The influence of molecular mobility on the properties of networks of gold nanoparticles and organic ligands

• Edwin J. Devid,
• Paulo N. Martinho,
• M. Venkata Kamalakar,
• Úna Prendergast,
• Christian Kübel,
• Tibebe Lemma,
• Jean-François Dayen,
• Tia. E. Keyes,
• Bernard Doudin,
• Mario Ruben and
• Sense Jan van der Molen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1664–1674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.177

• nanoparticles. The so-called filling factor f = Vclusters/Vtotal denotes the relative volume occupied by other nanoparticles around the resonating nanoparticle. In this way, the surrounding nanoparticles in an array are incorporated into the theory effectively. Note that for f = 0 (i.e., there is no interaction

• C12, the SPR shifts to shorter wavelengths [9], as expected for a blue shift originating from a change in the spacing distance between the gold nanoparticles, i.e., a decrease in the filling factor f, (see Equation 1). Note that the change in εm is expected to be negligible for the alkanethiol series

Silica nanoparticles are less toxic to human lung cells when deposited at the air–liquid interface compared to conventional submerged exposure

• Alicja Panas,
• Andreas Comouth,
• Harald Saathoff,
• Thomas Leisner,
• Marco Al-Rawi,
• Michael Simon,
• Gunnar Seemann,
• Olaf Dössel,
• Sonja Mülhopt,
• Hanns-Rudolf Paur,
• Susanne Fritsch-Decker,
• Carsten Weiss and
• Silvia Diabaté

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1590–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.171

• filling factor of 1.56 assuming a polytetrahedral structure. In order to justify this simplification the deposited mass dose of the FITC-labeled SiO2-50 nm particles was estimated additionally from their fluorescent intensity. Therefore, the exposed Transwell inserts were filled with 0.8 mL distilled

Formation of Cu_xAu_1−x phases by cold homogenization of Au/Cu nanocrystalline thin films

• Alona Tynkova,
• Gabor L. Katona,
• Gabor A. Langer,
• Sergey I. Sidorenko,
• Svetlana M. Voloshko and
• Dezso L. Beke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1491–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.162

• layer (Figure 1b) as well as of the Au composition inside the Cu layer (Figure 1d). In addition there is a minimum of the Cu profile inside the Au layer. These are the consequences of the GB mass transport along the GBs. The complete filling-up of grain boundaries, e.g., in Au would lead to a maximum

• overall composition of the diffusing elements on both sides is rather high and cannot be simply explained by a filling-up of grain boundaries only, because the values obtained are larger than the one corresponding to the average value estimated from the volume fraction of the grain boundary area at the

• boundary motion and reaction layer formation, the process starts by grain boundary interdiffusion and after the filling-up of grain boundaries the reaction starts here. After the formation of the reaction zone (solid solution or ordered phase) the atomic transport along the original GB, or along the newly

Microstructural and plasmonic modifications in Ag–TiO₂ and Au–TiO₂ nanocomposites through ion beam irradiation

• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra,
• Venkata Girish Kotnur,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi,
• Thomas Strunskus,
• Vladimir Zaporotchenko,
• Dietmar Fink,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Franz Faupel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.154

• , antibacterial coatings, photocatalysts, and implants [13][14][15][16][17][18]. The different properties of metal–TiO2 nanocomposites mainly depend on the metal volume filling fraction and the stoichiometry of the matrix. Generally, once the nanocomposites are prepared their properties are fixed. It is therefore

• nanocomposites at different ion beam fluences has been studied and discussed here. Results and Discussion The microstructural morphologies of Au–TiO2 nanocomposites with metal volume filling fractions (MVF) from 7 to 50% were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies and are shown in Figure

• selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns corresponding to each MVF composite is shown exactly below each TEM image. Bright field TEM morphologies of Ag–TiO2 nanocomposite films with different metal volume filling fractions, (a) 15%, (b) 26%, (c) 34% and (d) 47%. Morphological evolutions in Au

Review of nanostructured devices for thermoelectric applications

• Giovanni Pennelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1268–1284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.141

• distribution of filling ions as well as their “rattling” effect increases the phonon scattering on a large spectrum, so that the thermal conductivity is strongly reduced and Z is quite high. Several filling elements, such as La [32], Co [33], Ta [34], and others, have been experimented. Recently, filled [35

Physical principles of fluid-mediated insect attachment - Shouldn’t insects slip?

