Flexible photonic crystal membranes with nanoparticle high refractive index layers

• Torben Karrock,
• Moritz Paulsen and
• Martina Gerken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 203–209, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.22

• . As seen from Equation 2 these two changes have opposite effects on the resonance wavelength λ. Additional, the effective refractive index for modes of higher wavelength reduces due to the smaller confinement factor in the waveguide layer. Figure 3 plots the experimentally observed resonance shifts

Tunable plasmons in regular planar arrays of graphene nanoribbons with armchair and zigzag-shaped edges

• Cristian Vacacela Gomez,
• Michele Pisarra,
• Mario Gravina and
• Antonello Sindona

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 172–182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.18

• platform for controlling the propagation of surface-plasmon waves [15], because of its unique electronic and optical properties [16]. In particular, the extrinsic plasmons of this one-atom-thick hexagonal lattice of sp-bonded carbon atoms have shown much stronger confinement, larger tunablity and lower

• evidently absent in graphene. Quantum confinement and chirality are key factors for plasmon resonances at frequencies smaller than 2 eV. We see that zigzag systems exhibit an intraband plasmon, while armchair systems present an interband plasmon. These two modes correspond to the surface and edge plasmons

Effect of Anderson localization on light emission from gold nanoparticle aggregates

• Mohamed H. Abdellatif,
• Marco Salerno,
• Gaser N. Abdelrasoul,
• Ioannis Liakos,
• Alice Scarpellini,
• Sergio Marras and
• Alberto Diaspro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2013–2022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.192

• , respectively. The photon localization phenomena have been used intensively in optical antennas [9]. The understanding of the behavior of optical confinement would help the growing areas of photodetection [10], light emission [11], sensing [12] and spectroscopy [1]. Another crucial property of metals is the

• -similar pattern allowed nanofocusing and high field enhancement to be achieved in the subwavelength regime. The principle of confinement of optical pulses in metal nanoparticles arises from the existence of plasmons in metals, consisting of collective oscillations of an electron gas. In this work, we

• symmetric plasmon has a larger dipole moment and couples easily with light giving rise to plasmon absorption [20]. This can be seen in the PL emission from the AuNPs, since field enhancement due to confinement is possible by controlling the gaps and distances between the nanoparticles to create hot spots

Zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons: one-dimensional resonant channels in two-dimensional atomic crystals

• Carlos. J. Páez,
• Dario. A. Bahamon,
• Ana L. C. Pereira and
• Peter. A. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1983–1990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.189

• Paulo, SP, Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.7.189 Abstract We theoretically investigate phosphorene zigzag nanoribbons as a platform for constriction engineering. In the presence of a constriction at one of the edges, quantum confinement of edge-protected states reveals conductance peaks, if the edge is uncoupled

• different character than the resonances in the central band we will be focusing on. These transmission plateaus are due to the lateral confinement in a nanoribbon. This is confirmed by the green curve for mZ = 15, a deep step leading to a large shifting of the valence and conduction bands transmission

• would become rather involved with the presence of defect-induced barriers. However, scanning probe microscopy remains a way to reveal the edge quantum confinement. Conclusion So far, we have ignored the effect of Coulomb interactions. It is well known that the interplay of Coulomb blockade and quantum

Cubic chemically ordered FeRh and FeCo nanomagnets prepared by mass-selected low-energy cluster-beam deposition: a comparative study

• Veronique Dupuis,
• Anthony Robert,
• Arnaud Hillion,
• Ghassan Khadra,
• Nils Blanc,
• Damien Le Roy,
• Florent Tournus,
• Clement Albin,
• Olivier Boisron and
• Alexandre Tamion

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1850–1860, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.177

• , Université H. Poincarré-CNRS, F-5406 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures, UMR7374 Université d'Orléans-CNRS, F-45071 Orléans cedex, France Université Grenoble Alpes, Inst NEEL, F-38000 Grenoble, France CNRS, Inst NEEL, F-38000 Grenoble, France 10.3762/bjnano

Precise in situ etch depth control of multilayered III−V semiconductor samples with reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) equipment

• Ann-Kathrin Kleinschmidt,
• Lars Barzen,
• Johannes Strassner,
• Christoph Doering,
• Henning Fouckhardt,
• Wolfgang Bock,
• Michael Wahl and
• Michael Kopnarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1783–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.171

• mask of photoresist has been used to define the stripes (laser ridges). Adjacent to each of the ridges the upper cladding, the active region, and the lower cladding are removed by dry-etching to achieve strong optical confinement (compare [35]). In a second lithographic process (process II, see Figure

