Modelling of ‘sub-atomic’ contrast resulting from back-bonding on Si(111)-7×7

• Adam Sweetman,
• Samuel P. Jarvis and
• Mohammad A. Rashid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 937–945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.85

• obtained during imaging of planar organic molecules [3][4]. An important development in the interpretation of sub-molecular resolution imaging has been the explicit consideration of deflection (i.e., mechanical deformation) in the tip–sample junction [5][6][7], which can result in contrast enhancement [6

Large-scale fabrication of achiral plasmonic metamaterials with giant chiroptical response

• Morten Slyngborg,
• Yao-Chung Tsao and
• Peter Fojan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 914–925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.83

• optical activity [9] such as circular dichroism (CD) [10]. Among other things, this makes them useful for the production of sensing devices for organic molecules and biomolecules [10]. Recently, the phenomena of the long proposed extrinsic chirality dating back to 1945 [11] have been observed

• gold deposition [26] and structures formed by carbon nanotubes [27]. However, in order to be able to apply these metamaterials in sensing devices of organic molecules and biomolecules a reliable large-area fabrication method is required. State-of-the-art fabrication techniques are based on electron

• proteins and chiral organic molecules in general readily adsorb onto the ECM surface. This demonstrates that the ECMs may be used for detection of proteins and chiral organic molecules in a label-free way. Furthermore, the ease of cysteamine adsorption on the ECM surface suggests that other molecules such

Thermo-voltage measurements of atomic contacts at low temperature

• Ayelet Ofarim,
• Bastian Kopp,
• Thomas Möller,
• León Martin,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 767–775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.68

• from the behavior of bulk metals were found. The bulk values were retrieved for contacts larger than 10000 atoms in cross section only. Dell et al. [11] studied the charge transport characteristics of a series of organic molecules. Through thermo-voltage measurements, they showed that the transport

Coupled molecular and cantilever dynamics model for frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

• Michael Klocke and
• Dietrich E. Wolf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 708–720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.63

• ] and theoretically [1]. However, by now, many more examples are known with distinct adhesion hysteresis, notably also organic molecules with covalent bonds [34]. These systems are chemically more complex, but the principal mechanism of adhesion hysteresis is the same as for a simple KBr surface. Also

Hierarchical coassembly of DNA–triptycene hybrid molecular building blocks and zinc protoporphyrin IX

• Rina Kumari,
• Sumit Singh,
• Mohan Monisha,
• Sourav Bhowmick,
• Anindya Roy,
• Neeladri Das and
• Prolay Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 697–707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.62

• therapy (PDT) applications as well as photocatalytic reactions. Keywords: DNA nanostructure; DNA–organic hybrid; DNA self-assembly; 2,6,14-triptycenetripropiolic acid; zinc protoporphyrin IX; Introduction Hybrid nanomaterials resulting from the covalent conjugation of DNA with organic molecules [1][2][3

• DNA–organic hybrid molecular building blocks, the selection of organic molecules and their inherent directionality have been found to be the most important determinant for the desired system to have improved functional properties and stability [1]. Reportedly, several nanostructures have been

• developed by conjugating planar organic molecules with DNA. The inherent planarity and symmetry in these molecules yielded 2D structures [24][25]. Recently, DNA–organic hybrids having a definite angular directionality have yielded interesting nanostructure with 3D topology [26][27]. Herein, for the first

Invariance of molecular charge transport upon changes of extended molecule size and several related issues

• Ioan Bâldea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 418–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.37

• organic molecules. For concrete cases, the model parameters (Hμ,μ′, τL,R, tL,R) can be obtained within density-functional-based, tight binding (DFTB) frameworks [18][19][20], which represent the state-of-the-art for such larger systems. In a biased junction, they may also nontrivially depend on V and, if

• within this framework include, e.g., atomic chains, quantum wires, carbon nanotubes, and (possibly DNA-based) bio and large organic molecules. To determine the model parameter values, density functional based tight binding (DFTB) frameworks [18][19][20] represent the state-of-the-art. It is worth

Efficiency improvement in the cantilever photothermal excitation method using a photothermal conversion layer

• Natsumi Inada,
• Hitoshi Asakawa,
• Taiki Kobayashi and
• Takeshi Fukuma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 409–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.36

• the cantilever material (e.g., silicon was used in [27]). However, the short wavelength light may cause sample damage when biological molecules or organic molecules are studied. To avoid this, an excitation laser with a longer wavelength (e.g., infrared light) is preferred in some cases. Although

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

• form monomolecular layers between both electrodes. In many cases, either self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [23] or Langmuir–Blodgett films (LB) [24][25] of organic molecules on a solid surface provide the order at the molecular level inside the junction to accomplish interface functionalization. The

• (thiols, disulfides), and related moieties on coinage metals, particularly Au(111), Ag, Cu as well as Pt, Hg, GaAs(100) and InP(100) surfaces [23]. Particularly, the sulfur–gold bond is the most popular and the most extensively investigated junction for anchoring organic molecules on metal surfaces

Case studies on the formation of chalcogenide self-assembled monolayers on surfaces and dissociative processes

