducers

• Felix Pyatkov,
• Svetlana Khasminskaya,
• Vadim Kovalyuk,
• Frank Hennrich,
• Manfred M. Kappes,
• Gregory N. Goltsman,
• Wolfram H. P. Pernice and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 38–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.5

• transducers follows the electrical signal for a pulse width ranging from 5 to 200 ns, albeit deviations are clearly visible. The dips at the relative times of 25 and 75 ns, after the electrical bias was switched on, might originate from the impedance mismatch between the pulse generator output and the RF

• signal along with a small bump at 0.4 ns occurs because of impedance mismatch. Funding R.K. and F.P. acknowledge funding by the Volkswagen Foundation. W.P. acknowledges support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grants PE 1832/1-1 & PE 1832/2-1 and the Helmholtz Association through grant HIRG

A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a

• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Kobra Omidfar and
• Hossein Ghanbarian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2023–2036, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.193

• miRNA were confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used for quantitative evaluation of miR-106a via recording the reduction peak current of gold nanoparticles. The electrochemical signal had a linear

• attractive targets for the construction of electrochemical nanobiosensors [8][21][28]. There are numerous studies on fabricating electrochemical nanobiosensors for the detection of label-free or labeled miRNA. Although biosensors based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) offered a label-free

Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li_1.4Ni_0.5Mn_0.5O_2+x-based cathode materials

• Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
• Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
• Oleg A. Brylev,
• Dmitry I. Petukhov and
• Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

• oxidation of the electrolyte upon cycling. Electrochemical impedance (EI) measurements were performed to investigate the details of the lithium insertion-extraction processes in LNM/C nanocomposite cathodes (Figure 5A–D). All the plots are mainly composed of a small intercept at high frequencies, a

• semicircle at high to medium frequencies and a linear part in the low-frequency region. The real and complex EI parts are normalized to the real surface area of each electrode calculated according to the procedure described earlier [31]. The impedance spectra are fitted using the equivalent circuit model

• resistance and the double-layer capacitance, respectively. Zw represents the diffusion-controlled Warburg impedance in the low-frequency region [34][35]. Concerning the 1st cycle, the values of Rct are almost identical for pure Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x and LMN/C nanocomposites (Figure 5А,С). However, after

Layered composites of PEDOT/PSS/nanoparticles and PEDOT/PSS/phthalocyanines as electron mediators for sensors and biosensors

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• José Antonio De Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1948–1959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.186

• with PEDOT/PSS/LuPc2 electrodes where a strong decrease in the oxidation peak voltage was not observed [33]. The electrocatalytic properties of the layered composite PEDOT/PSS/EM electrodes were further investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). At −0.5 V, a RMS sine wave was

• processes, and the diameter is equivalent to the electron transfer resistance (Rct). The impedance parameters were derived using a Randels equivalent circuit. The whole interface impedance was modelled by a constant phase element (CPE) (Equation 1 and Table 2): where CCPE and αCPE are the capacitance and

• the electron transfer due to the high electrical conductivity demonstrated in the impedance experiments. In the case of PEDOT/PSS/EM enzymatic biosensors, the main amplification occurred in the cathodic wave. For this reason, the study of the LD was carried out only in the cathodic reduction peak

Generalized Hertz model for bimodal nanomechanical mapping

• Aleksander Labuda,
• Marta Kocuń,
• Waiman Meinhold,
• Deron Walters and
• Roger Proksch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 970–982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.89

• complex-valued cantilever impedance [70] where the angular frequency is defined as ω = 2πf. The subscript “c” reminds that kc, mc, bc are properties of the cantilever (prior to the tip–sample interaction) that do not change throughout the experiment. A “reference” measurement of this cantilever impedance

• imaginary components of both equations and solving for the driving force: In the presence of some interaction, the cantilever impedance is subject to a time-averaged change in stiffness Δk and a time-averaged change in damping Δb, such that the interaction impedance The interaction impedance is inferred

Reconstitution of the membrane protein OmpF into biomimetic block copolymer–phospholipid hybrid membranes

• Matthias Bieligmeyer,
• Franjo Artukovic,
• Stephan Nussberger,
• Thomas Hirth,
• Thomas Schiestel and
• Michaela Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 881–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.80

• molecular weight of the block copolymers. At low voltages, the channel conductance of OmpF in 1 M KCl was around 2.3 nS. In line with these experiments, integration of OmpF was also revealed by impedance spectroscopy. Our results indicate that blending synthetic polymer membranes with phospholipids allows

• to retain the polymeric character of the membranes, the amount of lipid used was limited to 10 mol %. Eventually, membranes were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy, voltage clamp measurements and impedance spectroscopy. Results and Discussion Block copolymer synthesis Poly(1,4-isoprene

• ). Pure DPhPC vesicles prepared under similar conditions were significantly smaller than those composed of PIPEO and DPhPC (Figure 2B). They revealed completely different morphologies than the lipopolymersomes. Using impedance spectroscopy, we attempted to gain insight into the electrical properties of

Reorientation of single-wall carbon nanotubes in negative anisotropy liquid crystals by an electric field

• Amanda García-García,
• Ricardo Vergaz,
• José F. Algorri,
• Gianluigi Zito,
• Teresa Cacace,
• Antigone Marino,
• José M. Otón and
• Morten A. Geday

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 825–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.74

• system where the liquid crystal orientation effect has been isolated. Complementary studies including Raman spectroscopy, microscopic inspection and impedance studies were carried out. The results reveal an ordered reorientation of the CNTs induced by an electric field, which does not alter the

