High antiviral effect of TiO₂·PL–DNA nanocomposites targeted to conservative regions of (−)RNA and (+)RNA of influenza A virus in cell culture

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Elena V. Bessudnova,
• Ekaterina I. Filippova,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1166–1173, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.108

• bearing the DNA fragments targeted to (−)RNA appeared to be more efficient than those containing fragments aimed at the corresponding (+)RNA regions. Conclusion: The proposed TiO2·PL–DNA nanocomposites can be successfully used for highly efficient and site-specific inhibition of influenza A virus of

• the DNA fragment. This nanocomposite concentration was much lower than TC50/mL (1800 µg/mL [18]). The results are presented in terms of the TCID50/mL values in Table 2. Table 2 also shows the extent of the IAV inhibition (n-fold) with the studied nanocomposites in comparison with the control without

• that the use of the proposed TiO2·PL–DNA nanocomposites leads to the more efficient inhibition of the IAV replication as compared to the data of other researchers who used NA-based agents against IAV segment 5 [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Transfection of the IAV-infected MDCK cells with

Unraveling the neurotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: focusing on molecular mechanisms

• Bin Song,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Jia Liu,
• Xiaoli Feng,
• Ting Zhou and
• Longquan Shao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 645–654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.57

• apoptotic cells. Pretreating PC12 with a ROS scavenger could alleviate these harmful effects induced by TiO2 NPs [51]. In addition, an inhibition in cell proliferation, altered cell morphology (assessed by decreased F-actin), and apoptosis could be induced by TiO2 NPs in C6 and U373 cells. TiO2 NPs were

Comparison of the interactions of daunorubicin in a free form and attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes with model lipid membranes

• Dorota Matyszewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.46

• in the treatment of various types of cancer including leukemia, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung carcinoma and several sarcomas (Figure 1). Its mode of action consists in the intercalation into DNA double strand, which leads to the inhibition of the process of duplication and transcription of mRNA

• as well as DNA damage by the inhibition of topoisomerase II [1][2]. However, the second mechanism involving the increased production of ceramides inside cells has been recently postulated [3]. Application of this drug in the cancer treatment is limited because of serious side effects including drug

Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in pure water and in chloride solution

• Brunella Perito,
• Emilia Giorgetti,
• Paolo Marsili and
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 465–473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.40

• the microbial cell, which disturbs the power functions of the cell membrane and causes structural damage; (b) the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage the cell membrane; and (c) the interference with DNA replication and inhibition of enzymes and other proteins [13][17][18][19][20

• antibacterial activity decreases with increasing particle size. The effect of 1–100 nm AgNPs on Gram-negative bacteria was studied by Morones et al. with HR-TEM analysis [13]. They concluded that only AgNPs with a diameter <10 nm are able to interact with the bacteria. Additionally, bacterial growth inhibition

• both microorganisms by all four NPs formulations. Regarding their effect on growth inhibition, we obtained MIC values ranging from 1.0 to 8.4 µg/mL with ps-ablated AgNPs. These values were lower for both microorganisms than those obtained with ns-ablated AgNPs (either in water or in LiCl solution

Ultrastructural changes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus induced by positively charged silver nanoparticles

• Dulce G. Romero-Urbina,
• Humberto H. Lara,
• J. Jesús Velázquez-Salazar,
• M. Josefina Arellano-Jiménez,
• Eduardo Larios,
• Anand Srinivasan,
• Jose L. Lopez-Ribot and
• Miguel José Yacamán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2396–2405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.246

• leakage and cell lysis with growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner after the particles attached beyond the PG layer. We hypothesize that positively charged silver nanoparticles bind to the negatively charged polyanionic backbones of teichoic acids and cell wall glycopolymers (CWGs) as first targets

• % glycerol. Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC): To assess the growth inhibition of the bacterial strains MSSA (UAMS1) and MRSA (TCH1516), they were submitted to determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AgNPs by serial dilution in 96-well plates in a similar manner

