Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers

• Dong Ye,
• Mattia Bramini,
• Delyan R. Hristov,
• Sha Wan,
• Anna Salvati,
• Christoffer Åberg and
• Kenneth A. Dawson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141

•  1, Figure S10). This observation is clearly in agreement with the high amount of fluorescence at the apical surface of the barriers seen using light microscopy (Figure 2). It should be noted that such particle association might be sensitive to the removal by washing and other steps in the sample

• and that there remain many interesting strands for future research. Thus the substantial nanoparticle absorption to the outside of the cells is a concern from a purely technical standpoint, potentially making quantitative results highly dependent upon the nature of washing and other sample preparation

Deposition of exchange-coupled dinickel complexes on gold substrates utilizing ambidentate mercapto-carboxylato ligands

• Martin Börner,
• Laura Blömer,
• Marcus Kischel,
• Peter Richter,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Maria E. N. Fuentes,
• Carlos C. B. Bufon,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Daniel Breite,
• Bernd Abel and
• Berthold Kersting

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1375–1387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.139

• followed by washing with EtOH and drying under N2 flow. The modified Au(111) surfaces were examined by contact angle measurements, AFM topography analysis, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Table 2 lists the results. The data for 2 and 3 and other compounds have been included for comparison. Static contact

Oxidative chemical vapor deposition of polyaniline thin films

• Yuriy Y. Smolin,
• Masoud Soroush and
• Kenneth K. S. Lau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1266–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.128

• , conjugation length, and chemistry. In addtion to examining the as-deposited films, deposited samples were also soaked in tetrahydrofuran (THF >99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich) for 3 h and dried in a vacuum oven at 70 °C for 14 h. The washing process has previously been used to improve film properties, such as

• conductivity and stability, and often results in a much smoother film surface [17]. Besides THF, methanol is a common solvent that is used in the washing process, and acid-washing (e.g., HCl, HBr, H2SO4) has also been explored as a way to improve film conductivity by improving chain packing and increased

• removing residual oxidant, short-chain oligomers, and unreacted monomer [17]. For example, Nejati et al. [31] have shown that washing oCVD PTh films removes the oxidant dopant and soluble portions of the film, which from UV–vis analysis was composed of short chain oligomers of five repeat units or shorter

Characterization of ferrite nanoparticles for preparation of biocomposites

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Magdalena Rogowska,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1257–1265, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.127

• end, the nanoparticles were washed and dried at RT to powder form. The functionalization of the nanoparticles with glutaraldehyde starts with washing and mixing by sonication of surface-modified nanoparticles in Tris-HCl solution (pH 7.4). Then, a 5% solution of glutaraldehyde was added and the

• whole combination was mixed for 2 h at RT, then washed 3 times with PBS and dried at RT [16][36]. Lipase: Attachment of lipase starts with washing the nanoparticles with PBS solution, then the mixture of lipase (14 g/L) and PBS was added to the nanoparticles. The combination was mixed for 2 h in a warm

Nano-engineered skin mesenchymal stem cells: potential vehicles for tumour-targeted quantum-dot delivery

• Liga Saulite,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Simona Steponkiene,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1218–1230, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.123

• nonlabelled cells. After incubation, the medium was aspirated and each well was rinsed with 2 mL of PBS. Then, fixation with 4% PFA in PBS (w/v) for 20 min at room temperature was performed. Wells were washed three times with 0.5 mL of washing buffer containing 1% BSA (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) in PBS for 5 min

• each. Permeabilization and blocking was performed with 0.3% Triton X-100 (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and 1% BSA in PBS for 45 min at room temperature. The cytoskeleton of cells was subsequently stained with methanolic Alexa Fluor488 Phalloidin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) diluted 1:100 in washing buffer

• and incubated for 30 min at room temperature in the dark. The samples were subsequently washed three times and counterstained with a Hoechst 33342 trihydrochloride, trihydrate (10 mg/mL) solution (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) diluted 1:1000 in washing buffer for 5 min at room temperature in the dark