• Jan-Henning Dirks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1160–1166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.127

• actually smooth. Experimental studies indeed show that the adhesive fluid actually plays a more important role in increasing adhesion on rough surfaces by filling gaps between the pad and the surface, thereby maximizing contact area and adhesion to rough substrates [45][46]. This has been shown by studies

Highly NO₂ sensitive caesium doped graphene oxide conductometric sensors

• Carlo Piloto,
• Marco Notarianni,
• Mahnaz Shafiei,
• Elena Taran,
• Dilini Galpaya,
• Cheng Yan and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1073–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.120

• Community Framework Programme, and the Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry program “Filling the research gap” for funding. We thank the technical support of Dr. P. Hines, Dr. H. Diao from the Central Analytical Research Facility of the Institute for Future Environments

Nanoforging – Innovation in three-dimensional processing and shaping of nanoscaled structures

• Andreas Landefeld and
• Joachim Rösler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1066–1070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.118

• example, studies on chip formation in the nanoscale are a wide field of research at present [1][2]. But three dimensional cutting in the nanoscale is still unexplored. Casting is also limited in its nano-applicability. The mold filling depends on the mold temperature and the filling pressure [3] and is

• in macroscopic forging, which is not an issue when microscopic material volumes are formed. As mentioned above, the small volume of the used material also yields mechanical properties which are not achievable in macroscopic forging. Consequently high degrees of deformation, good mold filling as well

Nanoscale patterning of a self-assembled monolayer by modification of the molecule–substrate bond

• Cai Shen and
• Manfred Buck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 258–267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.28

• referenced to Cu2+/Cu. Before filling in the electrolyte, the sample potential was set to +0.4 V. UPD was performed at potentials in the range of 0–300 mV, depending on the desired deposition rate. Generation of binary SAM. The exchange of BP2 by AdSH was done in a 0.1 M KOH ethanol solution containing 1 mM

Photovoltaic properties of ZnO nanorods/p-type Si heterojunction structures

• Rafal Pietruszka,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Grzegorz Luka,
• Lukasz Wachnicki,
• Sylwia Gieraltowska,
• Krzysztof Kopalko,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Piotr Bieganski,
• Ewa Placzek-Popko and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 173–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.17

• impact of Rs is the reduction of FF in the investigated structures. In case of sample C, the best value of Rs equals 5.1 Ω. We noticed that FF decreases from 38% to 28% when Rs increases from 5.1 Ω to 20.8 Ω. We observe an increase of the short circuit current, open circuit voltage and the filling factor

Constant-distance mode SECM as a tool to visualize local electrocatalytic activity of oxygen reduction catalysts

• Michaela Nebel,
• Thomas Erichsen and
• Wolfgang Schuhmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 141–151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.14

• . The depth of about 19 µm allows high catalyst loadings making any impact of bottom irregularities on the activity determination being negligible. The microcavities were further used for catalyst immobilization and manually filled with the catalyst powder (Figure 2d). The result of the filling

• shown in Figure 3b. The lateral inhomogeneous filling of the microcavity with the catalyst powder is clearly visible. With respect to the surrounding glass plane the catalyst filling is elevated by about 1 to 2 µm. Additionally, the unfilled part of the cavity can be distinguished, however, due to the

• exclusively above areas filled with catalyst material. The current detection of the 4D SF/CD mode is sensitive enough to visualize the fine structure of the filling and even the thin catalyst layer at the left side of the cavity was distinguished as a location of higher catalytic activity. No interference of

The role of oxygen and water on molybdenum nanoclusters for electro catalytic ammonia production

