Thermal energy storage – overview and specific insight into nitrate salts for sensible and latent heat storage

• Nicole Pfleger,
• Thomas Bauer,
• Claudia Martin,
• Markus Eck and
• Antje Wörner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1487–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.154

• materials for direct thermal energy storage for CSP applications. With regard to the thermal decomposition, the investigation is complex. Many factors influence decomposition reactions, such as the type of the salt, the temperature and the gas phase composition. There is still a need to examine thermal

Enhanced fullerene–Au(111) coupling in (2√3 × 2√3)R30° superstructures with intermolecular interactions

• Michael Paßens,
• Rainer Waser and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1421–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.147

• the C60 forming this domain has striking similarities with the molecule marked with a red circle in Figure 4c. Spectroscopy The molecular orbitals of fullerenes are highly degenerated in the gas phase due to the high molecular symmetry. The HOMOs and the LUMOs exhibit a degeneracy of 5 and 3

Electron and heat transport in porphyrin-based single-molecule transistors with electro-burnt graphene electrodes

• Hatef Sadeghi,
• Sara Sangtarash and
• Colin J. Lambert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1413–1420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.146

• interactions. The central porphyrin is also connected to two side groups, which stabilize the molecule within the junction. We first use density functional theory (DFT) to study the electronic structure of the PM. To characterize the gas phase molecule, the isolated PM shown in Figure 1a is relaxed to reach

• yields Eg = 3.84 eV. The Kohn–Sham DFT eigenvalues predict and using the generalised gradient approximation/Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof exchange-correlation functional (GGA/PBE), which results in a Kohn–Sham DFT gap of for the gas phase molecule. Figure 2 shows the iso-surfaces of the HOMO−1, HOMO, LUMO and

• the HOMO resonance, indicating HOMO-dominated transport, which is consistent with the local density calculation shown in Figure 2 for a gas phase molecule. The inset of Figure 4 shows the zero-bias current of the PM–EBG device at 0 K and 300 K. Under nonequilibrium conditions at finite voltages, the

Can molecular projected density of states (PDOS) be systematically used in electronic conductance analysis?

• Tonatiuh Rangel,
• Gian-Marco Rignanese and
• Valerio Olevano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1247–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.128

• and the consequent interpretation of the conductance spectrum. Two main methods have been used so far in the literature for identifying MOs. Method 1: The are chosen to be the eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonians of the uncontacted, gas phase, isolated molecule [41]. For consistency, they are usually

• three different PDOS calculated following Method 1 (gas phase) and Method 2 (junction). For the former, both the dithiol and dithiolate molecules are considered. Without entering into all details, it is clear that the PDOS strongly depends on the method used to calculate it, reflecting previously seen

• difficulties), here we propose a new approach that is based on an evolution of Method 1. Method 3: The are chosen as the eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian of the uncontacted, gas phase, isolated molecule, to which some charge is added, accounting for metal–molecule charge transfer. The same supercell is used

Probing fibronectin–antibody interactions using AFM force spectroscopy and lateral force microscopy

• Andrzej J. Kulik,
• Małgorzata Lekka,
• Kyumin Lee,
• Grazyna Pyka-Fościak and
• Wieslaw Nowak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1164–1175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.118

• surface from gas phase for 2 h in a desiccator. Next, the sample was immersed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution for 20 min and afterwards rinsed with 10 mM PBS buffer. Then, the prepared sample was completely immersed in 0.1 mg/mL FN solution in PBS for 60 min, which prevented drying. Then, it was

• silanized using APTES from the gas phase, then their surface was activated using a 1.5% aqueous glutaraldehyde solution and rinsed with PBS buffer. Then, the cantilevers were immersed in a drop (≈50 µL) of PBS solution of 0.05 mg/mL Mab for 30 min, and afterwards rinsed with PBS buffer. These prepared

Electrical characterization of single molecule and Langmuir–Blodgett monomolecular films of a pyridine-terminated oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) derivative

• Henrry M. Osorio,
• Santiago Martín,
• María Carmen López,
• Santiago Marqués-González,
• Simon J. Higgins,
• Richard J. Nichols,
• Paul J. Low and
• Pilar Cea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1145–1157, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.116

• is illustrated in Figure 2. This isotherm shows a zero surface pressure in the 1.2–0.35 nm2·molecule−1 range, which corresponds to a monolayer in the gas phase. At 0.35 nm2·molecule−1 there is a lift-off in the π–A isotherm, which is followed by a monotonous increase of the surface pressure upon