• Yongfeng Tong,
• Tingming Jiang,
• Azzedine Bendounan,
• Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh Harish,
• Angelo Giglia,
• Stefan Kubsky,
• Fausto Sirotti,
• Luca Pasquali,
• Srinivasan Sampath and
• Vladimir A. Esaulov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 263–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.24

• report examines the assembly of chalcogenide organic molecules on various surfaces, focusing on cases when chemisorption is accompanied by carbon–chalcogen atom-bond scission. In the case of alkane and benzyl chalcogenides, this induces formation of a chalcogenized interface layer. This process can occur

• . We discuss some recent studies based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that shed light on these aspects for a series of such organic molecules. Keywords: copper; nickel; palladium; reactivity; selenol; selenophene; self-assembly; thiol; thiophene; Introduction In recent years research related to

Surface-site reactivity in small-molecule adsorption: A theoretical study of thiol binding on multi-coordinated gold clusters

• Elvis C. M. Ting,
• Tatiana Popa and
• Irina Paci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 53–61, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.6

• Elvis C. M. Ting Tatiana Popa Irina Paci Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3V6, Canada 10.3762/bjnano.7.6 Abstract Background: The adsorption of organic molecules on metal surfaces has a broad array of applications, from device engineering to medical diagnosis

• ; sulfur–gold interactions; thiol adsorption; Introduction The interactions between organic molecules and metallic surfaces have been the subject of significant interest in recent years, because of their fundamental relevance in a broad array of nanoscience applications. One area of interfacial research

Controlled graphene oxide assembly on silver nanocube monolayers for SERS detection: dependence on nanocube packing procedure

• Martina Banchelli,
• Bruno Tiribilli,
• Roberto Pini,
• Luigi Dei,
• Paolo Matteini and
• Gabriella Caminati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.2

• can be deposited directly onto water surfaces [27] either alone or mixed with organic molecules that act as dispersants in the case of scarce particle stability at the interface [28]. Other strategies include choice of non-aqueous monolayer subphases [29] and formation of the monolayer at water–oil

Sonochemical co-deposition of antibacterial nanoparticles and dyes on textiles

• Ilana Perelshtein,
• Anat Lipovsky,
• Nina Perkas,
• Tzanko Tzanov and
• Aharon Gedanken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1–8, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.1

• towards the fabric surface. The dyeing occurs as a result of supplying ultrasound energy to the solution. When high-intensity ultrasound is applied to the aqueous solution of organic molecules, these molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the sonochemically formed acoustic bubbles. When the implosive

Sub-monolayer film growth of a volatile lanthanide complex on metallic surfaces

• Hironari Isshiki,
• Jinjie Chen,
• Kevin Edelmann and
• Wulf Wulfhekel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2412–2416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.248

• metal-organic molecules with magnetic-ion cores exhibit long spin-relaxation times for the reversal of the localized magnetic moment at low temperatures. These molecules are called single-molecule magnets (SMMs), because the magnetic properties are attributed to the individual single molecules as a

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• the size range of 20–60 nm and suggested that the Ag and Pd NPs were capped and stabilized by organic molecules such as polyphenols and caffeine [51]. In another study, Nune et al. used aqueous tea extract to reduce NaAuCl4 to Au NPs within 10 min. Their particles were spherical and in the size range

Plasma fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: functionalization and thermal stability

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Axel Hemberg,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2263–2271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.232

• the D’-band) [48][49]. For the spectrum recorded after heating the sample to 900 °C, an additional D3-peak (1466 cm−1) was necessary for the fitting. The origin of this mode is not clear, but it has been attributed to amorphous carbon fraction of soot (e.g., organic molecules, fragments or functional

Thermoelectricity in molecular junctions with harmonic and anharmonic modes

• Bijay Kumar Agarwalla,
• Jian-Hua Jiang and
• Dvira Segal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2129–2139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.218

• utilized to study charge transfer in donor–bridge–acceptor organic molecules [11] and organic molecular semiconductors [12], as well as thermoelectric effects in quantum dot devices [13][14]. Recently, Erpenbeck et al. had provided a thorough computational study of transport characteristics with

Electrospray deposition of organic molecules on bulk insulator surfaces

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1927–1934, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.195

• Antoine Hinaut Remy Pawlak Ernst Meyer Thilo Glatzel Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland 10.3762/bjnano.6.195 Abstract Large organic molecules are of important interest for organic-based devices such as hybrid photovoltaics or molecular

• techniques are compatible with molecular resolution, the pollution from solvents remains a problem [3][4][5]. Electrospray ionization (ESI), first developed by Fenn et al. [6] allows for the introduction of large organic molecules in vacuum. Originally developed for mass spectrometry and protein studies, it

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• distribution, facile and low cost synthesis process, and ease of surface modification, biological and medical applications using uncoated iron oxide nanoparticles are limited because of their tendency to aggregate and oxidize [9][19]. Covering their surface with organic molecules (e.g., biodegradable polymers

Influence of surface chemical properties on the toxicity of engineered zinc oxide nanoparticles to embryonic zebrafish

• Zitao Zhou,
• Jino Son,
• Bryan Harper,
• Zheng Zhou and
• Stacey Harper

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1568–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.160