Fingerprints of a size-dependent crossover in the dimensionality of electronic conduction in Au-seeded Ge nanowires

• Maria Koleśnik-Gray,
• Gillian Collins,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Vojislav Krstić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1574–1578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.151

• have quasi one-dimensional character as reflected by the extracted screening lengths. Keywords: electrical transport; germanium nanowires; quasi-1D confinement; screening length; VLS growth; Results and Discussion Synthetic germanium nanowires (Ge NWs) have been proposed as potential next-generation

Development of adsorptive membranes by confinement of activated biochar into electrospun nanofibers

• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Mitra Naghdi,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• Emile Knystautas,
• Mausam Verma,
• Rao. Y. Surampalli and
• Jose. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1556–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.149

Dynamic of cold-atom tips in anharmonic potentials

• Tobias Menold,
• Peter Federsel,
• Carola Rogulj,
• Hendrik Hölscher,
• József Fortágh and
• Andreas Günther

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1543–1555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.148

• are identical as before, while the anharmonic trap has been extended in the transversal direction by a harmonic confinement with frequency ωy/z = 2π × 500 Hz. For comparison, Figure 3 includes the result for noninteracting particles, showing a reduced damping. Following Equation 12, the damping time

• holder. With counter-propagating currents, they produce a linear quadrupole field above the chip surface with atomic confinement in radial (x,y)-direction. Trapping in z-direction is achieved by superpositioning an inhomogeneous field along z. It is produced by a set of chip wires (transport wires

• explicitly using an infinite long wire approximation. The axial confinement is approximated via a harmonic potential along z. Homogeneous fields in y and z-direction are taken into account. Using this model function, the full trap anharmonicity in the x,y-direction is reproduced. For the numerical

Nanostructured germanium deposited on heated substrates with enhanced photoelectric properties

• Ionel Stavarache,
• Valentin Adrian Maraloiu,
• Petronela Prepelita and
• Gheorghe Iordache

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1492–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.142

• ; Introduction In the recent years, much attention was directed to study quantum confinement in nanostructures. Through the influence of quantum confinement on the electrical and optical properties new paths to improving and develop functional devices in nanoscale electronics and optoelectronics can be opened

• to the indirect bandgap issue of Ge-based materials are partially overcome, but the difficulty of controlling size and shape of the nanoparticles still remains. New approaches for fine-tuning the size and shape of nanoparticles would facilitate the understanding of their quantum confinement behavior

Diameter-driven crossover in resistive behaviour of heavily doped self-seeded germanium nanowires

• Stephen Connaughton,
• Maria Koleśnik-Gray,
• Richard Hobbs,
• Olan Lotty,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Vojislav Krstić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1284–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.119

• ][5][6][7][8][9]. Germanium nanowires (Ge NWs) are of particular interest as they provide the prospect for quantum-related phenomena associated with one-dimensional (1D) confinement already at diameters of tens of nm [10], or determining their electronic properties by surface doping [11]. Among

• coordinates [20][21] and for simplicity assuming a constant free-hole concentration nh. One finds the expression [22] where Φ0 is the electrostatic potential at the core/shell interface, ε0 is the vacuum permittivity, εr the dielectric constant of germanium, and e the elementary charge. The confinement of

• average sub-band bottom spacing compares to the thermal energy at room temperature (Supporting Information File 1) suggesting that a description within the 1D Kubo–Greenwood framework is valid [24]. These findings also demonstrate that indeed at diameters ≤ 20 nm the confinement is not negligible and

Mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for lithium–sulfur batteries: distribution of sulfur and electrochemical performance

• Anika C. Juhl,
• Artur Schneider,
• Boris Ufer,
• Torsten Brezesinski,
• Jürgen Janek and
• Michael Fröba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1229–1240, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.114

• the use in lithium–sulfur batteries because of the large internal void offering space for sulfur and polysulfide storage and confinement. However, there is an ongoing discussion whether the cavity is accessible for sulfur. Yet no valid proof of cavity filling has been presented, mostly due to

• lack of Raman bands might also be due to confinement effects. Thus, the appearance of bands at high sulfur loadings could also be explained either by sulfur filling the cavities of HCS or by sulfur accumulating on the outside of the spheres. SEM and EDX SEM images of HCS-58-vac and HCS-67-vac (Figure

• wt % sulfur and with reasonably high sulfur loading of 2.0 mg·cm−2 showed stable electrochemical performance over 500 cycles. It seems possible that the empty cavity has a positive effect on polysulfide confinement. In summary, the HCS employed in this work are a promising system capable of storing