• orientation of the liquid crystal molecules. Moreover, impedance spectroscopy suggests a nonnegligible anchoring force between the CNTs and the liquid crystal molecules. Keywords: Anchoring; carbon nanotubes; impedance; liquid crystal; negative anisotropy; Raman spectroscopy; reorientation; single-wall CNTs

• negative LC matrix and the macroscopic impedance of a liquid crystal cell filled with negative LC doped with SWCNTs. In order to separate the field induced switching of the LC and the SWCNTs, a cells with homogenously aligned LC of negative dielectric anisotropy is employed. The SWCNT switching pattern in

Gold nanoparticles covalently assembled onto vesicle structures as possible biosensing platform

• M. Fátima Barroso,
• M. Alejandra Luna,
• Juan S. Flores Tabares,
• Cristina Delerue-Matos,
• N. Mariano Correa,
• Fernando Moyano and
• Patricia G. Molina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 655–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.58

• electrochemical impedance spectroscopy or square wave voltammetry [22][23]. It is known that antibodies can be immobilized onto AuNPs without losing their biological properties [24][25]. Thus, the covalent immobilization of vesicles decorated with AuNPs on a gold surface could increase the amount of immobilized

Functional fusion of living systems with synthetic electrode interfaces

• Oskar Staufer,
• Sebastian Weber,
• C. Peter Bengtson,
• Hilmar Bading,
• Joachim P. Spatz and
• Amin Rustom

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 296–301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.27

• (Figure 3, red) was even better, presumably due to their direct, low impedance access to the cell interior, proving the suitability of the system for electrophysiological recordings and biosensor applications. The fact that under these conditions the periodic potential changes were only rarely observed

High-bandwidth multimode self-sensing in bimodal atomic force microscopy

• Michael G. Ruppert and
• S. O. Reza Moheimani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 284–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.26

• , an impedance analyzer such as the Keysight E4990A was used to measure Cp and the obtained value of 20.27 pF adequately matches the estimation. Feedthrough cancellation The first and the fifth modes are clearly visible in the frequency response shown in Figure 6c albeit excessively buried in

Mismatch detection in DNA monolayers by atomic force microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Maryse D. Nkoua Ngavouka,
• Pietro Capaldo,
• Elena Ambrosetti,
• Giacinto Scoles,
• Loredana Casalis and
• Pietro Parisse

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 220–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.20

• mismatches. The second strategy exploits the change in capacitance at the interface between an ssDNA-functionalized gold electrode and the solution due to the hybridization process in a miniaturized electrochemical cell. Through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements on extended ssDNA self

• microRNAs or in genomic DNA. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; DNA monolayers; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; hybridization; mismatches; Introduction Most current technologies for genotyping and sequencing are based on DNA hybridization, exploiting the high grade of selectivity due to the unique

• cell. In a previous work we demonstrated the ability to follow the hybridization of perfectly matched sequences in real time through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements on extended ssDNA self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [27]. Here we successfully tested EIS for the detection of

3D solid supported inter-polyelectrolyte complexes obtained by the alternate deposition of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)

• Eduardo Guzmán,
• Armando Maestro,
• Sara Llamas,
• Jesús Álvarez-Rodríguez,
• Francisco Ortega,
• Ángel Maroto-Valiente and
• Ramón G. Rubio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 197–208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.18

• dissipative quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM-D) from KSV (Model QCM Z-500, Finland) for the study of the wet films, and an impedance/gain phase analyzer from Hewlett-Packard (HP4194A, U.S.A.) coupled to a QCM electrode for the study of the dry films. In similar manner as described in [19], the gold coated AT

• initially formed on the surface of the gold electrode of the quartz crystal, in order to obtain a charged substrate [19]. QCM-D provided the impedance spectra of the crystal for the fundamental resonance frequency and for its odd overtones, ν, up to 11 [26]. Ellipsometry An imaging null-ellipsometer from

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

Single pyrimidine discrimination during voltage-driven translocation of osmylated oligodeoxynucleotides via the α-hemolysin nanopore

• Yun Ding and
• Anastassia Kanavarioti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.11

• % (v/v) (3-cyanopropyl)dimethylchlorosilane in acetonitrile to create a moderately hydrophobic surface. Current–time (I–t) recordings were performed at 22 ± 1 °C using a custom-built high impedance and low-noise system (Electronic BioSciences Inc., San Diego, CA) for the Chemistry Department

Charge injection and transport properties of an organic light-emitting diode

• Peter Juhasz,
• Juraj Nevrela,
• Michal Micjan,
• Miroslav Novota,
• Jan Uhrik,
• Lubica Stuchlikova,
• Jan Jakabovic,
• Ladislav Harmatha and
• Martin Weis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 47–52, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.5

• investigated by steady-state current–voltage technique and impedance spectroscopy at various temperatures to obtain activation energies of charge injection and transport processes. Good agreement of activation energies obtained by steady-state and frequency-domain was used to analyze their contributions to the

• identification of major bottleneck of charge injection and transport. Keywords: activation energy; impedance spectroscopy; organic light-emitting device; Introduction Since the discovery of organic electroluminescent (EL) materials such as tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum(III) (Alq3), organic light-emitting

• steady-state current density–voltage characteristics [5][6], or measurement in time- or frequency-domain, such as transient currents [7] and impedance spectroscopy [8][9]. Furthermore, the measurements can be extended by the temperature dependence of electrical properties which reveal the thermally