Surfactant-induced enhancement of droplet adhesion in superhydrophobic soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves

• Oliver Hagedorn,
• Ingo Fleute-Schlachter,
• Hans Georg Mainx,
• Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2345–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.234

• )trifluoroacetamide; Machery-Nagel GmbH & Co KG, Germany) and 20 µL of pyridine (Fluka, Germany) for 45 min at 70 °C in a heating block. The quantitative wax composition was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) (GC–FID; CG-Hewlett Packard 5890 series H, Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA, USA) equipped with a

Material property analytical relations for the case of an AFM probe tapping a viscoelastic surface containing multiple characteristic times

• Enrique A. López-Guerra and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2230–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.223

• . As a final comment on the dissipated energy, we point out that both simulations and analytics assume that dissipation stems exclusively from viscoelastic dissipation and the adhesion force [41][42]. This neglects other sources, such as capillary forces [41], rate dependent adhesion forces, and long

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

• during heating of the precursor, and exponential decrease of the layer thickness along the capillary, have been solved trough the application of a simple electrochemical reaction and two standard principles of physics: Papin’s pot and the principle of Le Chatelier. Keywords: catheters; chemical vapor

• polymer, which will be subsequently formed to an infinite catheter (capillary) by extruding, with an active reagent or developing a coating of the interior and exterior side of the capillary. For the first alternative, it is imperative that the active species must not be coated by the organic polymer, so

• pastry that was subjected to the extruding process, yielding randomly distributed silver particles in the wall of the capillary (Figure 1). The charm of this technique is its simplicity which offers potential for a large production scale, and large numbers are demanded by the market. Although it was

Self-assembly of chiral fluorescent nanoparticles based on water-soluble L-tryptophan derivatives of p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene

• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Irina A. Khripunova,
• Olga A. Mostovaya,
• Timur A. Mukhametzyanov,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Vyacheslav V. Vorobev,
• Yuri N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1825–1835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.184

• analysis was performed on Perkin–Elmer 2400 Series II instruments. Mass spectra (ESI) were recorded on an AmaZonX mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Germany). The drying gas was nitrogen at 300 °С. The capillary voltage was 4.5 kV. The samples were dissolved in acetonitrile (concentration ≈10−6 g/mL

Uptake and intracellular accumulation of diamond nanoparticles – a metabolic and cytotoxic study

• Antonín Brož,
• Lucie Bačáková,
• Pavla Štenclová,
• Alexander Kromka and
• Štěpán Potocký

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1649–1657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.165

• diamond nanoparticles The size of the ND particles and their zeta potential was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements in water at 25 °C using a Nano-ZetaSizer (Malvern, UK) equipped with an He-Ne laser. A separate disposable folded capillary cell was used for each set of ND

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• Malvern NanoZS (Malvern Instruments, UK). All formulations were measured at a scattering angle of 173° at a temperature 25 °C (n = 3). The surface charge of the nanoparticles was determined by using a disposable capillary cell with the Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS at room temperature (n = 3). Physical

Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• which was identified as SiO2 by EDX analysis. Obviously, a small amount of the oxide particles is completely embedded in the molten PS fibres during the thermal treatment so that a complete etching by HF is not possible. With the observed capillary condensation at high relative pressure, the adsorption

The integration of graphene into microelectronic devices

• Guenther Ruhl,
• Sebastian Wittmann,
• Matthias Koenig and
• Daniel Neumaier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1056–1064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.107

• methods are using a catalytic metal layer, one approach is the in situ removal of the metal layer between graphene and dielectric substrate by wet etching. In order to attach the graphene film to the substrate an additional adhesion mechanism has to be involved. One approach is the use of capillary forces

Assembly of metallic nanoparticle arrays on glass via nanoimprinting and thin-film dewetting

• Sun-Kyu Lee,
• Sori Hwang,
• Yoon-Kee Kim and
• Yong-Jun Oh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1049–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.106

• void edges due to capillary-driven diffusion, and is completed with the formation of particles [35][36]. On a silicon template with inverted pyramidal pits (lightly oxidized to form 10 nm thick silica), however, the pits in the template modulate in the curvature of the as-deposited film, which induces

Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO₂ nanorods

• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Polona Umek,
• Alexandre Gloter,
• Jana Padežnik Gomilšek and
• Peter Bukovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104

• by coupling the TGA/DSC1 Instrument with a quadrupole mass spectrometer Thermostar (Balzers). In this case, the initial mass of the sample was around 5 mg. Evolved gases were transferred via heated quartz capillary (T = 190 °C) to the entrance of the mass spectrometer. X-ray diffractograms of the

Bio-inspired micro-to-nanoporous polymers with tunable stiffness

• Julia Syurik,
• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Prerna Sudera,
• Stephan Weyand,
• Siegbert Johnsen,
• Gabriele Wiegand and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 906–914, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.92

