Bacteriorhodopsin–ZnO hybrid as a potential sensing element for low-temperature detection of ethanol vapour

• Saurav Kumar,
• Sudeshna Bagchi,
• Senthil Prasad,
• Anupma Sharma,
• Ritesh Kumar,
• Rishemjit Kaur,
• Jagvir Singh and
• Amol P. Bhondekar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 501–510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.44

• , nanomaterial–biomolecule hybrid gas sensors. Keywords: amphipol; bacteriorhodopsin; bio-hybrid; gas sensing; ITO; ZnO nanostructure; Introduction Nanomaterial–biomolecule conjugates have emerged into one of the most rapidly developing and sought after areas in modern biomolecular device fabrication and

• charge carriers can move [79][80]. Conclusion Nanomaterial–biomolecule hybrids based on ZnO-TF or ZnO-NR functionalized with bR protein have been successfully fabricated on ITO substrates. The morphological, optical, and electrical characterization of these devices was presented. The behaviour of ZnO-TF

Plasticity-mediated collapse and recrystallization in hollow copper nanowires: a molecular dynamics simulation

• Amlan Dutta,
• Arup Kumar Raychaudhuri and
• Tanusri Saha-Dasgupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 228–235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.21

• energy corresponding to the surface of the nanomaterial is typically much larger than that of the interior. This causes an inherent structural instability with the aim to minimize the energy. Although the nanosystem can remain trapped in the surface-dominated high-energy structure during the synthesis

• process, it relaxes to a lower-energy structure upon annealing. This structural transition often causes significant change in the morphology of the nanomaterial. There are several such examples in literature. For instance, the rapid growth of grains in nanocrystalline metal is driven by the thermodynamic

• instabilities exhibiting modulated patterns on the surfaces of pre-molten nanowires [5][6]. In this context, it is a pertinent question to ask what happens in case of a nanomaterial with a hollow interior. The intrinsic structural instability, as discussed above, is expected to be enhanced in such case by the

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• electrical, mechanical and thermal properties, CNTs are not the only carbon nanomaterial that could play a major role in replacing conventional materials for energy generation and storage devices. In particular, the discovery of the electrical properties of graphene, another allotrope carbon, by Geim

Nanoinformatics for environmental health and biomedicine

• Rong Liu and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2449–2451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.253

• the eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information is summarized in another contribution [5], while a third contribution reports on the NanoE-Tox database that is concerned with the ecotoxicity of nanomaterials [6]. In addition, important improvements are reported for the Nanotechnology

• Consumer Products Inventory that progressively documents the marketing and distribution of nano-enabled products into the commercial marketplace [7]. The progress in nano-data curation is covered in two contributions. One describes the Nanomaterial Data Curation Initiative, a collaborative effort by the

• nanomaterials, which provides critical information for the environmental impact assessment of nanomaterials [18]. Another contribution addresses the issue of nanomaterial risk assessment and proposes a decision analysis scheme for furthering nanoinformatics work [19]. This work considers an array of decision

An ISA-TAB-Nano based data collection framework to support data-driven modelling of nanotoxicology

• Richard L. Marchese Robinson,
• Mark T. D. Cronin,
• Andrea-Nicole Richarz and
• Robert Rallo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1978–1999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.202

• nanomaterials that are intentionally produced. (It should be noted that slightly different definitions of these terms have been proposed by different organisations [1] and the European Commission has recommended a specific definition of a “nanomaterial” for legislative and policy purposes within the European

• for a standardised, electronic format for nanomaterial data [16][17][23]. However, as well as a general specification specifying how different kinds of (meta)data should be recorded in a standardised fashion, additional requirements for nanotoxicology datasets to be most valuable for analysis of

• files to tab-delimited text files to facilitate computational analysis and database submission. Since there is a growing interest in the use of ISA-TAB-Nano as a community standard for organising nanomaterial data, from a variety of individual researchers and organizations [3][28][29][30][31][32], it is

Predicting cytotoxicity of PAMAM dendrimers using molecular descriptors

• David E. Jones,
• Hamidreza Ghandehari and
• Julio C. Facelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1886–1896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.192

• eliminating a material for potential human applications. Reliable prediction of cytotoxicity using in silico approaches possesses the potential for high payoff in nanomaterial development, allowing the concentration of scarce development resources to be directed towards the synthesis and testing of promising

Nanocuration workflows: Establishing best practices for identifying, inputting, and sharing data to inform decisions on nanomaterials