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• washing with deionized water several times. To increase the number of surface-exposed carboxylic acid groups, the dried fibers (10 g) were oxidized in 65% nitric acid (200 mL) at 115 °C for 90 min. The fibers were washed repeatedly with deionized water prior to drying at 60 °C. Tetraethylenepentamine was

Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO₂ nanorods

• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Polona Umek,
• Alexandre Gloter,
• Jana Padežnik Gomilšek and
• Peter Bukovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104

• present in the samples in different proportions. They originate from the sulfuric acid, which was part of the reaction mixture, and their contents may differ due to slightly different washing procedures at the end of the preparation route. Conclusion Regardless of the reaction temperature, all prepared

Phospholipid arrays on porous polymer coatings generated by micro-contact spotting

• Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
• Monica de Freitas,
• Lea-Marie Tröster,
• Tobias Jochum,
• Pavel A. Levkin,
• Michael Hirtz and
• Harald Fuchs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 715–722, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.75

• -EDMA) is used as a 3D mesh for spotting lipid arrays. Its porous structure is an ideal matrix for lipid ink to infiltrate, resulting in higher fluorescent signal intensity as compared to similar arrays on strictly 2D substrates like glass. The embedded lipid arrays show high stability against washing

• an optical reference DOPC doped with rhodamine was patterned in-between DNP-lipid structures (Figure 3a). After blocking with 10% BSA and subsequent washing, samples were incubated with anti-DNP IgE antibody labelled with Alexa 488 dye for direct visualization. Plotting of the mean fluorescence

• the last washing step after blocking with BSA dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 10−4 M) was added to the buffer in order to prepare the array for the binding of ARbiot onto the STV-Cy3–biotin arrays [25]. Next, freshly purified ARbiot was loaded onto the sample surface. After overnight incubation at 4 °C

α-((4-Cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol): a new stabilizer for silver nanoparticles

• Jana Lutze,
• Miguel A. Bañares,
• Marcos Pita,
• Andrea Haase,
• Andreas Luch and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 627–635, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.67

• and nitrate anions that still remain on the SNP surface even after washing. After treatment at high pH values and the corresponding cleavage of some of the stabilizer, the steric contribution is likely less pronounced (as some of the PEG is removed from the surface) and the contribution from

Investigation of the photocatalytic efficiency of tantalum alkoxy carboxylate-derived Ta₂O₅ nanoparticles in rhodamine B removal

• Subia Ambreen,
• Mohammad Danish,
• Narendra D. Pandey and
• Ashutosh Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 604–613, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.65

• reasons for the difference of catalytic performances of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were recycled from the reactions (after centrifugation, washing and drying) and reused, however, the efficiency of the reused catalysts was decreased by more than 50%. The mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of

Gas sensing properties of MWCNT layers electrochemically decorated with Au and Pd nanoparticles

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Riccardo Rossi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 592–603, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.64

• potential was −500 mV. Finally, the residual surfactant was completely removed from the functionalized device by extensively washing it with acetonitrile three times. The process was performed using two different deposition times, 90 s and 600 s, resulting in different metal loadings. The scheme of the

• surface after extensive device washing in ACN solution. Figure 3A, shows the Au 4f spectrum of Au-decorated MWCNTs, which clearly indicates a single doublet. This is attributed to nanometer-sized elemental gold according to the literature [19][42][43]. On the contrary, the Pd 3d XPS spectrum of Figure 3B

Nanostructured carbon materials decorated with organophosphorus moieties: synthesis and application

• Giacomo Biagiotti,
• Vittoria Langè,
• Cristina Ligi,
• Stefano Caporali,
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Anna Flis,
• K. Michał Pietrusiewicz,
• Giacomo Ghini,
• Alberto Brandi and
• Stefano Cicchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.52

• 8 was more easily isolated by filtration and repeated washing for complete removal of the excess reagents while GPs-Nit-PO derivative 9 was recovered using cycles of centrifugation and re-dispersion of the carbon material in a 1:1 isopropyl ether-isopropanol solution. The decoration of the

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• due to the freeze drying and washing of the microemulsion. Gao et al. [19] recrystallized 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX7) in ethyl alcohol down to the sub-micrometer range. SEM pictures show an irregular plate-like morphology and therefore highlight the inconsistency of the unique mean particle

