Nanoparticle shapes by using Wulff constructions and first-principles calculations

• Georgios D. Barmparis,
• Zbigniew Lodziana,
• Nuria Lopez and
• Ioannis N. Remediakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 361–368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.35

• composition. For example, the octahedral shape characteristic of natural diamonds is also observed for nanoparticles that consist entirely of C atoms in the diamond crystal structure [18]. The Wulff construction offers a simple and rigorous way to describe nanoparticle shapes without the need to use complex

• structure of materials allowed for calculations of interface tensions from first principles. These data were often used in Wulff constructions for the prediction of the shape of nanoparticles in a variety of environments. Some characteristic examples include supported Au [33][34], diamond [35], TiO2 [36

• ], Si in amorphous SiO2 [37], diamond in amorphous C [38], Rh and Pd under oxidizing conditions [39], Cu in N gas [40], Au under oxidizing conditions [41], noble metals with an environment [42], complex metal hydrides [43], iron carbides [44] and dawsonites [45][46], just to name a few. Atomistic Wulff

Synthesis, characterization, monolayer assembly and 2D lanthanide coordination of a linear terphenyl-di(propiolonitrile) linker on Ag(111)

• Zhi Chen,
• Svetlana Klyatskaya,
• José I. Urgel,
• David Écija,
• Olaf Fuhr,
• Willi Auwärter,
• Johannes V. Barth and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 327–335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.31

• Diamond software [57]. CCDC-1026443 (2) and CCDC-1006987 (3) contain the supplementary reference crystallographic data for this paper. These data can be obtained free of charge at http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/conts/retrieving.html (or from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge

Comparative evaluation of the impact on endothelial cells induced by different nanoparticle structures and functionalization

• Lisa Landgraf,
• Ines Müller,
• Peter Ernst,
• Miriam Schäfer,
• Christina Rosman,
• Isabel Schick,
• Oskar Köhler,
• Hartmut Oehring,
• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Thomas Basché,
• Carsten Sönnichsen,
• Wolfgang Tremel and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 300–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.28

• -angle diamond knife (Diatome, Biel, Switzerland) in a Leica Ultracut S ultramicrotome was used to make ultrathin sections and then staining with freshly prepared uranyl acetate and lead citrate was performed. The sections were evaluated using a transmission electron microscope EM 902A (Zeiss, Germany

Oxygen-plasma-modified biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for enhanced compatibility of cardiovascular implants

• Anna Maria Pappa,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Silke Krol,
• Spyros Kassavetis,
• Dimitris Konstantinou,
• Charalampos Pitsalidis,
• Lazaros Tzounis,
• Nikos Pliatsikas and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 254–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.24

• . Mechanical characterization Nanoindentation: Dynamic nanoindentation testing (continuous stiffness measurements, Nanoindenter XP) was carried out. A Berkovich type diamond nanoindenter with nominal tip roundness of ca. 50 nm was used to test the samples. Several nanoindents were made to different surface

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of graphitic carbon nanomaterials doped with heteroatoms

• Toma Susi,
• Thomas Pichler and
• Paola Ayala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 177–192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.17

• sp2-hybridized covalent bonds into structures with dimensionalities in the nanometer scale. Although two naturally occurring forms of carbon, graphite and diamond, have been known for millennia, several new carbon nanomaterials have been created and identified in the last decades. Three recent stages

Multifunctional layered magnetic composites

• Maria Siglreitmeier,
• Baohu Wu,
• Tina Kollmann,
• Martin Neubauer,
• Gergely Nagy,
• Dietmar Schwahn,
• Vitaliy Pipich,
• Damien Faivre,
• Dirk Zahn,
• Andreas Fery and
• Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 134–148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.13

• perpendicular with a diamond knife in a Leica ultracut UCT and transferred onto a Formvar-coated copper grid. TEM and electron diffraction were performed on a Zeiss Libra 120 operating at 120 kV. For SEM measurements the samples were air-dried at room temperature and cut perpendicular to the chitin layers with