• Christina M. Powers,
• Karmann A. Mills,
• Stephanie A. Morris,
• Fred Klaessig,
• Sharon Gaheen,
• Nastassja Lewinski and
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1860–1871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.189

• metadata, data completeness, database integration), while the focus of this article is on the nanocuration workflow, or the process of identifying, inputting, and reviewing nanomaterial data in a data repository. In particular, the article discusses: 1) the rationale and importance of a defined workflow in

• nanocuration is nascent, with few individuals formally trained in data curation or utilizing available nanocuration resources (e.g., ISA-TAB-Nano). Additional emphasis on the potential benefits of cultivating nanomaterial data via nanocuration processes (e.g., capability to analyze data from across research

• variety of diverse fields of study. For fields like nanoscience, or the study of materials at the nanoscale, this opportunity is particularly important given the wide array of disciplines that are inherently involved in synthesizing, testing, regulating, using, and developing new nanomaterial applications

NanoE-Tox: New and in-depth database concerning ecotoxicity of nanomaterials

• Katre Juganson,
• Angela Ivask,
• Irina Blinova,
• Monika Mortimer and
• Anne Kahru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1788–1804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.183

• -depth databases on ENMs. In addition, nanotoxicity-related databases are developed and supported at national level in EU. For instance, in Germany an application-based nanomaterial database, which includes information on potential toxicological effects of ENMs, has been created in the DaNa project [16

• physico-chemical properties of the specific ENMs used in the products. Independent online databases containing nanotoxicological information have also been created in other countries outside Europe. For instance, NanoToxdb: A database on Nanomaterial Toxicity [20] that is by description a comprehensive

Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory

• Marina E. Vance,
• Todd Kuiken,
• Eric P. Vejerano,
• Sean P. McGinnis,
• Michael F. Hochella Jr.,
• David Rejeski and
• Matthew S. Hull

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1769–1780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.181

• revised inventory was released in October 2013. It currently lists 1814 consumer products from 622 companies in 32 countries. The Health and Fitness category contains the most products (762, or 42% of the total). Silver is the most frequently used nanomaterial (435 products, or 24%); however, 49% of the

• products (889) included in the CPI do not provide the composition of the nanomaterial used in them. About 29% of the CPI (528 products) contain nanomaterials suspended in a variety of liquid media and dermal contact is the most likely exposure scenario from their use. The majority (1288 products, or 71

• standardized methods and metrics for nanomaterial characterization and labelling in consumer products can lead to greater understanding between the key stakeholders in nanotechnology, especially consumers, researchers, regulators, and industry. Keywords: consumer products; database; inventory; nanoinformatics

The Nanomaterial Data Curation Initiative: A collaborative approach to assessing, evaluating, and advancing the state of the field

• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Christina M. Powers,
• Mark D. Hoover and
• Stacey L. Harper

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1752–1762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.179

• School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA 10.3762/bjnano.6.179 Abstract The Nanomaterial Data Curation Initiative (NDCI), a project of the National Cancer Informatics Program Nanotechnology Working Group (NCIP NanoWG), explores the critical

• aspect of data curation within the development of informatics approaches to understanding nanomaterial behavior. Data repositories and tools for integrating and interrogating complex nanomaterial datasets are gaining widespread interest, with multiple projects now appearing in the US and the EU. Even in

• analysis of nanomaterial data curation itself, as well as a platform for multiple other important discussions to advance the field of nanoinformatics. This article outlines the NDCI project and lays the foundation for a series of papers on nanomaterial data curation. The NDCI purpose is to: 1) present and

Atomic scale interface design and characterisation

• Carla Bittencourt,
• Chris Ewels and
• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1708–1711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.174

• . Finally some reviews cover key examples of successful nanomaterial integration. Recent drives to improve and refine nanomaterial synthesis routes have adopted different approaches. The increasingly important role played by organic chemists in the field of nanocarbon design has led to new families of

• -ray microscopy has shown to be a powerful tool for chemical analysis of radiation-sensitive nanomaterial [7]. Combining the chemical and magnetic information provided by XPEEM with the structural sensitivity of LEEM has created a complete characterization tool of material properties at the nanometer

Structural and magnetic properties of iron nanowires and iron nanoparticles fabricated through a reduction reaction

• Marcin Krajewski,
• Wei Syuan Lin,
• Hong Ming Lin,
• Katarzyna Brzozka,
• Sabina Lewinska,
• Natalia Nedelko,
• Anna Slawska-Waniewska,
• Jolanta Borysiuk and
• Dariusz Wasik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1652–1660, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.167