• storage modulus; Introduction Functional adaptation through porous structures is widely present in nature [1]. Natural structures are often made of hierarchical porous networks, serving mainly for passive mechanical functions [1][2][3], but also for capillary channels and membranes [1]. Nature offers

Functional dependence of resonant harmonics on nanomechanical parameters in dynamic mode atomic force microscopy

• Federico Gramazio,
• Matteo Lorenzoni,
• Francesc Pérez-Murano,
• Enrique Rull Trinidad,
• Urs Staufer and
• Jordi Fraxedas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 883–891, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.90

• with a well-defined radius R. For simplicity neither viscoelastic nor capillary forces have been considered. The negligible contribution of viscoelastic forces in PS with 25 N/m cantilevers is discussed in the Supporting Information File 1 (see Figure S3). Experimental AFM experiments have been

Measuring adhesion on rough surfaces using atomic force microscopy with a liquid probe

• Juan V. Escobar,
• Cristina Garza and
• Rolando Castillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 813–825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.84

• nanometer-sized peaks commonly used for the determination of AFM tip sharpness and a multi-scaled rough diamond surface containing sub-micrometer protrusions. Measurements are carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere to avoid water capillary interactions. We obtain information about the average force of

• the colloidal particle on a tipless cantilever. The force required to pull the drop off a surface is measured in a nitrogen atmosphere to avoid water capillary interactions. The liquid probe is close to what would be expected to be a smooth probe down to the atomic level. Recently, we reported an

• be able to compare the value with published data. In this case, we obtain Fadh = 48.5 ± 0.1 nN (kc = 0.346 N/m). The measured Fadh in air is close to the value measured in vacuum, revealing the low humidity of our ambient conditions because forces of capillary origin seem to be negligible. Leite et

First examples of organosilica-based ionogels: synthesis and electrochemical behavior

• Andreas Taubert,
• Ruben Löbbicke,
• Barbara Kirchner and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.77

• IV isotherm typical of mesoporous solids. The H2 hysteresis loop is due to capillary condensation in the mesopores and is attributed to differences between condensation and evaporation processes occurring in pores with narrow necks and wide cavities often referred to as ink bottle pores. The late

Vapor deposition routes to conformal polymer thin films

• Priya Moni,
• Ahmed Al-Obeidi and
• Karen K. Gleason

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 723–735, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.76

•  1a) or capillary bridge formation over a feature (Figure 1b). By contrast, vapor phase techniques are controlled by the individual adsorption of small molecules and their subsequent surface reaction to form a polymer film. In this case, the only interaction energy of concern is between the molecule

• wetting properties of capillary pore membranes, as seen in Figure 7c [4]. To determine the coating conformality, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) was used to measure the fluorine signal down the pore wall of a coated membrane and presented in Figure 7d. While the fluorine signal is detected at the

• ) on a commercial sponge using iCVD [46]. Figure 9b shows the iCVD coating conformally covering the sponge’s microstructure. Previously, Lau et al. demonstrated conformal coverage of iCVD grown fluoropolymers on vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests to prevent capillary densification as seen

Dispersion of single-wall carbon nanotubes with supramolecular Congo red – properties of the complexes and mechanism of the interaction

• Anna Jagusiak,
• Barbara Piekarska,
• Tomasz Pańczyk,
• Małgorzata Jemioła-Rzemińska,
• Elżbieta Bielańska,
• Barbara Stopa,
• Grzegorz Zemanek,
• Janina Rybarska,
• Irena Roterman and
• Leszek Konieczny

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 636–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.68

• -like structures formed in 2 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL solutions. The analysis was performed using NANO DSC Series III System (model 6300) with Platinum Capillary Cell (TA Instruments) equipped with Nano DSCRun software. In order to avoid the formation of air bubbles during the heating, the samples were

• degassed for 10–15 min before the measurement using the negative pressure of 0.3–0.5 atm. A reference chamber was filled with a buffer used for the analysed sample. All the measurements were performed at 3 bar pressure in a 0.33 mL capillary cell. Data was collected in the range of 10–90 °C at 1 °C·min−1

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• or by thermal decomposition [18]. An alternative way to obtain complex hierarchical nanostructures is the controlled assembly of primary building blocks using electric and magnetic forces, capillary effects, and surface defects. Fascinating shapes such as, rice grain-like structures were formed by

Fiber optic sensors based on hybrid phenyl-silica xerogel films to detect n-hexane: determination of the isosteric enthalpy of adsorption

• Jesús C. Echeverría,
• Ignacio Calleja,
• Paula Moriones and
• Julián J. Garrido

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 475–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.51

• in the molar percentage of PhTEOS in the mixture of silicon precursors. As the percentage of PhTEOS increased, the position of the capillary condensation step shifted towards higher relative pressure, indicating an increase in pore size. The hysteresis loops did not close at p/pº of 0.42, as is

