The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• of 10 nm average diameter with a conjugated copolymer comprising bithiazole and benzothiazole. The sulfur and nitrogen atoms in the blocks interacted with the metal surface, providing stability to the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles with the chemisorbed polymer acted as a template for the self

• with permission from [134], copyright 2014 Royal Society of Chemistry. Formation of gold nanoparticles in a bithiazole–benzothiazole-based polymer matrix and their role as a template for the self-assembly of the bulk polymer leading to enhancement of the charge-carrier mobility. Reprinted with

Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

• Alexa Schmitz,
• Kai Schütte,
• Vesko Ilievski,
• Juri Barthel,
• Laura Burk,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Junpei Yue,
• Bernd Smarsly and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

• ] yielded metal fluoride nanoparticles for Mn, Fe and Co [63]. The reaction of metal acetate (hydrate) precursors in ethylene glycol and an excess of [BMIm][BF4] gave fluoride nanoparticles [67]. Mesoporous carbon/iron carbide hybrids were synthesized using mesoporous silica as template and the ionic liquid

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• /and hierarchical architecture, which possess excellent redox properties and abundant oxygen vacancies, will be favorable for the enhancement of catalytic activity toward CO oxidation. CeO2-based hybrid oxides with hollow structure can be synthesized by a sacrificial-template method based on

• interfacial oxidation–reduction under mild conditions. For example, Mn3O4/CeO2 hybrid nanotubes were created by a template-based process involving a redox reaction between the cryptomelane-type manganese oxide nanowire template and Ce(NO3)3 [20]. Ce–Mn nanotubes were also fabricated by treating Ce(OH)CO3

Increasing the stability of DNA nanostructure templates by atomic layer deposition of Al₂O₃ and its application in imprinting lithography

• Hyojeong Kim,
• Kristin Arbutina,
• Anqin Xu and
• Haitao Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2363–2375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.236

• complex features. Therefore, self-assembled DNA nanostructures are considered to be an ideal template for nanofabrication because it is easy to control their structural complexity and diversity at the nanoscale. Many approaches have been developed to use DNA nanostructures as templates to pattern a wide

• template relies on using water to lower the adhesion between the film and the template. The key advantage of our method is that any polymer with hydrophobicity and/or low surface energy can be patterned with the DNA nanostructure master template. Furthermore, because the method uses spin-coating instead of

• . Our approach has one substantial technical problem, however, which is that the DNA nanostructure master templates cannot be used in a repetitive manner. The DNA nanostructures were partially damaged during the release of the PMMA and PLLA hydrophobic stamps from the hydrophilic master template. It

Expanding the molecular-ruler process through vapor deposition of hexadecanethiol

• Alexandra M. Patron,
• Timothy S. Hooker,
• Daniel F. Santavicca,
• Corey P. Causey and
• Thomas J. Mullen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2339–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.233

• the field allow for the fabrication of molecular-scale features into surfaces that template the assembly and growth of metals, polymers, biomolecules, and cellular structures [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. In addition, these surface assemblies have been utilized as molecular-scale resists for

Tailoring the nanoscale morphology of HKUST-1 thin films via codeposition and seeded growth

• Landon J. Brower,
• Lauren K. Gentry,
• Amanda L. Napier and
• Mary E. Anderson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2307–2314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.230

• at 50 °C. (For comparison, a representative AFM 500 nm × 500 nm image of the sample codeposited for 5 h at 50 °C can be found in Supporting Information File 1.) To potentially template film morphologies, samples seeded with unique surface morphologies were fabricated by codeposition for 1.5 h at 25

Fabrication of gold-coated PDMS surfaces with arrayed triangular micro/nanopyramids for use as SERS substrates

• Jingran Zhang,
• Yongda Yan,
• Peng Miao and
• Jianxiong Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2271–2282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.227

• School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China 10.3762/bjnano.8.227 Abstract Using the tip-based continuous indentation process, arrays of three-dimensional pyramidal cavities have been successfully machined on a copper template and