A terahertz-vibration to terahertz-radiation converter based on gold nanoobjects: a feasibility study

• Kamil Moldosanov and
• Andrei Postnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 983–989, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.90

• at large angle γ to the momentum of the phonon. The absorption condition for the microwave-range photon is the following: where mel is the number of electron energy “gaps” (quantization steps between confinement-induced discrete energy levels in the nanoobject), and nvm is a number of vibrational

• form: where L is the confinement length delimiting the propagation of compression waves (i.e., the maximal dimension of a GNB or the median circumference of a GNR, correspondingly), and the sound velocity vL relates frequency to wave vector. Further on, assuming that the density in a GNB equals that

• , and the confinement-imposed energy quantization would likely prevent the necessary energy match of their respective nvmΔEvm values. Putting it differently, the major peaks in the densities of modes of transversal and longitudinal phonons in gold (and particularly in gold nanoparticles) are well

The role of morphology and coupling of gold nanoparticles in optical breakdown during picosecond pulse exposures

• Yevgeniy R. Davletshin and
• J. Carl Kumaradas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 869–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.79

• confinement corrections to the bulk optical properties of gold [3], (ii) a hyperbolic two-temperature model for the thermodynamic evolution of the electron and lattice temperatures of the gold nanoparticle [47], (iii) a rate equation of free-electron plasma generation in an aqueous environment based on the

Hierarchical coassembly of DNA–triptycene hybrid molecular building blocks and zinc protoporphyrin IX

• Rina Kumari,
• Sumit Singh,
• Mohan Monisha,
• Sourav Bhowmick,
• Anindya Roy,
• Neeladri Das and
• Prolay Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 697–707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.62

• regard to the light-induced oxidation of DHR 123 than the corresponding free Zn PpIX due to enhanced local confinement of ROS in the composite. Therefore, considering this feature, this system could be explored further for PDT, photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) and catalysis applications

Bacteriorhodopsin–ZnO hybrid as a potential sensing element for low-temperature detection of ethanol vapour

• Saurav Kumar,
• Sudeshna Bagchi,
• Senthil Prasad,
• Anupma Sharma,
• Ritesh Kumar,
• Rishemjit Kaur,
• Jagvir Singh and
• Amol P. Bhondekar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 501–510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.44

• ) mode is associated with intrinsic lattice defects [58][59]. The Raman spectra of ZnO-NR in Figure 5c shows a shift in the A1(LO) mode vibration by 8 cm−1, indicating the possibility of a confinement effect [60]. The vibrational spectra of the hybrid structures (Figure 5b,d) shows characteristic peaks

• the possibility of a confinement effect. The characteristic vibrational modes of bR were also observed in the hybrid structures with a small red shift. Dynamic response of the ethanol vapour sensing tests at 70 °C for 50, 100 and 200 ppm concentrations for (a) ZnO-TF/bR and (b) ZnO-NR/bR structures

Time-dependent growth of crystalline Au⁰-nanoparticles in cyanobacteria as self-reproducing bioreactors: 2. Anabaena cylindrica

• Liz M. Rösken,
• Felix Cappel,
• Susanne Körsten,
• Christian B. Fischer,
• Andreas Schönleber,
• Sander van Smaalen,
• Stefan Geimer,
• Christian Beresko,
• Georg Ankerhold and
• Stefan Wehner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 312–327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.30

• the nanoparticle production [23][29]. This will not be necessarily true for metal nanoparticle formed at the cell-wall at the outside of the cell, but even this constitutes a more restricted location than in a solution. In inorganic systems effects of the confinement on the nanoparticle formation have

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of hybrid metallic–dielectric plasmonic nanoantennas

• Mario Hentschel,
• Bernd Metzger,
• Bastian Knabe,
• Karsten Buse and
• Harald Giessen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 111–120, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.13

• ]. One can also transport energy on deep subwavelength length scales [5], create the plasmonic analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [6][7][8][9], and construct systems with tailorable near-field enhancement and confinement [10][11][12][13]. What is more, the resonant behavior of

Dependence of lattice strain relaxation, absorbance, and sheet resistance on thickness in textured ZnO@B transparent conductive oxide for thin-film solar cell applications

• Kuang-Yang Kou,
• Yu-En Huang,
• Chien-Hsun Chen and
• Shih-Wei Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 75–80, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.9

• microcrystallites has a strong green emission due to defect states in the core [11]. A blue-shifted absorption edge and photoluminescence caused by quantum confinement as well as a higher photovoltaic and sensor performance due to a larger surface area have been demonstrated in ZnO nanocrystals [14][15][16]. In