• Jakob G. Howalt and
• Tejs Vegge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 111–120, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.11

• cycles correspond roughly to an addition of 10 electrons, corresponding to the filling of a d-shell. Figure S1 in Supporting Information File 1 shows the d-band of the molybdenum nanocluster as the oxygen coverage increases and it is observed that the d-band broadens and the energetically lower lying d

• adsorption of a few oxygen atoms greatly distorts the surface; this restructuring allows a higher filling of oxygen on the surface, see Figure 3d. The maximum filling of the surface increases to 16 oxygen atoms and further additions of oxygen atoms are energetically unfavourable. Close to a full overlayer

• ) adsorption of oxygen at a nitrogen vacancy site on Mo13N12. Oxygen is adsorbed in the bridge site in both cases. The total free energy for covering the Mo13 nanocluster with nitrogen, oxygen or hydrogen. The filled black line shows the filling of the nitrogen skin, while the filled blue line shows the

Adsorption of the ionic liquid [BMP][TFSA] on Au(111) and Ag(111): substrate effects on the structure formation investigated by STM

• Benedikt Uhl,
• Florian Buchner,
• Dorothea Alwast,
• Nadja Wagner and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 903–918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.102

Ellipsometry and XPS comparative studies of thermal and plasma enhanced atomic layer deposited Al₂O₃-films

• Jörg Haeberle,
• Karsten Henkel,
• Hassan Gargouri,
• Franziska Naumann,
• Bernd Gruska,
• Michael Arens,
• Massimo Tallarida and
• Dieter Schmeißer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 732–742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.83

• filling/defilling of fixed charges. To check further whether the mentioned shifts of the core levels of the PE-ALD samples in comparison to the T-ALD sample originate from some surface bend bending we measured the O1s core level at different excitation energies (Figure 9a). In the T-ALD sample we observe

Large-scale atomistic and quantum-mechanical simulations of a Nafion membrane: Morphology, proton solvation and charge transport

• Pavel V. Komarov,
• Pavel G. Khalatur and
• Alexei R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 567–587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.65

Deformation-induced grain growth and twinning in nanocrystalline palladium thin films

• Aaron Kobler,
• Jochen Lohmiller,
• Jonathan Schäfer,
• Michael Kerber,
• Anna Castrup,
• Ankush Kashiwar,
• Patric A. Gruber,
• Karsten Albe,
• Horst Hahn and
• Christian Kübel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 554–566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.64

• 0.15 and index greater than 20. Crystallite filtering: Removal of crystallites with an equivalent diameter <8 nm (ncPd 1) <10 nm (ncPd 2). No re-filling of any of the removed pixels was performed. Independent of the exact filter settings used in steps 2–4, the trends revealed in this study remain the

Magnetic anisotropy of graphene quantum dots decorated with a ruthenium adatom

• Igor Beljakov,
• Velimir Meded,
• Franz Symalla,
• Karin Fink,
• Sam Shallcross and
• Wolfgang Wenzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 441–445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.51

• spin polarisation of the ZGQD arises from a highly localized pz-type edge state [26], and the total moment of the quantum dot is exactly equal to the difference in number between the A-type atoms and B-type atoms, in agreement with the theorem of magnetism in a bipartite lattice at half filling

In situ monitoring magnetism and resistance of nanophase platinum upon electrochemical oxidation

• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Stefan Topolovec,
• Stephan Landgraf,
• Heinz Krenn and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 394–399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.46

• monotonically decreases with increasing oxygen coverage [20]. This also demonstrates that a simple picture of voltage-induced filling or depletion of rigid electronic bands fails, because within such a picture positive charging, i.e., extraction of electrons from the nearly filled d-band of Pt would give rise

Porous polymer coatings as substrates for the formation of high-fidelity micropatterns by quill-like pens

• Michael Hirtz,
• Marcus Lyon,
• Wenqian Feng,
• Andrea E. Holmes,
• Harald Fuchs and
• Pavel A. Levkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 377–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.44