Mammalian cell growth on gold nanoparticle-decorated substrates is influenced by the nanoparticle coating

• Christina Rosman,
• Sebastien Pierrat,
• Marco Tarantola,
• David Schneider,
• Eva Sunnick,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Carsten Sönnichsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2479–2488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.257

• centrifugation at 110 g for 10 min. Cells were resuspended in fresh medium (10 mL) and seeded into a new culture flask at a ratio of 1:10 [37]. Cell growth on patterned substrates Markers for cell tracking shown in Figure 2A were scratched with a diamond-tipped pencil into the glass bottom of a petri dish

Gas sensing properties of nanocrystalline diamond at room temperature

• Marina Davydova,
• Pavel Kulha,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Karel Hruska,
• Pavel Demo and
• Alexander Kromka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2339–2345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.243

• Prague, Czech Republic 10.3762/bjnano.5.243 Abstract This study describes an integrated NH3 sensor based on a hydrogenated nanocrystalline diamond (NCD)-sensitive layer coated on an interdigitated electrode structure. The gas sensing properties of the sensor structure were examined using a reducing gas

• electrodes; nanocrystalline diamond; response; Introduction Air pollution is one of the main environmental-health related threats. Increasing amounts of noxious pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere, resulting in damage to human health and the environment. There is great interest in using sensing

• ][4][5][6][7]. To date, various publications have focused on conductometric integrating gas sensors, which are able to avoid several problems of conventional gas sensors. Nevertheless, the proper choice of the sensing material plays an essential role [3][4]. Diamond is a promising sensor material and

Localized surface plasmon resonances in nanostructures to enhance nonlinear vibrational spectroscopies: towards an astonishing molecular sensitivity

• Dan Lis and
• Francesca Cecchet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2275–2292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.237

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• particles have demonstrated high cellular uptake, low cytotoxicity and lower inflammatory potential than CNTs and a very promising future for biomedical applications. HRTEM images of (a) diamond nanoparticles, (b) spherical carbon onions, and (c) polyhedral carbon onions. Diamond nanoparticles are

Imaging the intracellular degradation of biodegradable polymer nanoparticles

• Anne-Kathrin Barthel,
• Martin Dass,
• Melanie Dröge,
• Jens-Michael Cramer,
• Daniela Baumann,
• Markus Urban,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.201

• the disk. The cells were then enclosed in the resin block. The block was divided in halves, then trimmed into a trapezoid area with an abundant number of cells, and then fixed in the ultra-microtome (Leica Ultracut UCT). With a diamond knife (Diatome Ultra, Switzerland), 60 nm thick sections were

Cathode lens spectromicroscopy: methodology and applications

• T. O. Menteş,
• G. Zamborlini,
• A. Sala and
• A. Locatelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1873–1886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.198

• Although LEEM and PEEM are widespread, only few instruments that combine both methods can be found in synchrotrons. Some prominent ones are situated at ALBA (Spain), BESSY (Germany), Diamond (UK), MAXLAB (Sweden), NSLS (USA), SOLEIL (France) and SPRING-8 (Japan). Among these, the end station of the

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• allotropes, the most widely known are carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and fullerenes, graphite and graphene (sp2), and diamond (sp3). From these distinct hybridisations, different properties are inherent to these allotropes. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs): CNTs, first reported by Iijima in 1991 [1], are hollow cylinders

• stimulation and functional scaffolds for tissue engineering). Nanodiamonds (NDs): As a result of the complete sp3 hybridisation of its carbon atoms and its characteristic tetrahedral configuration, diamond shows interesting and peculiar properties such as an extreme hardness, low friction coefficient, high

• mobility of electrical charge carriers and high thermal conductivity [8][9]. Diamond exhibits these properties both in bulk as well as at the nanoscale and combines them with typical features of nanomaterials, such as a large surface area and small overall size. NDs, mainly obtained by detonation of TNT

