Influence of stabilising agents and pH on the size of SnO₂ nanoparticles

• Olga Rac,
• Patrycja Suchorska-Woźniak,
• Marta Fiedot and
• Helena Teterycz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2192–2201, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.228

• polyelectrolyte that is protonated in acidic solutions, whereas at pH > 8, it exists in the free alkaline form [23]. PEI is often used as a colloidal metal nanoparticle and metal oxide stabiliser. Studies show that many metal nanoparticles (such as silver, gold, zinc oxide or tin dioxide) synthesised in solutions

• composition, and a non-ionic surfactant. The influence of the individual reactants as well as the solution acidity on the dimensions of the resulting nanoparticles was analysed. The understanding of the interaction between these components of the solution is critical both for the synthesis of metal

• nanoparticles as well as metal oxides with semiconducting properties, including tin dioxide. Results and Discussion Analysis of received SnO2 nanoparticles (basic solution) The aqueous solution in which the precipitation reaction for tin dioxide was carried out contained a tin(IV) chloride precursor

A study on the consequence of swift heavy ion irradiation of Zn–silica nanocomposite thin films: electronic sputtering

• Compesh Pannu,
• Udai B. Singh,
• Dinesh. C. Agarwal,
• Saif A. Khan,
• Sunil Ojha,
• Ramesh Chandra,
• Hiro Amekura,
• Debdulal Kabiraj and
• Devesh. K. Avasthi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1691–1698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.179

• ; pressure spike; Rutherford backscattering spectrometry; transmission electron microscopy; Introduction Metal nanoparticles are currently receiving broad scientific and technological interest due to their unusual physical properties which are different from the bulk materials. Properties such as surface

• plasmon resonance [1], fast optical response [2], and superparamagnetism [3], strongly depend on shape, size, size distribution and the surrounding environment of the metal nanoparticles [4]. Thus, the properties of nanocomposites can be controlled by the variation of these parameters. Swift heavy ion

• (SHI) irradiation is an effective tool to engineer the properties of the nanocomposite thin films. SHI produces electronic excitations in a narrow cylindrical volume around its path, leading to a change in size and shape of metal nanoparticles embedded in a matrix [5][6][7][8]. The group at IUAC [5

The influence of molecular mobility on the properties of networks of gold nanoparticles and organic ligands

• Edwin J. Devid,
• Paulo N. Martinho,
• M. Venkata Kamalakar,
• Úna Prendergast,
• Christian Kübel,
• Tibebe Lemma,
• Jean-François Dayen,
• Tia. E. Keyes,
• Bernard Doudin,
• Mario Ruben and
• Sense Jan van der Molen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1664–1674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.177

• volume. UV–vis spectroscopy Ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy is performed to gain insight into the optical properties of these molecule–gold nanoparticle arrays, and specifically to investigate the influence of the S-BPP molecules on the effective dielectric constant. Metal nanoparticles exhibit

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

• Anastasios Stergiou,
• Georgia Pagona and
• Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

• as a mixture of metallic and semiconducting components, and also sometimes retain significant amounts of metal nanoparticles as impurities, the advantageous character of graphene in the construction of donor–acceptor systems is easily understood. Although the field is in its infancy, a few hybrid

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• a defined surface area, inhibiting further growth and coalescence (Figure 5B) [81]. Next to gold nanoparticles, size control of less noble metal nanoparticles like silver or AuAg alloys may also be relevant for toxicological assays, as particle size, which goes along with changes in curvature and

Protein-coated pH-responsive gold nanoparticles: Microwave-assisted synthesis and surface charge-dependent anticancer activity

• Dickson Joseph,
• Nisha Tyagi,
• Christian Geckeler and
• Kurt E.Geckeler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1452–1462, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.158

• lower costs and minimal side effects [24]. Because of their biocompatibility, noble metal nanoparticles, particularly AuNPs, are more preferable in various biomedical applications, including highly sensitive diagnostic assays [25], thermal ablation, radiotherapy enhancement [26][27][28], as well as for

Microstructural and plasmonic modifications in Ag–TiO₂ and Au–TiO₂ nanocomposites through ion beam irradiation

• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra,
• Venkata Girish Kotnur,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi,
• Thomas Strunskus,
• Vladimir Zaporotchenko,
• Dietmar Fink,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Franz Faupel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.154

• ion beam induced growth of nanoparticles and structural modifications in the titania matrix. Keywords: noble metal–titania nanocomposite; surface plasmon resonance; swift heavy ions; Introduction Metal nanoparticles embedded in dielectric matrices in the form of nanocomposites have gained

• utilized to fabricate different multifunctional nanocomposites for different applications [7][8][9]. Generally, the main motivation behind the use of an insulating matrix is to maintain the necessary separation between metal nanoparticles (resulting from differences in surface energy of the individual

• semiconducting matrices, such as SnO2 [10], ZnO [11] and CdS [12] for the embedding of noble metal nanoparticles has shown great potential. Thin films and nanostructures of TiO2 are probably one of the most investigated systems for different applications, such as memristors, dye-sensitized solar cells

Synthesis, characterization, and growth simulations of Cu–Pt bimetallic nanoclusters

• Subarna Khanal,
• Ana Spitale,
• Nabraj Bhattarai,
• Daniel Bahena,
• J. Jesus Velazquez-Salazar,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Marcelo M. Mariscal and
• Miguel José-Yacaman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1371–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.150