Methods for preparing polymer-decorated single exchange-biased magnetic nanoparticles for application in flexible polymer-based films

• Laurence Ourry,
• Delphine Toulemon,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 408–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.43

• and PO(OH)2O(CH2)2OCOC(CH3)2Br phases, respectively. The absence of Cu signals in the ENP-PS spectra suggests that all metallic Cu complexes were eliminated during the washing and purification steps. Chemical compositions (provided by XPS data) of as-produced NPs and ENP-PS are listed in Table 1. The

• time was tuned from 1 to 3 h to influence the length of the polymer chains. The reaction was quenched by opening the system and diluting the solution with THF and hexane. Hairy, hybrid ENPs were recovered by centrifugation and washing with THF. They were referred to as ENP-PMMA-h, where h corresponds

Uptake of the proteins HTRA1 and HTRA2 by cells mediated by calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Olga Rotan,
• Katharina N. Severin,
• Simon Pöpsel,
• Alexander Peetsch,
• Melisa Merdanovic,
• Michael Ehrmann and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 381–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.40

• ) per 1 L of expression culture that had been equilibrated with 40 column volumes of lysis buffer. The columns were then washed as described for the Ni-TED columns. Additionally, a third washing step with 40 column volumes of wash buffer III was included (50 mM NaH2PO4, pH 8.0, 300 mM NaCl, 70 mM

• at room temperature in the dark. Then 0.6 mL of PBS were added to each sample and the cells were again washed three times by centrifugation (1,700g, 5 min, 4 °C) and subsequently redispersed in 3 mL PBS. After the last washing step, each sample was redispersed in 1 mL PBS and stored in the dark at 4

Template-controlled piezoactivity of ZnO thin films grown via a bioinspired approach

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Fabian Streb,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Zaklina Burghard and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 296–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.32

• several washing steps in Milli-Q water. ZnO mineralization For all solutions, methanol (BASF, VLSI selectipur) was used as solvent. Stock solutions with 34.02 mm Zn(CH3COO)2∙2H2O (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99.0%), 25.71 mm poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP, Sigma-Aldrich, Mw ≈ 10,000 g mol−1, batch BCBJ4889V) and 75 mm

Comparison of four functionalization methods of gold nanoparticles for enhancing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

• Paula Ciaurriz,
• Fátima Fernández,
• Edurne Tellechea,
• Jose F. Moran and
• Aaron C. Asensio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 244–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.27

• serum albumin (BSA) were added and shaken for 10 min. Thereafter the sample was centrifuged (7,500g 30 min) to remove unbound protein and AuNPs were re-suspended in 1 mL of 2 mM borate buffer pH 8.7 containing 5% sucrose, 2% glycerol, 0.5% BSA, and 0.01% Tween. The washing step was repeated once and the

• allowed to react for 10 min and purified by centrifugation at 7,500g for 30 min. The AuNP probe was re-suspended in 1 mL of borate buffer pH 8.7 containing 5% sucrose, 2% glycerol, and 0.01% Tween. The washing step was repeated once and the complex was re-suspended in 100 μL of mentioned buffer. The

• H2SO4 4 N and the absorbance was measured at 450 nm in a microplate reader. For each step a volume of 100 µL was used, except for the washing step where 300 µL were used. A curve log(agonist)–response was adjusted to obtained data y = min + (max − min)/(1 + 10log(EC50 − X)). ELISA gliadin probed by goat

Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles on a Si substrate

• Urmas Joost,
• Andris Šutka,
• Meeri Visnapuu,
• Aile Tamm,
• Meeri Lembinen,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Kathriin Utt,
• Krisjanis Smits,
• Ergo Nõmmiste and
• Vambola Kisand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 229–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.25

• % after washing. Thin films based on TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared from the NP colloidal solution (5.9% by mass in ethanol) by spin coating on Si(100) substrates in ambient atmosphere. The substrates were cleaned prior to coating with ethanol to remove small dust particles. The rotation frequency

