Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• stability, retaining reliability at temperatures reaching up to 200 °C. This exceptional thermal resilience makes it ideally suited for demanding high-temperature applications, showing its potential across various industries. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman characterizations of the VACNTs

• . (a) Scanning electron microscopy image and (b) 3D close-up of the pixel-based CNT microbolometer. (a) TEM image showing DWCNTs and (b) Raman spectrum of the VACNTs. Schematic of the device under test (DUT) and measurement setups to characterize the CNT-based microbolometer. (a) Sample 1 with metal

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• in an invagination of the cell. This can be performed by different methods. If electron microscopy (EM) is used, it is important that serial sectioning is performed. Otherwise, one may see a particle which is apparently internalized, since it is far from the cell surface, but it might still be in an

• [29]. Other microscopy techniques that are useful for such studies are correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) [30], confocal microscopy with Z-stacks [4], and structured illumination microscopy (SIM) which can also demonstrate in which organelles the NPs are localized. The SIM image shown in

Ca_n neutral clusters: a two-step G₀W₀ and DFT benchmark

• Sunila Bakhsh,
• Sameen Aslam,
• Muhammad Khalid,
• Muhammad Sohail,
• Sundas Zafar,
• Sumayya Abdul Wadood,
• Kareem Morsy and
• Muhammad Aamir Iqbal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1010–1016, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.82

• geometries, electron affinities, and ionization potentials reported in the benchmark. The ground-state structure geometry and binding energy were obtained from the DFT for the ground-state structure of each cluster. The binding energy of the neutral clusters of the calcium series follows an increasing trend

• , except for a few stable even and odd clusters. The electronic properties of the calcium cluster were studied with an all-electron FHI-aims code. In the G0W0 calculation, the magic cluster Ca10 has relatively high ionization potential and low electron affinity. The obtained ionization potentials from the

• G0W0@PBE calculation showed that the larger cluster has less variation, whereas the electron affinities of the series have an increasing trend. The ionization potentials from the G0W0 benchmark for the calcium cluster series have not yet been described in the literature. Keywords: calcium clusters

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• -care diagnostic systems. This device was realized using a top-to-down approach with an anisotropic and cost-effective self-stop etching method [85][86]. A novel CMOS anisotropic technique was implemented for the etching process, combining classical optical and electron beam lithography with anisotropic

• scalability, which improves reliability as a hot electron impact is significantly reduced at lower operating bias voltages. Hence, it offers higher power efficiency and reliability. 2.2.21 Overlap gate-on-drain TFET-based biosensors. An overlap gate-on-drain (OGOD) TFET-based biosensor has been reported by

Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites

• Dan Sameoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79

• within channels is distributed between more fibers surrounding the channels. Panel (b) shows a scanning electron microscopy image of a 5 × 7 mm gecko gasket design for electrophoresis. Panel (c) is a compilation image of multiple applications for the gecko gaskets, including microfluidics integrated on

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• scattering (DLS) and zeta potential spectra measurements were carried out in three replicates on a nanoPartica Horiba SZ-100 (Japan) with a scattering angle of 90° at 25 °C to determine the size distribution and stability of the nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) The F127-folate@PLGA/CHL

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• and yield of the as-prepared MIL-100(Fe) materials, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements, determination of textural properties, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

• -100Fe@Fe2O3 materials was collected using a field-emission scanning electron microscope Leo-Supra 55 (Carl Zeiss STM, Germany). An attenuated total reflectance (ATR) setup was adopted to record the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of all samples on a Frontier spectrometer (PerkinElmer, USA) in

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• Cristiano Glessi Fabian A. Polman Cornelis W. Hagen Delft University of Technology, Fac. Applied Sciences, Dept. Imaging Physics, Lorentzweg 1, 2628CJ Delft, Netherlands 10.3762/bjnano.15.73 Abstract Direct fabrication of pure metallic nanostructures is one of the main aims of focused electron

• precursor MeCpPtMe3. As a water precursor MgSO4·7H2O was used. The purification during deposition led to a decrease of the carbon-to-gold ratio (in atom %) from 2.8 to 0.5 and a decrease of the carbon-to-platinum ratio (in atom %) from 6–7 to 0.2. The purification was done in a regular scanning electron