Electronic and electrochemical doping of graphene by surface adsorbates

• Hugo Pinto and
• Alexander Markevich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1842–1848, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.195

• demonstrated to be an efficient acceptor for diamond [33] and carbon nanotubes [34]. As the workfunctions of diamond and graphene are similar, the F4-TCNQ molecule was considered to be a good candidate for p-type doping of graphene. The effect of the F4-TCNQ molecule on the electronic properties of epitaxial

• molecules, which consequently increases the concentration of holes in graphene, as it was observed experimentally [21]. Some of these redox reactions were first discussed for diamond and carbon nanotubes [17][45] and were investigated for graphene because of the similarity in all their work functions. For

• instance, the exposure of hydrogenated diamond to a humid atmosphere results in p-type doping [46][47], which can be suppressed by NH3 and enhanced by NO2 [48]. Similar effects were reported for carbon nanotubes [49][50]. It would be interesting to see whether they could apply to graphite or indeed if some

Silicon and germanium nanocrystals: properties and characterization

• Ivana Capan,
• Alexandra Carvalho and
• José Coutinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1787–1794, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.189

• , Portugal 10.3762/bjnano.5.189 Abstract Group-IV nanocrystals have emerged as a promising group of materials that extends the realm of application of bulk diamond, silicon, germanium and related materials beyond their traditional boundaries. Over the last two decades of research, their potential for

• energy, as well as edge- and corner-energies (for less than 104 atoms) determine the shape of the NCs grown under near-equilibrium quasi-static conditions. It has been found that diamond NCs are most stable in a truncated octahedral structure, but Si and Ge NCs are stable in a nearly-spherical geometry

• [61]. In any case, free standing Si and Ge NCs are usually grown in conditions very far from equilibrium, justifying the use of spherical models [62]. Diamond nanocrystals, however, have been grown in different shapes and configurations, and their optical properties have been found to be in

Quasi-1D physics in metal-organic frameworks: MIL-47(V) from first principles

• Danny E. P. Vanpoucke,
• Jan W. Jaeken,
• Stijn De Baerdemacker,
• Kurt Lejaeghere and
• Veronique Van Speybroeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1738–1748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.184

• fractions of antiferromagnetic chains show increasingly higher transition pressures, until the systems contain only antiferromagnetic chains, which have the highest transition pressure of 124 MPa. Alternately, in XRPD experiments at room temperature while using a diamond anvil cell the transition pressure

Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

• Ahmed Salama,
• Mike Neumann,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1553–1568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.167

• done on a Thermo Nicolet FT-IR Nexus 470 with a diamond crystal. Spectra were recorded from 500 to 4000 cm−1 with a resolution of 2 cm−1. X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded with a Siemens D5005 (Cu Kα, 0.154 nm) between 3 and 70° 2θ with a step size of 0.02° per second. Samples were mounted on a

Synthesis of hydrophobic photoluminescent carbon nanodots by using L-tyrosine and citric acid through a thermal oxidation route

• Venkatesh Gude

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1513–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.164

• molecule detection, energy transfer [1]. A special form of carbon (smaller than 10 nm in size) exhibiting fascinating properties are carbon nanodots (CNDs), which are different in their properties from zero-band gap graphene, diamond, and fullerene. Carbon nanodots (CNDs) exhibit properties such as

Near-field photochemical and radiation-induced chemical fabrication of nanopatterns of a self-assembled silane monolayer

• Ulrich C. Fischer,
• Carsten Hentschel,
• Florian Fontein,
• Linda Stegemann,
• Christiane Hoeppener,
• Harald Fuchs and
• Stefanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1441–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.156

• coating of a 2% solution of polystyrene (MW 100000) in toluene at 1500 rpm. The sandwich layer of the gold film and the polystyrene film is cut with a diamond marker into squares of about 2–3 mm. By dipping the coated cover glass slowly at an oblique angle into a water trough, the films are separated from