Charge carrier mobility and electronic properties of Al(Op)₃: impact of excimer formation

• Andrea Magri,
• Pascal Friederich,
• Bernhard Schäfer,
• Valeria Fattori,
• Xiangnan Sun,
• Timo Strunk,
• Velimir Meded,
• Luis E. Hueso,
• Wolfgang Wenzel and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1107–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.112

• )3 are reported. Phenalenyl-based complexes (more specifically lanthanoid phenalenyls) have been previously studied for their peculiar photoluminescence in the gas phase [18][19]. Greisch et al. observed that the alkali metal cationization of Eu(Op)3 increases the capability of the ligand 1-oxo-1H

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

Structure and mechanism of the formation of core–shell nanoparticles obtained through a one-step gas-phase synthesis by electron beam evaporation

• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Sergey P. Bardakhanov,
• Makoto Schreiber,
• Dashima G. Bazarova,
• Nikolai A. Romanov,
• Boris B. Baldanov,
• Bair R. Radnaev and
• Viacheslav V. Syzrantsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 874–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.89

• differences in the vapour concentration of the two components. Keywords: core–shell; electron beam evaporation; gas phase; mechanism of formation; one-step; Introduction Core–shell type nanoparticles are a type of biphasic materials which have an inner core structure and an outer shell made of different

• synthesised using solution methods and usually involve two steps: synthesis of the core structure followed by coating the core structure with the shell material. Gas-phase synthesis techniques exist and usually involve chemical vapour deposition (CVD) or pulsed laser deposition (PLD) [1][2]. However these

• ][6]. Recently, the authors have synthesized core–shell Ag–Si and Cu–Si type particles in a new way using electron beam evaporation [7][8]. In this method, the core–shell particles are synthesized in one-step directly from the gas phase without substrates. The precursors used are elemental materials

Raman spectroscopy as a tool to investigate the structure and electronic properties of carbon-atom wires

• Alberto Milani,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Valeria Russo,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Franco Cataldo and
• Carlo S. Casari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 480–491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.49

• and structures, embedded in cold gas matrices, in free carbon clusters in the gas phase, as pure sp-sp2 systems, in liquids, inside carbon nanotubes and connecting graphene sheets [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The research on sp carbon dates back to the last century when the carbon community was in

Conformal SiO₂ coating of sub-100 nm diameter channels of polycarbonate etched ion-track channels by atomic layer deposition

• Nicolas Sobel,
• Christian Hess,
• Manuela Lukas,
• Anne Spende,
• Bernd Stühn,
• M. E. Toimil-Molares and
• Christina Trautmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 472–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.48

• interesting to study water and ion transport in confinement [15][16]. Coated templates are also attractive to synthesize extremely thin nanowires for the investigation of finite size and quantum size effects [17]. Atomic layer deposition is based on cycles of self-limiting chemical reactions between the gas

• -phase precursor molecules and a solid surface, providing very thin uniform films on arbitrarily shaped materials. The number of cycles determines the thickness of the deposited layer. Tailored coating with various materials such as metals (e.g., Pt) or oxides (e.g., ZnO, Al2O3, TiO2) can be used to

Hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells: polymeric nanoparticle uptake and lineage differentiation

• Ivonne Brüstle,
• Thomas Simmet,
• Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Volker Mailänder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 383–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.38

• gas phase of liquid nitrogen always kept below −140 °C and used fresh for every experiment. For all experiments, the cells were seeded at a density of 0.5–2 × 106 cells/well in 12-well plates (Greiner Bio) of 3 mL volume. As a basal medium, Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM, Invitrogen

Synthesis, characterization, monolayer assembly and 2D lanthanide coordination of a linear terphenyl-di(propiolonitrile) linker on Ag(111)

• Zhi Chen,
• Svetlana Klyatskaya,
• José I. Urgel,
• David Écija,
• Olaf Fuhr,
• Willi Auwärter,
• Johannes V. Barth and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 327–335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.31

• gas phase, we obtained an average length of about 0.26 ± 04 nm for the phenylene–N distance, which is slightly shorter than in the earlier reported network of molecule 1 (0.33 ± 03 nm) [43]. Lanthanide-directed coordination of 2 on Ag(111) In previous work, regular metallo–supramolecular nanomeshes