• estimate the protein-ligand binding free energy [35], and molar refractivity (RF) represents the energy required to polarize one mole of the substance and is associated with receptor binding affinity [36]. Dreiding energy (DE) will be used to predict the binding affinity of organic molecules with Zn and

Transformations of PTCDA structures on rutile TiO₂ induced by thermal annealing and intermolecular forces

• Szymon Godlewski,
• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Marek Szymoński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1498–1507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.155

• example, titanium dioxide surfaces are exceptionally useful in various applications, including the catalysis, solar energy conversion, gas sensing and others [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Merging two classes of materials, i.e., metal oxide surfaces with organic molecules, seems to be one of the most

• even more evident when combined materials, such as organic molecules adsorbed on a metal oxide surface, are examined. Thus, we have decided to perform our research on such a model system, comprising perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) molecules adsorbed onto the (110) face of rutile

• . However, the subsequent deposition of organic molecules requires keeping the sample in the vicinity of the heated effusion cell. This results in enhanced water adsorption on the surface, leading to passivation of oxygen vacancies and formation of a great number of surface hydroxy groups. Therefore

DNA–melamine hybrid molecules: from self-assembly to nanostructures

• Rina Kumari,
• Shib Shankar Banerjee,
• Anil K. Bhowmick and
• Prolay Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1432–1438, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.148

• add versatility to the building blocks that are subsequently used to assemble complex nanostructures [16][17]. The repertoire of organic molecules is practically infinite, and the possibilities for developing novel DNA−organic molecular hybrid structures are endless. The judicious selection of organic

• conjugates. Overall, this implies that by using small and structurally well-defined organic molecules, it is possible to increase the stability and melting temperature of DNA duplexes in a self-assembly. The self-assembly products were also characterized by native PAGE (Figure 3). Particularly noteworthy is

• most important considerations to direct the self-assembly of the hybrid structure. Researchers have independently achieved DNA assemblies in two and three dimensions by introducing organic molecules for various functions [45][46][47]. The use of such DNA–organic molecule hybrid structures and those

Electron and heat transport in porphyrin-based single-molecule transistors with electro-burnt graphene electrodes

• Hatef Sadeghi,
• Sara Sangtarash and
• Colin J. Lambert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1413–1420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.146

• ][12][13][14][15][16] is the close match of their Fermi energy with the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of organic molecules. Furthermore, in comparison to the more bulky metallic electrodes, graphene electrodes promote electrostatic

Natural and artificial binders of polyriboadenylic acid and their effect on RNA structure

• Giovanni N. Roviello,
• Domenica Musumeci,
• Valentina Roviello,
• Marina Pirtskhalava,
• Alexander Egoyan and
• Merab Mirtskhulava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1338–1347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.138

• base-pair/alkaloid stoichiometry. Çetinkol and Hud [28] studied the binding of small organic molecules with poly(rA), confirming that coralyne was able to bind with high affinity poly(rA) in a highly cooperative binding process. In fact, a minimum of six molecules were necessary to stabilize the poly

• as 3,9-dimethylxanthine, no poly(rA) interaction was detected. The same work led also to exclude the formation of complexes of poly(rA) with hypoxanthine, allopurinol, 6,8-dihydroxypurine, theophylline and theobromine. Artificial poly(rA) binders Synthetic organic molecules Regarding the interaction

• sequences. Such compounds exhibited higher stability and specificity with poly(rA) complexes than the corresponding underivatized DNAs. Nanotubes Poly(rA) binding is not exclusive to small organic molecules. For example, Zhao et al. [64] reported an example of self-structure induction in a single-stranded

Patterning technique for gold nanoparticles on substrates using a focused electron beam

• Takahiro Noriki,
• Shogo Abe,
• Kotaro Kajikawa and
• Masayuki Shimojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1010–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.104

• organic molecules formed on the surfaces of the substrate and the nanoparticles, and that the amorphous carbon was formed during step (ii). This amorphous carbon is considered to fix the particles onto the substrate. The immobilization of the nanoparticle on the substrate surface is considered to occur

• due to the deposition of amorphous carbon. This amorphous carbon most likely originates from organic molecules around the nanoparticles, as similar mechanisms of decomposition and deposition occur in electron beam-induced deposition (EBID) [9][10][11]. Fujita et al. reported that amorphous carbon was

• nanoparticles were covered with organic molecules and hydrocarbon molecules may have been present in the SEM chamber. Thus, the deposition of amorphous carbon was considered to occur around the particles during the irradiation process, due to the decomposition of organic substances by the high-energy electron

Electrocatalysis on the nm scale

• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1008–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.103

• theoretical description of important electrocatalytic reactions, such as hydrogen evolution/water splitting [4][5] or electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis [6]. Additionally, mechanistic studies of electrocatalytic reactions, such as O2 reduction [7], CO oxidation [8] or the electrooxidation of small organic

• molecules [9], are presented. The potential of in situ microscopy [10] and in situ spectroscopy [8][9], in addition to electrochemical measurements for the characterization of electrode surfaces/electrocatalysts and for the mechanistic understanding of electrocatalytic reactions is illustrated. Finally, the