• ). After filling of the reservoir on the SPT with the dye solution, it is brought into contact with the substrate surface for a defined dwell time to allow a flow to the substrate by capillary forces. The SPT is retracted and moved to the next spotting position. The process of relocation, contacting and

Grain boundaries and coincidence site lattices in the corneal nanonipple structure of the Mourning Cloak butterfly

• Ken C. Lee and
• Uwe Erb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 292–299, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.32

• . However, a reduced eye reflection does not necessarily require ordered nipple arrangements. Space filling due to the curved surfaces of the ommatidia could be another reason for the preference of coordination defects. If the intent is to create the highest possible density of nipples on the eye, a

• perfectly flat closed-packed crystal must include some sort of defects when curvature is introduced. In fact, nature uses this trick quite often to introduce curvature into hexagonal closely packed structures. For example, the combs of honey bees and social wasps, which also make use of space-filling

Continuous parallel ESI-MS analysis of reactions carried out in a bespoke 3D printed device

• Jennifer S. Mathieson,
• Mali H. Rosnes,
• Victor Sans,
• Philip J. Kitson and
• Leroy Cronin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 285–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.31

• . The oscillation was carried out by firstly filling pumps B and C at the same rate, with an outlet flow rate at pump C (containing Ni(NO3)2·6H2O) of 62.5 µL·min−1 and pump B (containing ttop) at a flow rate of 31.25 µL·min−1. The reaction solutions were then mixed together in the device to form the

Photoelectrochemical and Raman characterization of In₂O₃ mesoporous films sensitized by CdS nanoparticles

• Mikalai V. Malashchonak,
• Sergey K. Poznyak,
• Eugene A. Streltsov,
• Anatoly I. Kulak,
• Olga V. Korolik and
• Alexander V. Mazanik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 255–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.27

• , Minsk 220072, Belarus 10.3762/bjnano.4.27 Abstract The method of successive ion layer adsorption and reaction was applied for the deposition of CdS nanoparticles onto a mesoporous In2O3 substrate. The filling of the nanopores in In2O3 films with CdS particles mainly occurs during the first 30 cycles of

• steepest rise in the absorbance is observed when increasing the number of SILAR cycles from 10 to 30. The absorbance does not change notably with the further deposition of CdS, indicating that the filling of the nanopore volume in In2O3 films with CdS particles occurs mainly during the first 30 cycles of

• photocurrent by an order of magnitude. When increasing the number of cycles of CdS deposition, gradual filling of nanopores of the indium oxide film by CdS particles occurs resulting in a rise of the optical absorbance of the In2O3/CdS films and in an increase of the photocurrent of the corresponding

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• functionalization is obtained by filling the inner cavity with guest nanoparticles [14] or molecules [15]. This can be achieved by using colloidal suspensions or applying special thermal or chemical conditions (called “wet chemistry”). In the second strategy, termed “exohedral functionalization”, only the external

• ] reported the engineering of VA-CNTs membranes in four steps: (i) growth of aligned MWCNTs by chemical vapor deposition, (ii) CNT filling with polystyrene, (iii) HF etching in order to separate the composite film from the substrate, and (iv) H2O plasma oxidation in order to remove excess surface polymer and

Structural and electronic properties of oligo- and polythiophenes modified by substituents

• Simon P. Rittmeyer and
• Axel Groß

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 909–919, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.101

• addressed charged polythiophenes in order to model doped systems and to check whether the modified electronic properties can simply be regarded as effects resulting from band filling or band emptying. Methods Our calculations are based on the periodic DFT code implemented in the Vienna Ab initio Simulation

Sub-10 nm colloidal lithography for circuit-integrated spin-photo-electronic devices

• Adrian Iovan,
• Marco Fischer,
• Roberto Lo Conte and
• Vladislav Korenivski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 884–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.98

• , possibly due to some shadow-filling and/or particle-shape modification during Al deposition. We found this mask-transfer process to reliably yield hole-masks in the ≈10 nm range, as verified by SEM, AFM, and transport data. A successful and stable lift-off process at these small length scales was found to