• nanomaterial. It has been already reported that the iron oxide layer at the surface of nanoparticles shows a tendency towards the similar crystallographic orientation as the underlying Fe core [21]. Thus, it is believed that amorphous iron, which lies between the crystalline iron core and iron oxide layer of

• investigated iron nanowires can be treated as straight chains of iron nanoparticles. Therefore, the “chain-of-spheres model” can be applied for this nanomaterial [30]. Moreover, this model can be used only for the single-domain particles with diameters of around 100 nm [9], which matches perfectly with the

• influences the samples, is the application of the external magnetic field during the fabrication process of iron nanowires. The external field enables the formation of wire-like nanomaterial, which actually should be considered as straight chains of single domain iron nanoparticles with dipolar interactions

The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information

• Nina Jeliazkova,
• Charalampos Chomenidis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Bengt Fadeel,
• Roland Grafström,
• Barry Hardy,
• Janna Hastings,
• Markus Hegi,
• Vedrin Jeliazkov,
• Nikolay Kochev,
• Pekka Kohonen,
• Cristian R. Munteanu,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Bart Smeets,
• Pantelis Sopasakis,
• Georgia Tsiliki,
• David Vorgrimmler and
• Egon Willighagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1609–1634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165

• expectations and (inter)national standards. This usually translates into a set of available study summaries (rarely raw data) for a given ENM. The inclusion of links to product databases could also be considered (e.g., whether the nanomaterial occurs in nature, whether it is emitted by cars or is present in

• certain food sources, as well as known therapies in which the nanomaterial is used). However, supporting raw data files (including microscopy images) is an important requirement in contexts other than regulatory, enabling the reproducibility of the data preprocessing and analysis. Links to the

• ], Nanomaterial-Biological Interactions Knowledgebase (http://nbi.oregonstate.edu/), caNanoLab (http://cananolab.nci.nih.gov/caNanoLab/) [7], InterNano (http://www.internano.org/), Nano-EHS Database Analysis Tool (http://icon.rice.edu/report.cfm), nanoHUB (nanohub.org/resources/databases/), NanoTechnology

How decision analysis can further nanoinformatics

• Matthew E. Bates,
• Sabrina Larkin,
• Jeffrey M. Keisler and
• Igor Linkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1594–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.162

• Science and Information Systems, College of Management, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA 10.3762/bjnano.6.162 Abstract The increase in nanomaterial research has resulted in increased nanomaterial data. The next challenge is to meaningfully integrate and interpret these data for better

• , however, have yet to efficiently focus data acquisition efforts on the research most relevant for bridging specific nanomaterial data gaps. Collecting unnecessary data and visualizing irrelevant information are expensive activities that overwhelm decision makers. We propose that the decision analytic

• ; Introduction Extensive nanomaterial research has yielded an increasing amount of nanomaterial data [1]. The nanomaterial data are currently so vast that it has become difficult to find data relevant to a specific need. However, a formal knowledge infrastructure, inclusive of current nanomaterial data, is

Experiences in supporting the structured collection of cancer nanotechnology data using caNanoLab

• Stephanie A. Morris,
• Sharon Gaheen,
• Michal Lijowski,
• Mervi Heiskanen and
• Juli Klemm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1580–1593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.161

• Laboratory (caNanoLab) data portal is an online nanomaterial database that allows users to submit and retrieve information on well-characterized nanomaterials, including composition, in vitro and in vivo experimental characterizations, experimental protocols, and related publications. Initiated in 2006

• , caNanoLab serves as an established resource with an infrastructure supporting the structured collection of nanotechnology data to address the needs of the cancer biomedical and nanotechnology communities. The portal contains over 1,000 curated nanomaterial data records that are publicly accessible for

• review, comparison, and re-use, with the ultimate goal of accelerating the translation of nanotechnology-based cancer therapeutics, diagnostics, and imaging agents to the clinic. In this paper, we will discuss challenges associated with developing a nanomaterial database and recognized needs for

Influence of surface chemical properties on the toxicity of engineered zinc oxide nanoparticles to embryonic zebrafish

• Zitao Zhou,
• Jino Son,
• Bryan Harper,
• Zheng Zhou and
• Stacey Harper

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1568–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.160

• set of intrinsic properties of ligands and/or capping agents with their biological effects could serve as the basis of nanomaterial structure–activity relationships (nanoSARs) [23][24]. However, there is a limited understanding of how to link different nanoparticle surface chemistries directly to the

• Supporting Information File 1). The results of the endpoint analysis using the Fisher’s exact test for all tested NPs are provided in Supporting Information File 2. Detailed raw toxicity data for each individual exposure is also available online from the Nanomaterial-Biological Interactions knowledgebase