Performance of colloidal CdS sensitized solar cells with ZnO nanorods/nanoparticles

• Anurag Roy,
• Partha Pratim Das,
• Mukta Tathavadekar,
• Sumita Das and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 210–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.23

• sonication was continued for 1.5 h. The yellowish-orange precipitate was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm followed by thoroughly washing with ethanol and distilled water. The precipitate was further dried at 70 °C and calcined at 300 °C for 2 h. The resultant yellowish-orange powder was used for further studies

Sensitive detection of hydrocarbon gases using electrochemically Pd-modified ZnO chemiresistors

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 82–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.9

• contrary, high selectivity towards NO2 gas detection was obtained by using pristine ZnO chemiresistors. Experimental Sol–gel synthesis of ZnO ZnO nanostructures were prepared via a sol–gel process following the procedure reported in [45]. The subsequent washing of the obtained gel led to the complete

From iron coordination compounds to metal oxide nanoparticles

• Mihail Iacob,
• Carmen Racles,
• Codrin Tugui,
• George Stiubianu,
• Adrian Bele,
• Liviu Sacarescu,
• Daniel Timpu and
• Maria Cazacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2074–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.198

• precipitated with ethanol and were then centrifuged. To remove excess surfactant, the washing procedure with ethanol and centrifugation were repeated three times. Dry thermal decomposition (calcination) (NPC series). Samples NPC1, NPC2 and NPC3 were prepared by heating of FeAc2, FeCrF and FePAZ, respectively

Solvent-mediated conductance increase of dodecanethiol-stabilized gold nanoparticle monolayers

• Patrick A. Reissner,
• Jean-Nicolas Tisserant,
• Antoni Sánchez-Ferrer,
• Raffaele Mezzenga and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2057–2064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.196

• dispersion. The nanoparticles fully precipitated after 48 h and the supernatant ethanol was removed with a pipette. A subsequent washing step with ethanol was performed to dispose unbound alkanethiols. The precipitated nanoparticles were dispersed in 4 mL of chloroform and sonicated for 10 min [15]. 400 µL

A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a

• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Kobra Omidfar and
• Hossein Ghanbarian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2023–2036, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.193

• blocked using BSA (2%, 40 µL) for 15 min. After washing the SPCEs by Tris buffer, the electrodes were subjected to immobilizing P2 on their surfaces. For this purpose, 40 µL of biotin-labeled P2 (0.30 ng/µL) was added to the working space of SPCEs and the electrodes were incubated for 60 min at room

Intercalation and structural aspects of macroRAFT agents into MgAl layered double hydroxides

• Dessislava Kostadinova,
• Ana Cenacchi Pereira,
• Muriel Lansalot,
• Franck D’Agosto,
• Elodie Bourgeat-Lami,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Christine Taviot-Guého,
• Sylvian Cadars and
• Vanessa Prevot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2000–2012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.191

• rpm for 10 min followed by three washing cycles with deionized water and further dried at room temperature. Characterisations. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded on a X’Pert Pro Philips diffractometer with a diffracted beam graphite monochromator and a Cu Kα radiation source in the 2θ

Zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons: one-dimensional resonant channels in two-dimensional atomic crystals

• Carlos. J. Páez,
• Dario. A. Bahamon,
• Ana L. C. Pereira and
• Peter. A. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1983–1990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.189

• segmented-edge device, showing how the defects on the edge may actually enrich the scenario instead of solely washing out the announced effects. This provides further evidence that the phenomenon is restricted to the atoms at the very edge. Finally, the conclusion suggest a bridge between the present 1D

• functions of electrons in the shallow/deep constriction and the wave function of electrons in the upper/lower edge greatly overlap washing out the Coulomb blockade. Tunnelling cannot be sequential and transmission is dominated by eigenstates of the constriction [39]. On the other hand, when the constriction

• experimental efforts, recalling that defects may lead to more complex spectra without washing out the main features. Other resonant tunnelling mechanisms have been observed in phosphorene nanoribbons with vacancies [42], defects [43] and transverse electric fields [44]. It is important to reinforce that these