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• ]. Inhibition of waste generation: Prevention of the generation of wastes is preferred to their purification. In this sense, the formation of any unusable by-products or the loss of consumed energy can be taken into account as waste. Each form of waste has its own impacts on the environment depending on its

• ionic surfactants can reduce the zeta potential of Ag NPs from −20 to −50 mV, which is favorable for stabilization. They concluded that non-ionic surfactants can form a layer with inhibition function to prevent the formation of other nuclei and consequently lead to monodisperse NPs [100]. Lu et al

Effect of SiN_x diffusion barrier thickness on the structural properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ films obtained by sol–gel dip coating and reactive magnetron sputtering

• Mohamed Nawfal Ghazzal,
• Eric Aubry,
• Nouari Chaoui and
• Didier Robert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2039–2045, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.207

• diffusion barrier intercalated between the substrate and the TiO2 film [6][10]. The most widely used diffusion barriers are SiO2 [10][11] and SiNx [6] layers. SiNx diffusion barriers show better efficiency than SiO2 with respect to inhibition of the diffusion of Na+ ions [6]. The sodium ion concentration

NanoE-Tox: New and in-depth database concerning ecotoxicity of nanomaterials

• Katre Juganson,
• Angela Ivask,
• Irina Blinova,
• Monika Mortimer and
• Anne Kahru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1788–1804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.183

• endpoints used The toxicity values for ENMs, irrespective of the endpoint, were based on nominal concentrations of ENMs. As expected, in most of the studies (77% of the entries) the toxicological endpoint was viability (e.g., mortality, immobilisation, growth inhibition, luminescence/fluorescence inhibition

Natural and artificial binders of polyriboadenylic acid and their effect on RNA structure

• Giovanni N. Roviello,
• Domenica Musumeci,
• Valentina Roviello,
• Marina Pirtskhalava,
• Alexander Egoyan and
• Merab Mirtskhulava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1338–1347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.138

• are able to bind poly(rA) could be able in principle to interfere also with the translation process, both in healthy and neoplastic cells. However, the selective inhibition of protein translation in neoplastic cells with respect to normal cells by poly(rA) binders of different nature is currently

PLGA nanoparticles as a platform for vitamin D-based cancer therapy

• Maria J. Ramalho,
• Joana A. Loureiro,
• Bárbara Gomes,
• Manuela F. Frasco,
• Manuel A. N. Coelho and
• M. Carmo Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1306–1318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.135

• inhibition when compared to free calcidiol, and the PLA NPs enhanced the intracellular delivery of vitamin in breast cancer cells [14]. In another work, Bonor et al. [23] developed calcitriol-conjugated quantum dots to analyze calcitriol distribution and dynamics in mouse myoblast cells. The authors

• morphological features are consistent with senescence phenomena. Cell growth inhibition by calcitriol-loaded NPs The in vitro cytotoxic effects on three different human cell lines, hTERT-HPNE, S2-013 and A549, after treatment with calcitriol entrapped into the PLGA NPs were assessed relative to free calcitriol

• exhibited a concentration-related decrease in cell growth and survival of the human cell lines (Figure 5, Supporting Information File 1, respectively). We observed an advantage of PLGA NPs, in that calcitriol–NPs are more efficient than free calcitriol with regards to cell growth inhibition (Figure 5). For

Tattoo ink nanoparticles in skin tissue and fibroblasts

• Colin A. Grant,
• Peter C. Twigg,
• Richard Baker and
• Desmond J. Tobin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1183–1191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.120

• assay for cytotoxicity assessment was carried out on fibroblasts exposed to two different diluted tattoo inks, which showed both cell death and inhibition of pro-collagen synthesis [37]. As that study was not carried out on skin fibroblasts it was decided to run a similar cell viability test using human

Probing fibronectin–antibody interactions using AFM force spectroscopy and lateral force microscopy

