Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• SERS effect can be attributed to the EM enhancement due to clustering of Ag NPs and the CT mechanism [72]. [73] studied the SERS enhancement by using ZnO NRs decorated with Au NPs. Deposition of gold NPs onto ZnO nanorods resulted in decreasing the green emission band and enhancing the exciton emission

• . Numerous studies have demonstrated the enhancement of both near band edge (NBE) and defect emissions using ZnO decorated with metallic NPs [92][93]. The study in [92] showed a PL enhancement of the Au–ZnO heterojunction system by an order of magnitude when ZnO thin films were incorporated with gold

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• general concept of self-assembly allows for the preparation of SAMs from the liquid or gas phase. Highly ordered TPT SAMs spontaneously form on Au(111) due to the formation of bonds between sulfur and gold atoms, which is accompanied by van der Waals interactions between the aromatic rings. The TPT SAMs

• in a less dense but more ordered structure over a large area with very few defects. During the self-assembly process, gold adatoms are ejected from the surface layer due to the relaxation of the herringbone reconstruction [68]. Several gold adatom islands, which would build up if the density of

• Au(111) surface was prepared by argon sputtering for 10 min at 1 keV with a pressure of 3 × 10−6 mbar. Secondly, the treated substrate was annealed at 673 K for 1 h in order to obtain a flat substrate surface characterized by large gold terraces. When required, successive sputtering/annealing cycles

The role of sulfonate groups and hydrogen bonding in the proton conductivity of two coordination networks

• Ali Javed,
• Felix Steinke,
• Stephan Wöhlbrandt,
• Hana Bunzen,
• Norbert Stock and
• Michael Tiemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 437–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.36

• Novocontrol broadband dielectric spectrometer (Alpha-A High Performance Frequency Analyzer). The samples were mounted between two Novocontrol BDS1200 based blocking gold-plated electrodes, and two-wire mode measurements were made, as described in earlier studies [21][29]. The impedance data was recorded in

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• were ≥99.8% pure. Copper wire of 2 mm thickness (99.9% purity) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Ag/AgCl wire was purchased from A-M Systems, USA. Printed circuit boards (PCBs) with ENIG (Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold) surface finish were purchased from Multi-CB (Germany). Distilled water was

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• controlling of individual sensing layers. The heating element can also be used for the desorption of measured gases or heating slightly above the ambient temperature in order to reduce temperature fluctuation. The 18 µm thick Cu interdigitated electrodes were covered with a 12 µm thick gold layer to improve

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• was 15 µm in length and 3 µm in radius. The initial gap was 3 µm, and the pull-in voltage was over 21 V. In another publication [41], the authors used in the situ technique to glue Ge nanowires to electrochemically etched gold tips to form NEM switches. The pull-in voltage was 40–45 V with an initial

• deposited three gold bands onto a silicon substrate to form a CPW, and then prepared a suspended graphene bridge structure above the CPW with a pull-in voltage of 2 V and a wide operating frequency of 60 GHz. Sharma et al. [56][58] tested the isolation and insertion loss of graphene in microwave and

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• that is relevant to many TMV-cp mutants. Alcohol-perturbed assembly of TMV-cp shows particular promise in combination with mutants that possess additional functionality, as demonstrated by the use of similar hexagonally packed arrays of disks to template sheets of gold nanorings that show promise in

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• were sputter coated with gold for 40 s using an SPI-Module Carbon/Sputter Coater, which is optimized for monolayer deposition. Typical fields of view (FOV) were 5 μm and pixel sizes were in the range of 2 nm. Collected images were semi-randomized; a random FOV was selected approximately near the center

• with gold prior to evaluation in the SEM system. Care was taken to not overexpose the sample during gold preparation, as evidenced by a lack of melted particles or crevice filling in the final micrographs. The SEM PDI is a polydispersity index derived from image generated data. The method by which it

Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure

• Damian Wojcieszak,
• Jarosław Domaradzki,
• Michał Mazur,
• Tomasz Kotwica and
• Danuta Kaczmarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21

• Lite). Additionally, circular 1 mm gold pads were evaporated on top of the prepared structure to allow for electrical characterization. The average material composition of the gradient thin film was determined using X-ray microanalysis employing an EDAX Genesis energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) as

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• -based nanoparticles, this method has long been regarded as the gold standard for cell viability and proliferation studies, and thus been applied extensively in studies of metal-containing nanoparticles [18][19][20]. In accordance with our flow cytometry findings, the MTT viability assay showed that in

Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers

• Tuğba Eren Böncü and
• Nurten Ozdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19

