Increasing throughput of AFM-based single cell adhesion measurements through multisubstrate surfaces

• Miao Yu,
• Nico Strohmeyer,
• Jinghe Wang,
• Daniel J. Müller and
• Jonne Helenius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 157–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.15

• measurements can be made but also improve their reliability and comparability, because the adhesion of cells of the same type can vary considerably [37]. Therefore, the number of cells probed can be reduced. In addition, the masks decrease the coating area, reduce experimental material and improve experimental

The distribution and degradation of radiolabeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and quantum dots in mice

• Denise Bargheer,
• Artur Giemsa,
• Barbara Freund,
• Markus Heine,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Gordon M. Stachowski,
• Stephen G. Hickey,
• Alexander Eychmüller,
• Jörg Heeren and
• Peter Nielsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 111–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.11

• around 70% of the injected dose present (Figure 7A). This is in good agreement with the results from Sun et al. [32] and supports the reliability of our label results. When CdSe/CdS/ZnS (core/shell/shell) quantum dots are degraded in vivo, the outer shell will be dissolved first and zinc will be released

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

• impurities such as carbon monoxide in the hydrogen fuel, and much simplified thermal and water management of the system. Hence, there are good reasons to develop fuel cell systems that can operate above 120 °C. At this moment, however, no commercial HT-PEMFCs have been developed to meet the reliability and

The capillary adhesion technique: a versatile method for determining the liquid adhesion force and sample stiffness

• Daniel Gandyra,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Stanislav Gorb,
• Wilhelm Barthlott and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 11–18, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.2

• constant of (0.195 ± 0.002 ± 0.011) N/m. This is in agreement with the spring constant of 0.18 N/m given by the manufacturer, which confirms the reliability of our method. Conclusion To conclude, a versatile, novel technique was presented, which determines both the adhesion force of individual small

Gas sensing properties of nanocrystalline diamond at room temperature

• Marina Davydova,
• Pavel Kulha,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Karel Hruska,
• Pavel Demo and
• Alexander Kromka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2339–2345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.243

• reproducibility and device reliability. The Raman spectrum of the structures (Figure 6) is characterized by two strong contributions: the peak characteristic for diamond centered at 1330 cm−1 (D-peak) and the broad band at approximately 1590 cm−1 attributed to the non-diamond phase (G-peak or sp2-bonded carbon

In situ metalation of free base phthalocyanine covalently bonded to silicon surfaces

• Fabio Lupo,
• Cristina Tudisco,
• Federico Bertani,
• Enrico Dalcanale and
• Guglielmo G. Condorelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2222–2229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.231

• , covalent grafting on H-terminated silicon through hydrosilylation reaction has the advantage to form robust and highly stable Si–C bonds. For this reason, a device based on silicon-grafted molecules possesses a much greater robustness and reliability compared to van der Waals films or Au-bonded layers

Optical properties and electrical transport of thin films of terbium(III) bis(phthalocyanine) on cobalt

• Peter Robaschik,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Daniel Bülz,
• Peter Richter,
• Manuel Monecke,
• Michael Fronk,
• Svetlana Klyatskaya,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Mario Ruben,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Georgeta Salvan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2070–2078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.215

• . This analysis considers areas of 2 × 2 µm2 shown in Figure 4, which contain approximately 2 × 103 grains on the surface. The statistical analysis was performed on different locations of the organic films, revealing similar results. This reinforces the reliability of the data and dismisses the

Patterning a hydrogen-bonded molecular monolayer with a hand-controlled scanning probe microscope

• Matthew F. B. Green,
• Taner Esat,
• Christian Wagner,
• Philipp Leinen,
• Alexander Grötsch,
• F. Stefan Tautz and
• Ruslan Temirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1926–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.203

• through the tip–PTCDA–Ag(111) junction with the effects of de-population and de-hybridization of the LUMO of PTCDA, which occur upon the gradual breaking of the PTCDA–Ag(111) bonds [12][20][21]. Finally, to illustrate the reliability of the HCM, we present a structure “stencilled” into PTCDA/Ag(111) by

A reproducible number-based sizing method for pigment-grade titanium dioxide

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Manfred Kluwig and
• Thomas Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1815–1822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.192