Nano-rings with a handle – Synthesis of substituted cycloparaphenylenes

• Anne-Florence Tran-Van and
• Hermann A. Wegner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1320–1333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.145

• beyond the parent unsubstituted oligo-phenylene structure. Keywords: aromatic compounds; carbon nanotubes; cycloparaphenylene; organic synthesis; Introduction Carbon is for organic chemists the essential building block. Besides graphite and diamond scientists have discovered new carbon allotropes such

An insight into the mechanism of charge-transfer of hybrid polymer:ternary/quaternary chalcopyrite colloidal nanocrystals

• Parul Chawla,
• Son Singh and
• Shailesh Narain Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1235–1244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.137

• various complimentary characterization techniques. Results and Discussion CISe is known to acquire a chalcopyrite lattice structure, which usually is a diamond-like structure similar to the sphalerite structure. The difference lies in the ordered substitution of the Cu and In element on the Zn sites of

Characterization and photocatalytic study of tantalum oxide nanoparticles prepared by the hydrolysis of tantalum oxo-ethoxide Ta₈(μ₃-O)₂(μ-O)₈(μ-OEt)₆(OEt)₁₄

• Subia Ambreen,
• N D Pandey,
• Peter Mayer and
• Ashutosh Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1082–1090, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.121

• , fused calcium chloride and aluminum isopropoxide, then it was passed into the distilled water through a tube with a diameter of 7 mm. 1H NMR spectra were recorded in C6D6 on a Bruker Biospin ARX spectrometer with TMS as internal reference. TGA/DTA/DSC was recorded by using a Diamond TG/DTAN instrument

A nanometric cushion for enhancing scratch and wear resistance of hard films

• Katya Gotlib-Vainshtein,
• Olga Girshevitz,
• Chaim N. Sukenik,
• David Barlam and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1005–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.114

• friction reduction when one of the opposing surfaces is much harder than the other, as well as the role of wear particles. In order to reduce wear, hard coatings such as metal oxides and hard carbon or diamond coatings are often employed. The adhesion term arises from the growth of junctions forming

• . According to the ASTM standard G171 (03) – standard test method for scratch hardness of materials using a diamond stylus [33], scratch hardness changes inversely with the scratch width at a given load. In the work reported herein, a two-layer coating is used to alter the hardness and friction of a titania

• "Sader method" [49]. Nanoscratching was done using a diamond coated tip (DDESP) (force constant of 20–80 N/m, Digital Instruments, Santa Barbara, CA). Nanoscratching was done with the indenter at variable normal loads of 5–25 μN, a sliding speed of 0.3 μm/s and a scratch length of ≈1.5 μm. The same

Growth and characterization of CNT–TiO₂ heterostructures

• Yucheng Zhang,
• Ivo Utke,
• Johann Michler,
• Gabriele Ilari,
• Marta D. Rossell and
• Rolf Erni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 946–955, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.108

• * and σ* peaks at the C_K edge, the amount of sp2 and sp3 hybridizations can be quantified in amorphous carbon, which determines the physical properties [51][52]. Similarly, Muller et al. have used the ELNES signals to produce a map of sp2 and sp3 at the interface of diamond grown on Si/SiO2 with a sub

• -nanometer spatial resolution, which helps to understand the nucleation of diamond [53]. Suenaga et al. have performed in-situ bending of SW-CNTs in TEM and observed a change in the C_K edge ELNES at kinks of the CNT bundles, indicating the change of the electronic structure with the deformation [54

Pyrite nanoparticles as a Fenton-like reagent for in situ remediation of organic pollutants

• Carolina Gil-Lozano,
• Elisabeth Losa-Adams,
• Alfonso F.-Dávila and
• Luis Gago-Duport

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 855–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.97

• . Preparation of pyrite microparticles Natural pyrite cubes (Logroño, Spain) were milled using a diamond disk and sieved (63 μm) to obtain pyrite powder. The resulting particles presented an average diameter of 1.4 μm (laser diffraction particle size analyzer, LS13320) and a specific surface area (BET) of 1.46