• Andrzej J. Kulik,
• Małgorzata Lekka,
• Kyumin Lee,
• Grazyna Pyka-Fościak and
• Wieslaw Nowak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1164–1175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.118

• the number of points recorded along a single scan line. The resulting unbinding probability was around 6% but less than 10%. Inhibition experiments carried out after 30 min of incubation with a solution containing free antibody molecules showed a remarkable decrease in the unbinding events with a

• , detected specific unbinding events that were further characterized by two parameters, the unbinding force and rupture length. The inhibition experiments show a significant reduction in the unbinding probability (from 20% to 6%), which indicates the specificity of the interactions. Apparently, when two

• cantilever functionalization. The inhibition experiments were carried out after 30 min of incubation with the PBS solution containing free antibody molecules. Afterwards, samples were rinsed with PBS buffer and immediately measured. The same protocol for the interaction inhibition was used in both types of

Influence of gold, silver and gold–silver alloy nanoparticles on germ cell function and embryo development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 651–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.66

• Ca2+-ATPases, whose inhibition has been reported to induce a rapid loss in motility [57]. While increased ROS production in sperm due to nanoparticle exposure could not be confirmed, a decrease of free thiols on the sperm surface was noted, which indicates the validity of the second hypothesis [49

Comparative evaluation of the impact on endothelial cells induced by different nanoparticle structures and functionalization

• Lisa Landgraf,
• Ines Müller,
• Peter Ernst,
• Miriam Schäfer,
• Christina Rosman,
• Isabel Schick,
• Oskar Köhler,
• Hartmut Oehring,
• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Thomas Basché,
• Carsten Sönnichsen,
• Wolfgang Tremel and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 300–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.28

• nanoparticle type due to the inhibition of ATP utilizing enzymes [59]. A strong cytotoxicity of genistein per se on endothelial cells could be excluded by the intact cell morphology shown in Figure S2 (Supporting Information File 1). The incubation of cells with CTAB-modified gold rods and spheres showed a

• human alveolar epithelial cell line A549 showed no nanoparticle uptake after the inhibition of caveolae- and clathrin-mediated endocytosis [62]. Such a cell-type-specific internalization was also demonstrated in our study due to the inhibition of several endocytosis mechanisms. We showed that the mouse

The effect of surface charge on nonspecific uptake and cytotoxicity of CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots

• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Anna Pietuch,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Thomas Basché and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 281–292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.26

• carried out for 30 min at room temperature, cells were then washed and taken to a microscope. Inhibition of endocytosis MDCKII cells were pretreated with 25 μg/mL chlorpromazine [44], 30 μg/mL 5-(N,N-dimethyl)amiloride [45] and 1 μg/mL filipin III [46] (predissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide 0.5 μg/μL) upon

Caveolin-1 and CDC42 mediated endocytosis of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in HeLa cells

• Nils Bohmer and
• Andreas Jordan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 167–176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.16

• experiments should be carried out with different cell lines and other well-defined nanoparticle species to elucidate possible general principles. Keywords: Caveolin-1; CDC42; endocytosis inhibition; iron oxide nanoparticles; nanoparticle uptake; Introduction Nanotechnology is expected to be a very powerful

• be of special interest for better control of particle properties. To obtain a deeper understanding of the signaling network underlying the uptake of SCIONs and SPIONs by tumor cells approaches like chemical inhibition of distinct endocytotic pathways, colocalization of particles with key-structures

SERS and DFT study of copper surfaces coated with corrosion inhibitor

• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda and
• Stefano Caporali

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2489–2497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.258

• employed for such a purpose. A class of very efficient corrosion inhibitors for copper and its alloys in different media is formed by 1,2,4-triazole and its derivatives [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In particular, 1,2,4-triazole exhibits comparable corrosion inhibition [7] as compared to benzotriazole, which is much