Current-induced runaway vibrations in dehydrogenated graphene nanoribbons

• Rasmus Bjerregaard Christensen,
• Jing-Tao Lü,
• Per Hedegård and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 68–74, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.8

• study since its discovery in 2004 [1]. Due to the strong σ-bonding between carbon atoms, graphene has a very high thermal conductivity, and can potentially sustain much higher current intensities than other materials. Graphene nanoribbons (GNR) exhibit a bandgap opening due to quantum confinement in the

• one may imagine doping or gating to shift the Fermi level, EF, as well as changes in geometry such as varying the distance between dimers. In this study, the nanoribbon has a width of 7 dimers corresponding to a C–C edge distance of 7.5 Å. The lateral confinement introduces a direct semi-conducting

Counterion effects on nano-confined metal–drug–DNA complexes

• Nupur Biswas,
• Sreeja Chakraborty,
• Alokmay Datta,
• Munna Sarkar,
• Mrinmay K. Mukhopadhyay,
• Mrinal K. Bera and
• Hideki Seto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 62–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.7

• Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.7.7 Abstract We have explored morphology of DNA molecules bound with Cu complexes of piroxicam (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) molecules under one-dimensional confinement of thin films and have studied the effect of

• counterions present in a buffer. X-ray reflectivity at and away from the Cu K absorption edge and atomic force microscopy studies reveal that confinement segregates the drug molecules preferentially in a top layer of the DNA film, and counterions enhance this segregation. Keywords: confinement; metal–drug

• . Thus, there are three aspects of the situation, which demand elucidation – the role of the ions, of the molecules (especially macromolecules) and of the confinement in the length scales of nanometers and micrometers – in maintaining the stability and homogeneity of the phase of the mixture [1][2][3][4

Blue and white light emission from zinc oxide nanoforests

• Nafisa Noor,
• Luca Lucera,
• Thomas Capuano,
• Venkata Manthina,
• Alexander G. Agrios,
• Helena Silva and
• Ali Gokirmak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2463–2469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.255

• obtained from vacuum and atmospheric pressure measurements also indicate a plasma process as the dominant mechanism for light emission. The confinement of the plasma within a micro-chamber to contain the evaporated material [29] together with integrated electrodes may lead to a sustainable plasma state

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering by colloidal CdSe nanocrystal submonolayers fabricated by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Larisa L. Sveshnikova,
• Tatyana A. Duda,
• Ekaterina E. Rodyakina,
• Volodymyr M. Dzhagan,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Sergey L. Veber,
• Cameliu Himcinschi,
• Alexander V. Latyshev and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2388–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.245

• orders of magnitude depending on the gap size) than the field located near a single metal nanocluster or a metal surface [33]. SERS enhancement benefits from the implementation of this experimental geometry. In particular, it allows the influence of the spatial confinement and the structure anisotropy on

Self-organization of gold nanoparticles on silanated surfaces

• Htet H. Kyaw,
• Salim H. Al-Harthi,
• Azzouz Sellai and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2345–2353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.242

• deposition of APTES molecules [7]. Thus, NH2-terminated APTES deposition on any substrate is extremely important for further surface modification. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have unique physical, chemical and electrical properties that differ from the bulk due to the quantum confinement effects in small

Influence of wide band gap oxide substrates on the photoelectrochemical properties and structural disorder of CdS nanoparticles grown by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method

• Mikalai V. Malashchonak,
• Alexander V. Mazanik,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Еugene А. Streltsov and
• Anatoly I. Kulak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2252–2262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.231

• occurrence of the quantum confinement effect, demonstrating the most rapid weakening with the increase of N in ZnO/CdS heterostructures. The structural disorder of CdS nanoparticles was characterized by the Urbach energy (EU), spectral width of the CdS longitudinal optical (LO) phonon band and the relative

• of Eg evaluated from the (Yhν)2–hν dependence for CdS nanoparticles exceed the Eg value of 2.4 eV for bulk cadmium sulfide at N ≤ 10 for ZnO/СdS, at N ≤ 20 for In2O3/СdS, and at N ≤ 60 for TiO2/СdS, indicating an electron-quantum-confinement effect. At the same time, at large N the Eg values become

• factors: phonon confinement leading to relaxation of the k = 0 selection rule for single-phonon scattering (k is a phonon wavevector) and an asymmetric low-energy LO band broadening [22]; scattering by disorder-activated zone-edge (DAZE) phonons [23]; or scattering by surface optical (SO) phonons [24]. As