• concentrations by making dilutions from a 200 µg/mL ampicillin trihydrate stock. Absorbance values were measured at a wavelength of 213 nm (y = 0.0309x + 0.0466, r2 = 0.9984). Morphology of electrospun nanofibers Nanofibers were firstly gold-coated and the morphology of the electrospun nanofibers was observed on

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• of gold nanoparticles and contacted by nanoelectrodes. The resulting small-area nanodevices were thoroughly electrically characterized as a function of temperature and light exposure. Differences in the resulting device conductance could be attributed to the device design and the respective transport

• transfer in the Ru-terpyridine complexes used as switching ligands. Finally, our results reveal a superior device performance of nanoparticle-based devices compared to molecular wire devices based on Ru-terpyridine complexes as functional units. Keywords: conductance switching; gold nanoparticles

• the wire-growth protocol developed recently and, thus, to assemble Ru(TP)2-complex wire nanodevices [19]. Additionally, we will use our already successfully applied approach to fabricate nanodevices from ligand-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) immobilized between nanoelectrodes [21][22][23][24

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• potential. Thus, the optimized TiO2 nanoparticle concentration of the PCL/5TiO2 sample exhibited improved biological and antibacterial properties for bone tissue engineering, thereby improving the properties of orthopedic devices [60]. Ko et al. found that titanium covered with a double layer of gold nps

• body. In this context, Gomes et al. conjugated gold nps with the antivenomous compound 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzoic acid (HMBA) extracted from the herb Anantamul (H. indicus), which was found to be effective in neutralizing all kinds of toxicity generated by the venom of the deadly Russell’s viper [118

Low-energy electron interaction and focused electron beam-induced deposition of molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Mo(CO)₆)

• Po-Yuan Shih,
• Maicol Cipriani,
• Christian Felix Hermanns,
• Jens Oster,
• Klaus Edinger,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 182–191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.13

• ®. Energy-dispersive X-ray analyses was done with a ZEISS Crossbeam system with an integrated Oxford EDX detector. Deposits for EDX analysis were prepared on a 100 nm thick polycrystalline gold substrate on a 4 inch silicon wafer, purchased from Georg Albert PVD. The Au-based substrate was chosen because of

• sum of the relative contributions of all Mo-containing fragments. Using this approach, we found that DEA leads to an average weighted CO loss per incident of about 1.2 while DI leads to an average weighted CO loss of 3.7. For comparison FEBID deposits were created on a polycrystalline gold substrate

• loss per DEA incident observed in the gas phase experiments and also higher than the CO loss per DI incident observed in these experiments. This is very different from the observations made by Rosenberg et al. [58] when comparing the CO loss from few monolayers of W(CO)6, adsorbed onto cooled gold

Theoretical understanding of electronic and mechanical properties of 1T′ transition metal dichalcogenide crystals

• Seyedeh Alieh Kazemi,
• Sadegh Imani Yengejeh,
• Vei Wang,
• William Wen and
• Yun Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 160–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.11

• Seyedeh Alieh Kazemi Sadegh Imani Yengejeh Vei Wang William Wen Yun Wang Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia Department of Applied Physics, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710054, China 10.3762

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• predominant PEMs [13]. Zhang et al. developed nanohybrid PVDF membranes by incorporating zeolite with enhanced thermal and electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries [14]. ENHs have also been used as a heterogeneous catalyst in indole synthesis by Savva et al. by incorporating gold nanoparticles

Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

• Axel Steffen,
• Yu Xiong,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Ulrich Kalus and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8

• analysis, one drop of the sample was applied to a glass slide, dried overnight, and sputtered with gold. A Gemini Leo 1550 (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany) instrument was utilized for the measurements at an operation voltage of 10 kV. The particle size was measured by DLS applying a Zetasizer Nano ZS

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• [11]. Afterward, Torimoto et al. used a sputter coater for the synthesis of small gold (Au) NPs by sputtering an Au target onto a thin layer of an ionic liquid (IL) [12]. This paper [12] published in 2006 initiated a series of similar works in several labs which, were focused on the deposition of

• ion impacts. The sputtering yield is influenced by the surface binding energy (Eb) of the target material, here Eb = 7.41, 4.89, and 3.8 eV for carbon, titanium, and gold, respectively. These values are provided by the SRIM code. Atoms leaving the target surface have an average kinetic energy of the

Design aspects of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ THz sources: optimization of thermal and radiative properties

• Mikhail M. Krasnov,
• Natalia D. Novikova,
• Roger Cattaneo,
• Alexey A. Kalenyuk and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1392–1403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.103