• reproducible. This is the consequence of a rigorous procedure, which primarily targets reliability: a representative, macroscopic amount of sample to start with, preparation that eliminates the possibility of overlapping particles, defined standard operating procedures for sample preparation, measurement and

Precise quantification of silica and ceria nanoparticle uptake revealed by 3D fluorescence microscopy

• Adriano A. Torrano and
• Christoph Bräuchle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1616–1624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.173

• intensity of individual nanoparticles, Particle_in_Cell-3D has a routine to perform these measurements. Main features The main advantages of this method are its speed, reliability and accuracy. The complete analysis of one cell is performed in a few minutes. Moreover, the results are consistent, that is to

Formation of Cu_xAu_1−x phases by cold homogenization of Au/Cu nanocrystalline thin films

• Alona Tynkova,
• Gabor L. Katona,
• Gabor A. Langer,
• Sergey I. Sidorenko,
• Svetlana M. Voloshko and
• Dezso L. Beke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1491–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.162

• . After annealing at 180 °C for 5 h they decrease to d = 9 nm and d = 2 nm for Au and Cu, respectively (Figure 2b). The grain size of the newly formed AuCu3 phase (after 10 h of heat treatment at 180 °C) was estimated from the (111) peaks and 6 nm was obtained (Figure 2c). Regarding the reliability of the

Microstructural and plasmonic modifications in Ag–TiO₂ and Au–TiO₂ nanocomposites through ion beam irradiation

• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra,
• Venkata Girish Kotnur,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi,
• Thomas Strunskus,
• Vladimir Zaporotchenko,
• Dietmar Fink,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Franz Faupel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.154

• agrees with the simulated results for TiO by using the JEMS software [50]. In spite of the well-known problems of the light elements' quantification by EDX, test measurements on distinct samples (e.g., amorphous TiO2) point to a sufficient reliability of the setup for a semi-quantitative interpretation

The protein corona protects against size- and dose-dependent toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles

• Dominic Docter,
• Christoph Bantz,
• Dana Westmeier,
• Hajo J. Galla,
• Qiangbin Wang,
• James C. Kirkpatrick,
• Peter Nielsen,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.151

• ASP20 (Figure 3B) or ASP100 (Figure 3C). These results not only confirm the size- and dose-dependent ASP toxicity but also underline the reliability of the microscopy-based morphological assay as a convenient approach to test for nanotoxicity. Currently, high-throughput testing is actively discussed as

Review of nanostructured devices for thermoelectric applications

• Giovanni Pennelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1268–1284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.141

• operation of the device. This high reliability is due to the high level of interconnections (vertical and horizontal branches) of the net. It has been demonstrated [100] that the total top to bottom electrical resistance of the net increases only negligibly for a nanowire failure percentage up to 40%, that

• review of the most innovative technological solutions currently under development for this purpose. Several solutions are very interesting and promising. However, problems of reliability, repeatability on large areas and mechanical stability of very long, and very narrow, silicon nanowires still need to

Surface assembly and nanofabrication of 1,1,1-tris(mercaptomethyl)heptadecane on Au(111) studied with time-lapse atomic force microscopy

• Tian Tian,
• Burapol Singhana,
• Lauren E. Englade-Franklin,
• Xianglin Zhai,
• T. Randall Lee and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 26–35, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.3

• metal surfaces is a consideration for applications of SAMs, which impacts the reliability and durability of the related products [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. To realize the full potential of patterning surfaces for manufacturing processes, challenges need to be addressed for designing robust

Static analysis of rectangular nanoplates using trigonometric shear deformation theory based on nonlocal elasticity theory

• Mohammad Rahim Nami and
• Maziar Janghorban

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 968–973, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.109

• nondimensional deflections and deflection ratios will be discussed in the next section. Numerical results First of all, to show the reliability and accuracy of the aforementioned equations, our numerical results are compared with those available in literature for simply supported macro plates. In Table 1, the

Cyclic photochemical re-growth of gold nanoparticles: Overcoming the mask-erosion limit during reactive ion etching on the nanoscale

• Burcin Özdemir,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alfred Plettl and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 886–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.100

• . For that purpose, the organic matrix is completely removed by exposure to oxygen and hydrogen plasmas while, in parallel, the precursors are reduced into the metallic state to form NP. The reliability of the approach has been demonstrated previously for colloidal [1][2] as well as micellar [3][4][5][6