• rhodamine 6G (R6G) were detected as test analytes [17]. The micro/nanostructures of a blue butterfly wing were used as a template, and a SERS substrate was produced and utilized to detect rhodamine dye for the elimination of organic pollutants [19]. Additionally, pyramidal array structures on conventional

• Klarite substrates [22] were fabricated as specifically engineered structures with an apex angle of 70.5° that can also be used as a template. The SERS substrate can then be achieved via a ultraviolet (UV) embossing process by transferring these structures to a plastic substrate. Templates [23][24][25

Vapor-based polymers: from films to nanostructures

• Meike Koenig and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2219–2220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.221

• character of vapor-based coatings can furthermore be used to create nanostructures. Balkan et al. report the formation of coaxial nanotubes by the consecutive deposition of polyaniline and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) on a template with mesoscopic pores [8]. The dissolution of the template results in the

Application of visible-light photosensitization to form alkyl-radical-derived thin films on gold

• Rashanique D. Quarels,
• Xianglin Zhai,
• Neepa Kuruppu,
• Jenny K. Hedlund,
• Ashley A. Ellsworth,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Jayne C. Garno and
• Justin R. Ragains

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1863–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.187

• solvents were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Labs. The irradiation source was two 4 W sapphire blue LED flex strips from Creative Lighting Solutions (Cleveland, OH, USA) wrapped around a crystallizing dish. Preparation of gold surfaces with a mesosphere mask. Template-stripped gold substrates were

• suspension was placed onto the template-stripped gold substrates, dried in air for 2 h, and then oven-dried for at least 96 h. The final heating step was used to temporarily anneal the silica spheres to the substrate to prevent displacement during immersion in solutions. After completion of the procedures

Synthesis and catalytic application of magnetic Co–Cu nanowires

• Lijuan Sun,
• Xiaoyu Li,
• Zhiqiang Xu,
• Kenan Xie and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1769–1773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.178

• Lijuan Sun Xiaoyu Li Zhiqiang Xu Kenan Xie Li Liao School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China 10.3762/bjnano.8.178 Abstract A rapid, template-free method was developed to prepare magnetic, bimetallic Co–Cu nanowires via liquid phase reduction and metal

• mainly electrodeposition by different templates, as found in the previous literature. For example, many papers have reported Co–Cu nanowires electrodeposited into a porous anodic aluminum oxide template [1][2][3][4]. Additionally, L. Gravier et al. [8] prepared Co–Cu multilayered nanowires by

• , bimetallic Co–Cu nanowires with a highly desirable linear structure were successfully synthesized via a rapid and facile template-free method [9][10][11] assisted by magnetic fields. Moreover, they were applied to catalyze the hydrolysis of ammonia borane (NH3–BH3, AB) for the first time. This result lays

Near-infrared-responsive, superparamagnetic Au@Co nanochains

• Varadee Vittur,
• Arati G. Kolhatkar,
• Shreya Shah,
• Irene Rusakova,
• Dmitri Litvinov and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1680–1687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.168

• , behaved as a soft template for chain growth [47], as described below. Notably, the shells appear to possess varying porosity. Consequently, it is plausible that Co2+ and AuCl4− ions continuously diffused through the shell during the galvanic replacement reaction and thereby gave rise to the formation of

• template exhibited a plasmonic resonance at 628 nm [27]. Consequently, our results represent a significant and potentially useful outcome, as there have been, to our knowledge, no prior reports of NIR-responsive nanochain systems. There is a strong need for nanomaterials that are NIR-active [10][11][12][14

Micro- and nano-surface structures based on vapor-deposited polymers

• Hsien-Yeh Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1366–1374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.138

• flat substrates or 3D complex substrates. Next, the creation of multiple or gradient structures/patterns on the polymers provides an interfacial template with multifunctional reactivity and gradient information for multifunctional or directional activities. Then, the emerging discovery of the selective

Synthesis of [Fe(L_eq)(L_ax)]_n coordination polymer nanoparticles using blockcopolymer micelles