• glue. The crystal is cleaved under ambient conditions. After that the sample is immediately put into a deposition chamber and a protective gold layer of 60–80 nm is deposited to avoid surface passivation. Next, a line pattern of photoresist is written with a length of 100–200 μm and a width of 5–15 μm

• are made for the base temperature T0 = 10 K and for sizes similar to the actual devices, shown in Figure 1: substrate 5 × 5 × 0.3 mm3, crystal 1 × 1 × 0.3 mm3, whisker 300 × 30 × 3 μm3 and mesa 30 × 30 × 0.3 μm3. The thickness of gold electrode is 200 nm. The thickness of epoxy layer, de, depends on

• of the other two materials, namely Bi-2212 and polycrystalline gold electrodes. At low T both have linear κ(T). For Bi-2212 we assume κab(T) = 0.1 T(K) W·K−1·m−1 [45] with an anisotropy κab/κc = 8 [46]. For a polycrystalline gold thin film we use κ(T) = 3 T(K) W·K−1·m−1 [32]. The heat is produced in

Identifying diverse metal oxide nanomaterials with lethal effects on embryonic zebrafish using machine learning

• Richard Liam Marchese Robinson,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Xiaodong Jia,
• Marianna Kotzabasaki,
• Christiana Gousiadou,
• Stacey Lynn Harper and
• Terry Wilkins

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1297–1325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.97

• . This is restrictive, as generalization for nanomaterials with similar but non-identical chemical compositions is not possible. Subsequent studies only developed local models for ENMs with nominally the same core material, for instance, gold or zinc oxide, where only the variation in the chemical

Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from TiO₂ and TeO₂ thin films doped by Eu³⁺ for optoelectronic applications

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Jakub Czubek,
• Katarzyna Drozdowska,
• Anna Synak,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1271–1278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.94

• luminescence properties of europium-doped titanium dioxide and tellurium oxide thin films enhanced by gold plasmonic nanostructures. We propose a new type of plasmon structure with an ultrathin dielectric film between plasmonic platform and luminescent material. Plasmonic platforms were manufactured through

• thermal annealing of the gold thin film. Thermal dewetting of gold film results in spherical gold nanostructures with average dimensions of 50 nm. Both, luminescent TiO2:Eu and TeO2:Eu films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering from mosaic targets. The morphology of the gold nanostructures was

• candidates as phosphors in white LEDs. Keywords: gold nanostructures; luminescence; plasmon resonance; Introduction The rapid development of optoelectronics leads to challenges in the search for new luminescence materials. Especially the fabrication of white LEDs requires more efficient phosphors

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• sample, exhibiting a combination of hillocks and pores, showed the maximum sensitivity (S = 0.29) towards NO2. Another study reported dendritic nanowires (DNWs) of SnO2 on a gold-coated silicon substrate for NO2 sensing [66]. The samples were prepared by evaporation–condensation. Figure 6a and Figure 6b

• plasmonic gold (Au) metasurface for sensing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [49]. This modification enhanced the plasmonic field and local surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR). The influence of the gold nanodisk diameter and the average thickness of the TiO2 fractal on LSPR sensing of VOCs, specifically

• –Bi2O3 porous fractal structures contained abundant active sites for the adsorption of carbon dioxide and other VOCs. An improvement of the electron density was attributed to gold nanoparticles. The resulting fractal structures showed excellent sensing properties towards VOCs (100 ppm at room temperature

Criteria ruling particle agglomeration

• Dieter Vollath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1093–1100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.81

• not visible in this graph. Application to a realistic example A valid comparison of the different contributions to the free enthalpy needs a realistic example. As it offers the best availability of data, gold was selected to demonstrate the contributions of the different approaches. Basis for these

• , the difference of the surface energy between the original and the agglomerated ensemble was calculated. For the case of van der Waals interaction the selection of the parameters is difficult. As basis, the results of Luo et al. [12] obtained for gold was applied. From these data a value of hi = 10 eV

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• reference. Figure 4a and Figure 4b were adapted from [45] (“Enhanced optical output power of blue light-emitting diodes with quasi-aligned gold nanoparticles“, © 2014 Y. Jin et al., distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License, https://creativecommons.org

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• promising application of gold nanostructures with CUR-loaded alginate microgels, which showed photothermal properties. High CUR retention and preferential toxicity against cancerous cells was also shown. The photoactive agent, wavelength, time of exposure, and distance to the light source are important

• factors that determine the effectiveness of phototherapy against cancer cells [142]. For example, Rahimi-Moghaddam et al. [140] reported a higher cytotoxic effect of a gold–CUR nanosystem used as photothermal therapy against breast cancer cells when exposed to an 808 nm laser (1.5 W/cm2), as compared to a