• . Experimental Nanomaterials The ZnO NPs with different capping agents and sizes were obtained from a variety of commercial and research laboratories (Table 1). More detailed characterization of the nanomaterials are also available on the open-source Nanomaterial-Biological Interactions Knowledgebase [39

Using natural language processing techniques to inform research on nanotechnology

• Nastassja A. Lewinski and
• Bridget T. McInnes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.149

• and their associated physico-chemical properties, performance, exposure scenarios, and biological effects. In this paper, we review the different informatics methods that have been applied to patent mining, nanomaterial/device characterization, nanomedicine, and environmental risk assessment. Nine

• , Nanomaterial Registry), domain ontologies (e.g., NanoParticle Ontology), terminologies and standards (e.g., ISA-TAB-Nano), data and text mining (e.g., NEIminer, TechPerceptor), and modeling/simulation (e.g., HDAT). Extracting information usually comes from two different sources: (1) literature to which natural

• , have also been developed [20][21]. In the following section, we describe our method for identifying the nanoinformatics literature discussed in this paper, and then review the different informatics methods that have been applied such as patent mining, nanomaterial/device characterization, nanomedicine

Thermal treatment of magnetite nanoparticles

• Beata Kalska-Szostko,
• Urszula Wykowska,
• Dariusz Satula and
• Per Nordblad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1385–1396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.143

• , mainly on the type of nanomaterial and method of fabrication [16]. As for all nanomaterials, the properties of magnetite change on the nanoscale. At the bulk level, the oxidation of magnetite to hematite at room temperature is inhibited, and only by heating to 600 °C can changes in the crystalline

Simulation tool for assessing the release and environmental distribution of nanomaterials

• Haoyang Haven Liu,
• Muhammad Bilal,
• Anastasiya Lazareva,
• Arturo Keller and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.97

• CeO2 Release Rates in Newcastle UK by VMT and Diesel Fuel Consumption). The estimated CeO2 release rates for the above two cases are 21.48 and 44.82 kg yr−1, respectively. Applications and Merits In summary, an integrated release and environmental distribution of nanomaterial (RedNano) simulation tool

Pt- and Pd-decorated MWCNTs for vapour and gas detection at room temperature

• Hamdi Baccar,
• Atef Thamri,
• Pierrick Clément,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 919–927, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.95

• desorption of nitrogen dioxide from the surface of the active nanomaterial. Similar results were previously observed for the detection of this pollutant gas with different types of metal-decorated MWCNT sensors [34][35][36]. Figure 7 shows the calibration curves for the detection of NO2 using Pd- and Pt

Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity

• Lennart Treuel,
• Dominic Docter,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88

• slowly evolves to a “hard” corona with less dynamic exchange [112][162][163]. Previous studies investigating nanomaterial exposure to complex biological environments [3][8][41][112][162] have largely failed to allow for the highly dynamic situation of physiological systems. Corona-carrying NPs may need

Microwave assisted synthesis and characterisation of a zinc oxide/tobacco mosaic virus hybrid material. An active hybrid semiconductor in a field-effect transistor device

• Shawn Sanctis,
• Rudolf C. Hoffmann,
• Sabine Eiben and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 785–791, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.81

• zinc oxide films. The fabricated FET shows a reasonable performance for the as-prepared device, without any post processing of the bio-inorganic hybrid nanomaterial. Such an approach towards generation of a bio-inorganic material encourages the use of nanoscale virus templates to obtain hybrid

Chains of carbon atoms: A vision or a new nanomaterial?

• Florian Banhart

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 559–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.58

Hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells: polymeric nanoparticle uptake and lineage differentiation

• Ivonne Brüstle,
• Thomas Simmet,
• Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Volker Mailänder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 383–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.38

• intracellular depot of a drug or a nucleic acid construct with slow release kinetics. Thus, the intended nanoparticles should be tested for toxicity and the nanomaterial as a carrier ideally should not influence cellular functions itself, that is, only the payload should exert such an effect. Once introduced

Mechanical properties of MDCK II cells exposed to gold nanorods

• Anna Pietuch,
• Bastian Rouven Brückner,
• David Schneider,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Christina Rosman,
• Carsten Sönnichsen and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 223–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.21

• that have been focussed on. Cytoxicity of nanomaterial has been assessed by common cytotoxicity assays targeting enzymatic activity such as LDH, MTT and ECIS. So far, however, less attention has been paid to the mechanical parameters of cells exposed to gold particles, which is an important reporter on