• microscope using commercially available components and chemicals, which paves the way for a broader application of direct etching-assisted FEBID to obtain pure metallic structures. Keywords: FEBID; gold; nanofabrication; platinum; purification; Introduction Focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• extending over a larger time frame. Ageing effects on the morphology of the attachment pads and the autofluorescence of the cuticle were documented using light, scanning electron, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results show that both adhesion and friction forces decline with age. Deflation of

• projections. 8 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) For inspection of the tarsal morphology of different age groups, samples were chosen after CLSM to compare regions of interest, such as altered autofluorescence or damage. Selected tarsi were transferred from glycerin into 50% ethanol via a gradual series of

• SCD500 (Leica Camera AG, Wetzlar, Germany) coater. A Hitachi TM3000 (Hitachi Ltd. Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) scanning electron microscope was used to document the tarsal morphology at 15 kV acceleration voltage. 9 Data analysis Data analysis was performed in the R environment [51] using R Studio [52

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• incorporating the electronic structure in the model, that is, by using the electron configuration of the elements (e.g., by using electron configuration fingerprints) [32]. In this way, the atomic orbitals can be easily represented and used to estimate the molecular/crystal orbitals in the NM without requiring

• ), properties such as the ionization potential, the electron affinity, the absolute electronegativity and the absolute hardness, as well as the adsorption energy of the metal have been used (using literature values or QM calculations) [47][48][49][50]. In those cases, the descriptors were obtained for a single

• ]. At the other extreme, there are studies where the only difference among the nanoforms used (without considering endpoint-related descriptors such as dose or time) is the size [58][59]. The size of nanoparticles is commonly measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM images can provide

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• cocatalysts. Their catalytic properties can be tailored based on their crystal structure, their surface area, and their morphology [12][13]. When TMD catalysts are intermixed, they form semiconductor–semiconductor junctions, enhancing their photocatalytic properties by promoting charge separation and electron

• generation of electron–hole pairs (EHPs) [21]. The generated EHPs react with oxygen and water molecules to produce highly reactive species, such as hydroxyl radicals, which oxidize and degrade MB contaminants. Hence, evaluating the PD processes in the case of MoS2 and WS2 as TMD materials is crucial for

• binding energies). This means there is no chemical shift in the compounds, implying that the intermixing of Mo and W did not disturb the chemical environment, and the elements retained a stable chemical bond. Microstructure analysis Figure 4 shows scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of all

Synthesis of silver–palladium Janus nanoparticles using co-sputtering of independent sources: experimental and theorical study

• Maria J. Martínez-Carreón,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Abel Fundora,
• Claudio D. Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Hector N. Fernández-Escamilla,
• Jonathan Guerrero-Sánchez,
• Manuel F. Meléndrez and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 808–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.67

• promote the synthesis of bimetallic Janus nanoparticles. The structural properties of the resulting nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the chemical composition was analyzed by TEM energy dispersive spectroscopy (TEM-EDS), which, together with structural analysis

• using a JEOL JEM-2100F microscope. The EDS analysis was performed using INCA software. In order to assist the interpretation of the electron micrographs, several atomistic models of AgPd nanoparticles were created. These models consist of nanospheres of approximately 10 nm diameter, for a total of

• -defined regions in the TEM micrographs. In STEM, the main differences in intensity are expected to occur when two elements with notably different atomic numbers interact with the electron beam; in this case, the two elements involved have very similar atomic numbers (46 for Pd and 47 for Ag); thus the

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• the interaction with free electrons. The motivation comes from the possible use of this molecule as a nanofabrication precursor and from the corresponding need to understand its elementary reactions fundamental to the electron-induced deposition. We utilize two complementary electron collision setups

• and support the interpretation of data by quantum chemical calculations. This way, both the dissociative ionization and dissociative electron attachment fragmentation channels are characterized. Considerable differences in the degree of precursor fragmentation in these two channels are observed

• . Interesting differences also appear when this precursor is compared to structurally similar iron pentacarbonyl. The present findings shed light on the recent electron-induced chemistry of Fe(CO)4MA on a surface under ultrahigh vacuum. Keywords: electron collision; focused electron beam-induced deposition