• Christoph Göbel,
• Ottokar Klimm,
• Florian Puchtler,
• Sabine Rosenfeldt,
• Stephan Förster and
• Birgit Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1318–1327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.133

• -poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) block copolymer (BCP) micelles as template. Variation of the solvent (THF and toluene) and the rigidity of the axial ligand Lax (Lax = 1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethane) (bpea), trans-1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethene (bpee), and 1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethyne) (bpey); Leq = 1,2

Nanotopographical control of surfaces using chemical vapor deposition processes

• Meike Koenig and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1250–1256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.126

• and Oh used anodic aluminum oxide membranes as a template for the production of nanotubes with a tunable wall thickness (Figure 1) [11]. Via chemical oxidation polymerization of vaporized pyrroles, polypyrrole was deposited on the walls of the membrane pores which had been pretreated with ferric

• . The colloidal template was removed by ultrasonication after deposition. Structures derived from a broad range of polymers and across a variety of length scales (down to 25 nm) could be fabricated. Selective deposition A straightforward method to selectively deposit polymers on prepatterned substrates

• and patterned coatings from a great variety of polymer materials can be created that can be tailored to the respective applications. Polymer structures via masked deposition: polypyrrole nanotubes by deposition using aluminum oxide membranes with a pore size of 100 nm as the template. The wall

A top-down approach for fabricating three-dimensional closed hollow nanostructures with permeable thin metal walls

• Carlos Angulo Barrios and
• Víctor Canalejas-Tejero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1231–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.124

• template by means of an oxygen-plasma treatment (ashing). The latter is enabled by the permeability and thinness of the metal film deposited on the nanopatterned resist sidewalls, which allows oxygen species to react with the organic polymer template. The technique is demonstrated through the fabrication

• localization of the optical field among the hollow nanocages at resonance plays a major role. On the other hand, it should be pointed out that the measured nanocage bulk sensitivity is smaller than that exhibited by the SU-8 nanopillar array template (Figure 1a and blue curve in Figure 3a) of 509 nm/RIU [11

• with the purpose of releasing CO2 (thermal decomposition of carbonates) to the surroundings by applying heat to the Si chip. Note also that, besides SU-8, other organic polymers can be used to form the load-containing template. In addition, apart from evaporation, other metal deposition techniques

Enhanced catalytic activity without the use of an external light source using microwave-synthesized CuO nanopetals

• Govinda Lakhotiya,
• Sonal Bajaj,
• Arpan Kumar Nayak,
• Debabrata Pradhan,
• Pradip Tekade and
• Abhimanyu Rana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1167–1173, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.118

• S4).This confirms that the same as-synthesized CuO nanopetals can also be optimized for the efficient degradation of hazardous dyes other than MB. Conclusion In summary, we have synthesized CuO nanoflowers and nanopetals in the absence of any surfactant and/or template using a microwave-assisted wet

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• self-assembles onto the carbon fiber substrate in the form of nanoscopic crystallites, which serve as a template for the subsequent silica deposition. The silicification at close to neutral pH is spatially restricted to the localized polyamine and consequently to the fiber surface. In case of the

• template, and an amorphous shell, i.e., free ethylenimine units, which direct the silica deposition to the aggregates’ surface. As soon as the amorphous shell is covered by silica, no further significant deposition takes place [16]. A considerable number of factors can influence the shape of the primary

• into the organic template core. A calcination process removes the LPEI template and provides access to the metal centers located at the inner wall of the silica nanotubes enabling potential catalytic reactions within the pores of the silica shell. A further conceivable application can be evaluated with

Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• tubes to be obtained. To obtain these materials, a polymer was employed and used as the carbon source and template to mold a spherical structure of silica particles obtained by the Stoeber process. After a carbonization step, a second thermal treatment was employed to obtain either SiC tubes or a

• . The formed carbon layer serves as the template and carbon source from which the silicon carbide is formed. It furthermore prevents particle agglomeration and reduces the loss of unstable SiO species which are formed during the conversion reaction. The conversion process thus represents a micro