Spectroscopic mapping and selective electronic tuning of molecular orbitals in phosphorescent organometallic complexes – a new strategy for OLED materials

• Pascal R. Ewen,
• Jan Sanning,
• Tobias Koch,
• Nikos L. Doltsinis,
• Cristian A. Strassert and
• Daniel Wegner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2248–2258, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.234

• orbitals were calculated in the gas phase with the Gaussian 09 package [34] using the PBE0 hybrid exchange-correlation functional [35] and the SDD basis set [36]. The molecular orbitals were visualized using the VMD 1.9 software. The orbital energies in the gas-phase calculations are computed with respect

• results from DFT calculations of C1 in the gas phase (Figure 3a) and dI/dV maps of the first monolayer of C1 on Au(111). The theoretical results contain the shapes and energies of five molecular orbitals with respect to EF . While only one MO (HOMO–1) is exclusively localized at the Pt atom, all other

• and Figure 3b display the MO assignments. As the DFT calculations only consider free molecules in the gas phase, differences originate from molecule–molecule or molecule–substrate interactions of the molecules adsorbed as a monolayer on the Au(111) surface. We can rule out any significant lateral

Rapid degradation of zinc oxide nanoparticles by phosphate ions

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• F. Javier García-García and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2007–2015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.209

• tendency to form agglomerates in water is higher for the labelled sample (DLS size 144 and 309 nm, respectively). Sample 3 was commercial ZnO prepared by gas phase oxidation of zinc at high temperature, the so-called French process. It is a highly irregular mixture of particles with very different

The impact of the confinement of reactants on the metal distribution in bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized in reverse micelles

• Concha Tojo,
• Elena González and
• Nuria Vila-Romeu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1966–1979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.206

• themselves in the same solvent cage, so the two reactants can eventually form an encounter pair. The encounter pair can fail to react the first time, but it has many more opportunities as long as it remains in the same solvent cage. On the contrary, if the reaction takes place in the gas phase, the molecules

A study on the consequence of swift heavy ion irradiation of Zn–silica nanocomposite thin films: electronic sputtering

• Compesh Pannu,
• Udai B. Singh,
• Dinesh. C. Agarwal,
• Saif A. Khan,
• Sunil Ojha,
• Ramesh Chandra,
• Hiro Amekura,
• Debdulal Kabiraj and
• Devesh. K. Avasthi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1691–1698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.179

• values of 3/2 for small clusters and 7/2 for larger clusters, respectively. This rules out any possibility of a liquid–gas phase transition taking place in the vaporized Au nanoparticle resulting from SHI irradiation. Johnson et al. [42] reported a unifying description of sputtering in three different

Silica nanoparticles are less toxic to human lung cells when deposited at the air–liquid interface compared to conventional submerged exposure

• Alicja Panas,
• Andreas Comouth,
• Harald Saathoff,
• Thomas Leisner,
• Marco Al-Rawi,
• Michael Simon,
• Gunnar Seemann,
• Olaf Dössel,
• Sonja Mülhopt,
• Hanns-Rudolf Paur,
• Susanne Fritsch-Decker,
• Carsten Weiss and
• Silvia Diabaté

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1590–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.171

• structure compared to SiO2-50 nm agglomerates that cannot be described by a packing of hard spheres (Figure 6D). We assume this structure is caused by strongly bonded agglomerates and aggregates present in Aerosil200 after its synthesis in gas phase as reported by Seipenbusch et al. [29]. Such strong

Nano-rings with a handle – Synthesis of substituted cycloparaphenylenes

• Anne-Florence Tran-Van and
• Hermann A. Wegner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1320–1333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.145

• ring strain and led to a complex mixture of partially dehydrogenated and chlorinated products. A clear evidence for the formation of [3]CHBC was not obtained. DFT calculations showed that the molecule is C3-symmetric with a twisted CPP core and a diameter of 12.2 Å in the gas phase. In the calculated

• with the lowest energy implies the flipping of one CPP ring over the other and not a simple rotation around the aryl linking unit. In this dynamic study the cis configuration was found to be the lowest in energy in the gas phase due to increased van der Waals interactions between the two CPP rings

• . Studies including solvent effects did not change the relative stability of the conformers compared to the gas phase calculations. A directly linked CPP dimer has been synthesized by the group of Itami (Scheme 11) [59]. The synthesis relied again on the L-shaped building block 16 combined with a