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• biological properties of the scaffolds developed for application as wound dressings. The scaffold systems obtained by PSI synthesis, salt addition, and fiber formation were first investigated by scanning electron microscopy. In almost all cases, different salts caused a decrease in the fiber diameter of PSI

• scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical tests, investigation of salt dissolution from the scaffolds, examination of their antibacterial activity against four different bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and

• . Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Scanning electron microscopy images were taken to determine the fiber diameters of salt-containing polymer scaffolds. They were made at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Polymer Technology, applying a

Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• recombination of electron–hole pairs, quantum effects, surface functional groups, surface states, molecular states, and fluorophores exhibiting differing degrees of π-conjugation. Generally, CQDs comprise a carbon-core domain and surface domains [29]. In the context of PL processes in CQDs, the emission of

• fluorescence is intriguing and often associated with the presence of surface defects. Various researchers have highlighted the role of radiative recombination of electron–hole pairs and the influence of functional groups within the carbon network in driving the fluorescence phenomenon [24][30][31]. Furthermore

• exposed to sunlight, both exhibited a remarkable increment on their catalytic activity. This indicates that, even when the size on these carbon structures does not correspond to that of the CQDs, the photodegradation can be activated possibly due to an electron–hole pair on the surface of the carbon

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• characterized using an analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM) Hitachi SU-70 with the X-ray microanalysis system (EDX) enabling composition analysis (Thermo Fisher Pathfinder system with a silicon drift detector). Additionally, in the study, a scanning probe microscope (Dimension Icon, Bruker) was used

• cracking. This phenomenon was manifested, for example, during SEM measurements, when the sample was locally heated by an electron beam, as shown in Figure 1. Simultaneously, exposing the samples to thermal processing results in a reduction of the content of carbon atoms. On this basis, it is postulated

• films surface prior to (left) and after exposure of the indicated area to an electron beam for 30 s (right). The C 1s peaks in high-resolution XPS spectra of as-grown films (left) and processed using the HT+RTA procedure (2×) (right). SEM and AFM images of the surface of the as-grown, 1×, 2×, and 3

Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate

• Alexander V. Rumyantsev,
• Nikolai I. Borgardt,
• Roman L. Volkov and
• Yuri A. Chaplygin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 733–742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.61

• , and their cross sections were visualized in scanning transmission electron microscopy images. The superimposition of the calculated structure profiles onto the images showed a satisfactory agreement between simulation and experimental results. In the case of boxes that were prepared with an asymmetric

• understanding of the sputtering process, the distribution of oxygen atoms in the redeposited layer derived from the numerical data was compared with the corresponding elemental map acquired by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Keywords: electron microscopy; focused ion beam; level set simulation

• sputtering of a multilayer substrate under FIB irradiation. The results of the calculations for narrow trenches and rectangular boxes with varying aspect ratios were compared with cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images of experimental test structures fabricated in the silicon

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray mapping. The TiO2/GQDs-GCE exhibits better electrochemical activity for uric acid and hypoxanthine than GQDs/GCE or TiO2/GCE in differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements. Under optimized

• through edge effects. Edge-functionalized GQDs have oxygen-containing functional groups such as hydroxy, carboxyl, carbonyl, and epoxy groups, which can conjugate to various biological/organic/inorganic molecules such as proteins, antibodies, or metal ions [12]. The capability of electron transfer/energy

• GQDs were observed by using a JEM 2100 high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Joel, Japan. Raman spectroscopy measurements were performed on a WiTec, Alpha 300R with a 532 nm laser. Surface analyses of the obtained materials were carried out using a S-4800 scanning electron

Reduced subthreshold swing in a vertical tunnel FET using a low-work-function live metal strip and a low-k material at the drain

• Kalai Selvi Kanagarajan and
• Dhanalakshmi Krishnan Sadhasivan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 713–718, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.59

• previously published model, the proposed design uses a low-k material in the drain region to reduce Cgd. A metal strip with low work function placed at the source–channel interface causes an abrupt change in electron concentration, increasing the tunneling rate [14][15][16][17][18]. Molybdenum, used here as