Dynamic nanoindentation by instrumented nanoindentation and force microscopy: a comparative review

• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Estelle Kalfon-Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 815–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.93

• nanoindentation. The need to develop standard methods in dynamic nanoindentation has been shown to be crucial for the reliability and repeatability of the experiments. Such a standardized method should include a clear protocol for the modulation, the calibration process of the instrument, the reference materials

Atomic force microscopy recognition of protein A on Staphylococcus aureus cell surfaces by labelling with IgG–Au conjugates

• Elena B. Tatlybaeva,
• Hike N. Nikiyan,
• Alexey S. Vasilchenko and
• Dmitri G. Deryabin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 743–749, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.84

• interactions. These circumstances indicate the relevance of the development of a simple, sensitive and reproducible AFM recognition method that is available both for routine studies and for unambiguous interpretation of the AFM results. In order to increase the reliability of the complex detection on bacterial

• a high reliability (P < 0.0001). Roughness of the cell surface was higher values this time (Rq = 2.60 ± 2.23 nm). An irregular distribution of IgG–Au conjugates on the cellular surfaces was established. We defined three ways of orientation of the IgG–Au labels according to binding area (Figure 2a

Mapping of plasmonic resonances in nanotriangles

• Simon Dickreuter,
• Julia Gleixner,
• Andreas Kolloch,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Elke Scheer and
• Paul Leiderer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 588–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.66

• than the experimental ones, yet of the same magnitude. This sheds light on the reliability of FDTD simulations, for which it is apparently crucial that all the details of the plasmonic structures are taken into account, if one aims at a quantitative prediction of the near fields. Although a similar

Deformation-induced grain growth and twinning in nanocrystalline palladium thin films

• Aaron Kobler,
• Jochen Lohmiller,
• Jonathan Schäfer,
• Michael Kerber,
• Anna Castrup,
• Ankush Kashiwar,
• Patric A. Gruber,
• Karsten Albe,
• Horst Hahn and
• Christian Kübel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 554–566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.64

• ductility and suffer from rapid strain localization [2]. Understanding the underlying deformation mechanisms operating in these structures is important, for example to guarantee the reliability of nc materials in next-generation micro- and nano-scale devices. In nc metals, with grain sizes well below 100 nm

• filter of the combined Euler angles. Grain recognition in the orientation maps with an expanded Mtex version 3.3.1 [46]. The chosen disorientation between neighbors for the recognition is 3°. Grain filtering: Removal of grains that contain less than 50% pixel having a combined reliability greater than

• -TEM images of the initial microstructure of ncPd 1 (a) and ncPd 2 (b) with the corresponding selected electron diffraction pattern (SAED) as insets. Orientation maps overlaid with reliability derived from ACOM-TEM of the as deposited sample in a) cross section and b) plane view (insets shows the color

Influence of the solvent on the stability of bis(terpyridine) structures on graphite

• Daniela Künzel and
• Axel Groß

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 269–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.29

• . In order to validate the reliability of the force fields used in this study, we have considered liquid densities and the solvation energies in water and TCB. In order to be consistent with our scheme to determine the free enthalpies of adsorption, we estimated the solvation energy Esolv from the free

Effect of spherical Au nanoparticles on nanofriction and wear reduction in dry and liquid environments

• Dave Maharaj and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 759–772, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.85

• needed become high, which can hinder device operation and reliability [2]. The choice of a suitable lubricant on these scales becomes crucial. Nano-objects are also used for applications that require controlled manipulation and targeting mechanisms in biomedicine and the oil industry. Applications

Friction and durability of virgin and damaged skin with and without skin cream treatment using atomic force microscopy

• Bharat Bhushan,
• Si Chen and
• Shirong Ge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 731–746, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.83

• Bharat Bhushan Si Chen Shirong Ge Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics, The Ohio State University, 201 W 19th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 USA Institute of Tribology and Reliability Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116 China 10.3762

The memory effect of nanoscale memristors investigated by conducting scanning probe microscopy methods

• César Moreno,
• Carmen Munuera,
• Xavier Obradors and
• Carmen Ocal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 722–730, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.82

• performance. No measurable changes were observed in the current measured on these nonmodified regions after the whole series of experiments in Figure 5, ensuring the good electrical performance of the tip and the reliability of the measurements. As will be confirmed below and has been previously demonstrated