Electron-beam induced deposition and autocatalytic decomposition of Co(CO)₃NO

• Florian Vollnhals,
• Martin Drost,
• Fan Tu,
• Esther Carrasco,
• Andreas Späth,
• Rainer H. Fink,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1175–1185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.129

• . Cobalt tricarbonyl nitrosyl was studied before concerning its ionization properties in the gas phase [20][21], the electron induced decomposition under surface science conditions in UHV [22], and the fabrication and characterization of EBID nanostructures under high vacuum conditions [23][24][25]. In the

• gas phase, the decomposition proceeds through direct ionization or dissociative electron attachment depending on the kinetic energy of the involved electrons. Dissociative electron attachment is mainly observed for low-energy secondary electrons (<10 eV) and yields incompletely decomposed fragments

Template-directed synthesis and characterization of microstructured ceramic Ce/ZrO₂@SiO₂ composite tubes

• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Meike Naumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1152–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.126

• almost preferential deposition of the ceria and zirconia sol solutions on the plasma-functionalized silica tubes during the spray-coating process. This is a viable indication for the successful gas phase plasma functionalization of the surface of the SiO2, which facilitates a very effective anchoring of

• yielded dense PS faser mat which were used for the following experiments. Gas phase rf-plasma functionalization was performed in air at ambient temperature for 10 s. 60 mg of the electrospun plasma functionalized PS fibers (26.8 kV, 16 wt % PS, acetone/DMF = 60/40, Evonik-Röhm GmbH) were dispersed in 30

Organic and inorganic–organic thin film structures by molecular layer deposition: A review

• Pia Sundberg and
• Maarit Karppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1104–1136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.123

• Pia Sundberg Maarit Karppinen Department of Chemistry, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100 FI-00076 Aalto, Finland 10.3762/bjnano.5.123 Abstract The possibility to deposit purely organic and hybrid inorganic–organic materials in a way parallel to the state-of-the-art gas-phase deposition method of

• of producing high-quality nanometer-scale thin films in an atomic layer-by-layer manner. Compared with other advanced gas-phase thin-film deposition techniques, ALD has several distinct advantages: The films can be deposited with a great control over the film thickness and they are not only pinhole

Gas sensing with gold-decorated vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Prasantha R. Mudimela,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Oriol González-León,
• Nicolas Reckinger,
• Rony Snyders,
• Eduard Llobet,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 910–918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.104

• gas phase by DC magnetron sputtering (with a power of 75 W) from a gold target under Ar atmosphere (180 mTorr). It allows the production of well-dispersed nanoparticles in the gas phase with a narrow size distribution, production independent of the target substrate. The gold nanoparticles synthesized

Carbon dioxide hydrogenation to aromatic hydrocarbons by using an iron/iron oxide nanocatalyst

• Hongwang Wang,
• Jim Hodgson,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Prem S. Thapa,
• David Moore,
• Xiaorong Wu,
• Myles Ikenberry,
• Deryl L. Troyer,
• Donghai Wang,
• Keith L. Hohn and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 760–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.88

• catalyst was reused 10 times. No decrease of the catalytic activity was observed. This observation is based on the consumption efficiency of CO2 from the gas phase and product analysis by GC–MS. Characterization of the catalysts (TEM, HRTEM, XRD, XPS) The TEM image reveals that the newly synthesized Fe

• /H2 mixture (1:1 mol/mol) was heated for 4 h in a tubular reactor (d = 20 mm) containing 50 mg of iron nanocatalyst in a porcelain microvessel in a quartz reaction tube (inner diameter = 0.80 cm, l = 40 cm). After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool down to rt, the gas phase was analyzed by using

• Fe3O4. The latter is formed from Fe in the presence of H2O in the temperature range of interest. Finally, it should be noted that carbon suboxide undergoes thermolysis to carbon monoxide and dicarbon monoxide (C2O) [69]. Although this process is observed at distinctly higher temperatures in the gas

The surface microstructure of cusps and leaflets in rabbit and mouse heart valves

• Xia Ye,
• Bharat Bhushan,
• Ming Zhou and
• Weining Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 622–629, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.73

• ’ surface will occur. It is mainly due to the proportion of the liquid–gas phase being larger during the liquid–solid–gas-phase contact between the valve’s surface and blood is larger, because of the increasing of the gap between the mastoids. Eventually, in the direction of the arrow, the formation of