• triazole (spectra D). Again, in this case, the spectrum does not show Raman bands due to the formation of cuprous oxide, which is related to the initial stage of the corrosion process of the metal. Therefore, the SERS findings highlight the corrosion inhibition effect by the layer of adsorbed triazole. To

• -transfer from molecule to metal with respect to the interaction with a neutral copper atom, about 0.5∙|e| versus 0.3∙|e|. Corrosion inhibition effect Considering the interaction of the molecule with the metal surface via the N4 atom, the possibility to form chains of adsorbed molecules linked by hydrogen

Functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles as a platform for studying bio–nano interactions

• Cornelia Loos,
• Tatiana Syrovets,
• Anna Musyanovych,
• Volker Mailänder,
• Katharina Landfester,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus and
• Thomas Simmet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2403–2412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.250

• , **p < 0.01. Inhibition of vacuolar ATPase by bafilomycin A1 antagonizes the toxic effect of PS-NH2 nanoparticles. (A) Analysis of lysosomal permeabilization of cells stimulated with PS-NH2 (100 µg/mL) with or without bafilomycin A1 (BFA, 6 nM) for 72 h. After treatment with nanoparticles, cells were

Nanobioarchitectures based on chlorophyll photopigment, artificial lipid bilayers and carbon nanotubes

• Marcela Elisabeta Barbinta-Patrascu,
• Stefan Marian Iordache,
• Ana Maria Iordache,
• Nicoleta Badea and
• Camelia Ungureanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2316–2325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.240

• radical scavenging ability (affording an antioxidant activity of 73.25%) and enhanced biocidal ability, offering inhibition zones of 12.4, 11.3 and 10.2 mm in diameter, against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, respectively. Keywords: antibacterial activity; antioxidant

• (including the diameter of sample) on the agar surface around the sample with a minimum cut-off value set at 8 mm. The inhibition zone was measured and expressed in millimetres. In this study triplicate plates were prepared for each sample and bacterial strain. The mean zone of inhibition was calculated with

• ) showed weak antibacterial activity (see Figure 9), offering inhibition zone diameters in the range of 5.0–6.1 mm. However, their biohybrids with carbon nanotubes exhibited enhanced biocidal features due to the presence of SWCNTs, which are known to possess antimicrobial properties [47][48]. Kang et al

Anticancer efficacy of a supramolecular complex of a 2-diethylaminoethyl–dextran–MMA graft copolymer and paclitaxel used as an artificial enzyme

• Yasuhiko Onishi,
• Yuki Eshita,
• Rui-Cheng Ji,
• Masayasu Onishi,
• Takashi Kobayashi,
• Masaaki Mizuno,
• Jun Yoshida and
• Naoji Kubota

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2293–2307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.238

• PTX, and showed remarkable cancer growth inhibition after 48 h from I.P. injection. The increase rates of mean tumor volume in the PTX, saline, DDMC/PTX4, and DDMC/PTX5 groups were 1.85, 1.84, 1.39, and 1.53, respectively. Although PTX alone was ineffective, tumor volume for DDMC/PTX4 treatment fell

• the B16F10 melanoma cells, which are a well-known model of pulmonary metastasis. It is possible that the DDMC/PTX complex, which has the ability for angiogenesis prevention, growth inhibition, and suppression of fatal metastasis on B16F10 melanoma cells, is effective by these mechanisms. The efficacy

• [24]. Potential energy curve of paclitaxel (large) and DDMC/PTX complex (small) in the tumor inhibition reaction. Ea: activation energy of paclitaxel, Ea′: activation energy of the DDMC/PTX complex. Reprinted from [24]. In vivo analysis of the anticancer activity and survival rates of the DDMC/PTX

Effect of silver nanoparticles on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

• Christina Sengstock,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Thomas A. Schildhauer and
• Manfred Köller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2058–2069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.214