• One-dimensional mesoporous carbon tubes and silicon carbide tubes with diameters in the micrometer size range were synthesized using electrospun PS fibres (acting as both the carbon source as well as the template) and amorphous silica particles of spherical morphology derived from the Stoeber process

Adsorption characteristics of Er₃N@C₈₀on W(110) and Au(111) studied via scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy

• Sebastian Schimmel,
• Zhixiang Sun,
• Danny Baumann,
• Denis Krylov,
• Nataliya Samoylova,
• Alexey Popov,
• Bernd Büchner and
• Christian Hess

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1127–1134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.114

• scientific community. Sustained efforts on the synthesis of endohedral fullerenes led to the trimetallic nitride template (TNT) process and consequently to the creation of the class of trimetallic nitride endohedral fullerenes in 1999, which can be produced in a sufficiently high yield for experimental

Assembly of metallic nanoparticle arrays on glass via nanoimprinting and thin-film dewetting

• Sun-Kyu Lee,
• Sori Hwang,
• Yoon-Kee Kim and
• Yong-Jun Oh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1049–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.106

• the dewetted nanoparticles [1][12][13][14][15]. These complicated processing steps for prepatterned templates critically restrict extensive application of the thin-film dewetting technique. Furthermore, lithography techniques based on silicon wafers have limitations when the template must also serve

• as a functional layer. Thus, the applicability of a self-assembly technique that uses dewetting largely depends on how it can be combined with appropriate template materials that have both functionality and dewettability. In this regard, nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is expected to be an effective

• –500 °C, forming an assembly of one metal nanoparticle per pit in the topographic patterns in the silica template, as shown in Figure 6e. This was the same for the Au films (Figure 6g). This evolution of the particle assembly with film thickness and dewetting temperature is very similar to previous

Synthesis of coaxial nanotubes of polyaniline and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) by oxidative/initiated chemical vapor deposition

• Alper Balkan,
• Efe Armagan and
• Gozde Ozaydin Ince

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 872–882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.89

• polymer chains when deposited inside the pores of a template [36]. This supermolecular order leads to improved conjugation lengths with fewer bends and kinks in the linear polymer chains [52] leading to increased conductivities in nanotubes compared to thin films. A similar parabolic dependence of

• and anodic aluminum oxide template (AAO) with pore sizes of 200 nm were used as substrates and were coated simultaneously. Glass slides were used for electrical conductivity measurements and UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis). Si wafers were used for Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• , efforts were aimed at the optimization of the SWCNT-catalyst interface for the chirality-selective growth. The authors of [124][125] used WCo alloy particles with specific structure as template to realize the chirality-controlled growth of SWCNTs. In [124], the (12,6) tubes (d = 1.28 nm) with an abundance

• template effect of nanocrystal catalyst and the optimization of growth kinetics. The authors of recent report [120] also succeeded in the CVD synthesis of near-zigzag SWCNTs with the dominant chirality of (15,2) using Fe catalyst. It should be noted that besides the CVD method the single chirality SWCNTs

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• and mixed mechanically for application needs in various fields (Figure 1d) (although mainly used for electrode preparation in LIB applications). In the sandwich structure, graphene is used as a template to generate the active NP/graphene sandwich structure (Figure 1e) [77], and in the layer structure

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• nanocomposites using a technique similar to sol–gel [30]. The matrix is the NC itself solidified by micrometer-sized AP crystals and cross-linked with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), whereas RDX is dissolved in acetone inside that template. The gel and the crystallization of RDX is

Tailoring bifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic nanoadsorbents by the choice of functional layer composition probed by adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions

• Veronika V. Tomina,
• Inna V. Melnyk,
• Yuriy L. Zub,
• Aivaras Kareiva,
• Miroslava Vaclavikova,
• Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva and
• Vadim G. Kessler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 334–347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.36

• ] applying the well-known template method. Mann et al. were first to report it for the synthesis of hybrid organic–inorganic materials bearing functional groups of different nature [23][24][25][26]. Finally, there have been published papers describing the synthesis of non-porous silica nano- and sub