Microfluidic setup for on-line SERS monitoring using laser induced nanoparticle spots as SERS active substrate

• Oana-M. Buja,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Nicolae Leopold,
• Andreas Morschhauser,
• Jörg Nestler and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 237–243, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.26

• of residues of malachite green (MG) using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is reported. The SERS active substrate was prepared via laser induced synthesis of silver or gold nanoparticles spot on the bottom of a 200 μm inner dimension glass capillary, by focusing the laser beam during a

• detection of the analyte, as shown schematically in Figure 1a. SERS monitoring of MG adsorbed on silver nanoparticle spots The synthesis of the SERS active silver nanoparticles spot was carried out by laser-induced spot synthesis [24] inside the glass capillary. The silver nitrate and sodium citrate

• solution was injected in a continuous flow into the microfluidic capillary while the laser beam (λ = 514.7 nm) was focused on the bottom part of the capillary. As illustrated in the schematic diagram in Figure 1a, the exposure of the silver/citrate mixture to the laser beam causes the photoinduced

Structural and tribometric characterization of biomimetically inspired synthetic "insect adhesives"

• Matthias W. Speidel,
• Malte Kleemeier,
• Andreas Hartwig,
• Klaus Rischka,
• Angelika Ellermann,
• Rolf Daniels and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 45–63, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.6

• adhesive fluids produced by glandular systems underlying the adhesive cuticular structures [2][3][4]. One major function of these liquid adhesives is to wet and maximize the contact area with the substrate by filling its surface irregularities [5][6]. In addition, viscous and capillary forces are conveyed

Streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles: critical role of oligonucleotides on stability and fractal aggregation

• Roberta D'Agata,
• Pasquale Palladino and
• Giuseppe Spoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1–11, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.1

• or 0.22 µm pore size membrane. Samples (1 mL) were transferred into a disposable polystyrene cuvette for DLS measurements while a folded capillary cell was used for ζ-potential measurements. The concentration of solutions (0.1–1 nM) was adjusted to accommodate scattering properties of samples and

When the going gets rough – studying the effect of surface roughness on the adhesive abilities of tree frogs

• Niall Crawford,
• Thomas Endlein,
• Jonathan T. Pham,
• Mathis Riehle and
• W. Jon P. Barnes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.201

• capillary and viscosity forces between the pad and the surface [1][2][3]. The polygonal epithelial cells (approx. 10 µm in diameter) are covered with nanostructures, which are thought to create friction by direct contact with the surface [3]. The combination of the fluid filled adhesive area and the

• specialised morphology allow the tree frogs to climb smooth vertical and overhanging surfaces. The attachment ability of tree frogs is affected by both surface chemistry and surface roughness. Hydrophobic leaves (such as those on lotus leaves [4]), could affect the capillary forces produced by the pad (which

• capillary forces will be reduced due to a decline in the Laplace pressure component of capillarity [7]. Bhushan’s ‘submerged‘ regime is that of a rock/torrent frog climbing water-covered rock, where the toe pads are completely submerged, thus abolishing any meniscus [8]. In such cases, capillary forces will

Annealing-induced recovery of indents in thin Au(Fe) bilayer films

• Anna Kosinova,
• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Leonid Klinger and
• Eugen Rabkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2088–2099, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.199

• processes in the material controlled by capillary forces [10][11] or the interaction of defects [12]. The healing capability of defects was recently demonstrated for Au [13] and Fe [14] nanoparticles. It was shown that the controlled injection of dislocations into single-crystalline faceted metal

Solvent-mediated conductance increase of dodecanethiol-stabilized gold nanoparticle monolayers

• Patrick A. Reissner,
• Jean-Nicolas Tisserant,
• Antoni Sánchez-Ferrer,
• Raffaele Mezzenga and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2057–2064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.196

• for 10 s. From Figure 4, we can conclude that the compaction process is completed within one hour. This excludes that capillary forces originating from a drying solvent meniscus cause the compaction of the monolayer, because it would be independent of the immersion duration. The observed time

Chitosan-based nanoparticles for improved anticancer efficacy and bioavailability of mifepristone

• Huijuan Zhang,
• Fuqiang Wu,
• Yazhen Li,
• Xiping Yang,
• Jiamei Huang,
• Tingting Lv,
• Yingying Zhang,
• Jianzhong Chen,
• Haijun Chen,
• Yu Gao,
• Guannan Liu and
• Lee Jia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1861–1870, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.178

• Corporation., Milford, MA, USA) was operated in positive mode and equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The main operating parameters were optimized as follows: desolvation gas (nitrogen) 600 L/h, cone gas (nitrogen) 50 L/h, collision gas (argon) about 0.15 MPa, cone voltage 30 V, capillary