• for the simulations. The same models and experimental data have been used for the simulation of proposed structure, and the results are compared. Results and Discussion Electron concentration and electric field The electron concentration for a VTFET with dual low-work-function live strip and a low-k

• SiO2 spacer at the drain (DLWLS + spacer), a VTFET with dual low-work-function live strip (DLWLS), and a VTFET with a low-k SiO2 spacer at the drain are shown in Figure 2. Compared to the other two designs, the VTFET with DLWLS + spacer has a higher electron concentration. This is because the high-k

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• the mechanical properties of Ga2O3 nanowires (NWs). In this work, we investigated the elastic modulus of individual β-Ga2O3 NWs using two distinct techniques – in-situ scanning electron microscopy resonance and three-point bending in atomic force microscopy. The structural and morphological properties

• of the synthesised NWs were investigated using X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopies. The resonance tests yielded the mean elastic modulus of 34.5 GPa, while 75.8 GPa mean value was obtained via three-point bending. The measured elastic moduli values indicate the need for

• finely controllable β-Ga2O3 NW synthesis methods and detailed post-examination of their mechanical properties before considering their application in future nanoscale devices. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; elastic modulus; gallium oxide; mechanical properties; nanowire; scanning electron microscopy

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• systems by architecting atoms, molecules, and nanomaterials as building blocks [1]. This interplay at the nanoscale renders a plethora of unique physicochemical properties to nanomaterials. These unique properties are due to the mean free path of an electron in a metal which is ≈10–100 nm at room

• temperature [2]. The mean free path of an electron is influenced by shape/size of the metal nanoparticles which ultimately governs their physical, chemical, optical, magnetic, catalytic, and electronic properties [3]. All plasmonic metals exhibit optical phenomena over a range of electromagnetic radiation

• incorporation into k-CG hydrogel beads. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements The actual mean size of the synthesized makura-shaped nanoparticles was calculated in terms of length/width aspect ratio. Figure 4 shows transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• , also known as a peg-in-pit sensillum [154]. The protruding hair-like receptors help to absorb thermal radiation, since the penetration depth of infrared radiation into insect cuticle is quite shallow [155]. Additionally, the hair-like sensillum possesses electron-dense filaments that may improve

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• . Optical breakdown occurs when the free-electron density surpasses a critical value, resulting in a high-density plasma, and the optical breakdown threshold is significantly reduced in the presence of metal nanoparticles [49][81][82]. Supercontinuum emission can occur at low fluences, when pulses shorter

• spectra at long pulse durations and high irradiance [84]. This approach provides the essential understanding of the dependence of electron energy spectra on laser pulse duration, wavelength, and irradiance, which opens pathways for inducing energy-specific molecular modifications in dielectric media, such

• as water and even aqueous solutes. Thus, this model formed the basis that enabled the derivation of yield functions for a variety of direct electron-mediated DNA damage pathways and indirect damage by •OH radicals resulting from laser and electron interactions with water [85]. In general, LSPC in

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• temperature to generate ionized particles. These ionized species interact with the ceramic crystal of TiN, resulting in a pronounced structural expansion. The exfoliated TiN products were comprehensively characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy

• cellulose acetate membrane with 200 nm pores. The process was concluded by drying to obtain the TiN nanosheets. The flowchart of the synthesis procedure is shown in Figure 1. The morphology of the exfoliated material was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with a Jeol JEM-2100 electron

• the same exfoliation method. These combined findings highlight the structural changes during the non-thermal plasma exfoliation process, further supporting the successful transformation of bulk TiN into nanosheets. Figure 3 shows high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of TiN

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• stick insect Medauroidea extradentata using scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography, light microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our observations revealed structural differences between both attachment pads, reflecting their distinct functionality. Furthermore, our results

• relatively large adhesive organs that bear no further surface microstructures [47][55][56] and because the droplet morphology of its tarsal secretion has been recently analysed [28][38][47][55][56]. Combining different imaging techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning

• blue. In addition, the blue colour intensity corresponds to the relative electron density of the tissue in TEM [57][58][59]. Cason’s triple stain allows for the differentiation of differently sclerotized regions from brown over orange to yellow (with a decreasing degree of sclerotization) to resilin