• rapidly to biomolecules, such as DNA [27], negatively charged cell-wall components and the sulfhydryl groups of metabolic enzymes [7][28][29], which results in the inhibition of DNA-replication, an increase in membrane permeability and the disturbance of different metabolic pathways [30]. In contrast to

• . analyzed the expression of alkaline phosphatase in MSCs in the presence of Ag-NP (up to 1 μg·mL−1) after prolonged cell sulture (35 d). In contrast to the significant inhibition in cell proliferation observed at the highest concentration of Ag-NP, the authors found no influence on the activity of alkaline

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Alexandra Antonopulos,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Ralf Dringen,
• Matthias Epple,
• Rebekka Flöck,
• Wolfgang Goedecke,
• Christina Graf,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Jens Helmlinger,
• Fabian Herzog,
• Frederike Heuer,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Christian Johannes,
• Stefanie Kittler,
• Manfred Köller,
• Katrin Korn,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Eva M. Luther,
• Marcelina Malissek,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Anne Pailliart,
• Jörg Raabe,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Andreas Seibel,
• Christina Sengstock,
• Lennart Treuel,
• Annika Vogt,
• Katrin Weber and
• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

• inhibition could be very interesting in the development of new anticancer therapies. Since all known drugs that are mutagenic are also capable of inducing SCE, we explored levels of SCE in K1 in cells treated with silver nanoparticles and untreated cells (Figure 13) and found a significant increase in the

Different endocytotic uptake mechanisms for nanoparticles in epithelial cells and macrophages

• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Benjamin Michen,
• Fabian Blank,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1625–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.174

• suggested that macropinocytosis and phagocytosis, as well as clathrin-mediated endocytosis, play a crucial role. The uptake of 40 nm nanoparticles in alveolar epithelial A549 cells was inhibited after depletion of cholesterol in the plasma membrane (preventing caveolin-mediated endocytosis) and inhibition

• ; endocytosis; inhibition; nanoparticles; uptake proteins; Introduction In recent years, the use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) (defined as <100 nm in three dimensions according to ISO TS 27687:2008) has witnessed a strong rise in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, specifically for targeted drug

• with specific inhibitors as a control to investigate clathrin-mediated endocytosis and fluorescent ctx-b with inhibitors as a control to analyze caveolin-mediated endocytosis. Polystyrene particles of 1 µm diameter were used to demonstrate the inhibition of phagocytosis. The uptake of fluorescently

Protein-coated pH-responsive gold nanoparticles: Microwave-assisted synthesis and surface charge-dependent anticancer activity

• Dickson Joseph,
• Nisha Tyagi,
• Christian Geckeler and
• Kurt E.Geckeler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1452–1462, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.158

• µg/mL and 32.68 µg/mL for Hela, which shows that these nanoparticles cause 50% inhibition of the cancer cell at a lower concentration in comparison to the fibroblasts. This can be attributed due to the difference in the surface charge at different pH conditions. The surface charge on BSA-AuNPs at

• was measured by using a microplate reader (FL600, Microplate Fluorescence Reader, Bio-Tek Company) at a wavelength of 570 nm. The concentration of the sample causing 50% inhibition of proliferation of the cells (IC50) was determined by plotting the percentage of cell viability versus the sample

Near-field photochemical and radiation-induced chemical fabrication of nanopatterns of a self-assembled silane monolayer

• Ulrich C. Fischer,
• Carsten Hentschel,
• Florian Fontein,
• Linda Stegemann,
• Christiane Hoeppener,
• Harald Fuchs and
• Stefanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1441–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.156

• patches disappeared. These findings indicate, that the small features of the gold mask do not lead to a complete inhibition of the destruction of the amino groups by the oxygen plasma. Chemically functional APTES SAM nanostructures were thus formed by the etching with oxygen plasma only at a resolution of

• and highly localized inhibition of the photochemical process induced by the UV–ozone treatment. Discussion The methods described here have great potential to generate nanopatterns as templates for the selective binding of molecules or nanoparticles with high spatial resolution. The high resolution