• Institutes of Health The authors would like to acknowledge to the NSF for support with grants DMR-1103730, “Alloys at the Nanoscale: The Case of Nanoparticles Second Phase and PREM: NSF PREM Grant # DMR 0934218; “Oxide and Metal Nanoparticles- The Interface Between Life Sciences and Physical Sciences”. In

Review of nanostructured devices for thermoelectric applications

• Giovanni Pennelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1268–1284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.141

• the initial film thickness and RTA time and temperature [131]. Metal nanoparticles on silicon, suitable for MaCE production of SiNWs, can be also obtained by sinking silicon in an aqueous solution of HF and metal salts, such as AgNO3 [132][133][134][135], for a very short time (galvanic displacement

Effects of palladium on the optical and hydrogen sensing characteristics of Pd-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Anh-Thu Thi Do,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thu Thi Do,
• Ngan Quang Pham and
• Giang Truong Ho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1261–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.140

• controls the gas sensing characteristics, have been reported in ZnO films [23]. The sensitivity and selectivity characteristics of the gas sensor are associated with the deep hole-trap states and vacancies on the ZnO surface by the electron transfer mechanism [23][24]. The Pd metal nanoparticles modify the

Purification of ethanol for highly sensitive self-assembly experiments

• Kathrin Barbe,
• Martin Kind,
• Christian Pfeiffer and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1254–1260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.139

• noble metal nanoparticles onto porous substrates, the most popular being the adsorption and decomposition of a precursor material, such as a salt of the respective noble metal. This technique is widely used to produce catalysts in industry [37]. We decided to use the most common gold compound

Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by combining water soluble graphene with cobalt salts

• Jing Wang,
• Ke Feng,
• Hui-Hui Zhang,
• Bin Chen,
• Zhi-Jun Li,
• Qing-Yuan Meng,
• Li-Ping Zhang,
• Chen-Ho Tung and
• Li-Zhu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1167–1174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.128

• -SO3 avoids the aggregation of the catalyst to some extent. These results are consistent with the better performance and the higher hydrogen evolution from the system with G-SO3. As mentioned above, the TEM results showed that cobalt metal nanoparticles may form during the process in both cases. XPS

• , corresponding to the Co 2p orbital (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3). The cobalt lines in the spectra, however, were assigned to cobalt(II) [65], not to cobalt(0). This is different from the TEM results and in contrast to the grown cobalt metal nanoparticles on graphene [66]. ICP-MS measurements were

Nanodiamond-DGEA peptide conjugates for enhanced delivery of doxorubicin to prostate cancer

• Amanee D Salaam,
• Patrick Hwang,
• Roberus McIntosh,
• Hadiyah N Green,
• Ho-Wook Jun and
• Derrick Dean

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 937–945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.107

• tumor types [6][7][8][9]. Currently, there are several clinically approved nanoparticle-based cancer drugs using liposomes, nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab) technology, dendrimers, polymeric, carbon, and metal nanoparticles [6][8]. Gold nanorods, iron magnetic nanoparticles, polymer nanospheres, lipids

Gas sensing with gold-decorated vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Prasantha R. Mudimela,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Oriol González-León,
• Nicolas Reckinger,
• Rony Snyders,
• Eduard Llobet,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 910–918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.104

• , regardless of the nanotube length. Keywords: alignment; carbon nanotubes; decoration; gas sensors; metal nanoparticles; thermal CVD; Introduction The interest in gas sensing for reaching a widespread, continuous pollution detection and control has been growing steadily in the last decades due to the

• )-functionalized multi-walled nanotubes randomly arranged was significantly improved for NO2 gas detection [15]. Later, VA-CNTs produced by PECVD were functionalized with nominally 5 nm-thick metal nanoparticles by magnetron sputtering, providing a higher sensitivity to NO2 [16]. Based on these reported results

Resonance of graphene nanoribbons doped with nitrogen and boron: a molecular dynamics study

• Ye Wei,
• Haifei Zhan,
• Kang Xia,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Shengbo Sang and
• Yuantong Gu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 717–725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.84

• synthesised through chemical functionalization with hydroxy and methyl groups or hydrogen [10], the decoration with quantum dots [11], noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) [12], or complex biomolecular structures [13][14]. A number of works have been conducted to investigate the properties of graphene derivatives

Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis

• Hongjun Chen and
• Lianzhou Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 696–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.82

• photosensitization of semiconductors for potential applications in solar cells and photocatalysis. Another interesting phenomenon related to plasmonic metal nanoparticles is that the metal themselve may also be used as a photocatalyst for photo-oxidation or even water splitting. Carbon nanostructure as the

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag–ZnO hybrid plasmonic nanostructures prepared by a facile wet chemical method

• Sini Kuriakose,
• Vandana Choudhary,
• Biswarup Satpati and
• Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 639–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.75

• made to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO by decreasing the rate of recombination of electrons and holes by surface modification with noble metal nanoparticles [19][20][21][22][23][24]. Surface modification of ZnO nanostructures with noble metal nanoparticles improves the photocatalytic

• of their recombination rate [19]. Secondly, noble metal nanoparticles on ZnO exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption of light which can have significant impact on semiconductor photocatalysis. The LSPR wavelength of noble metal nanoparticles can be tuned from near UV to the

• visible region by controlling their size, shape, inter-particle spacing and surrounding medium [25]. In case of ZnO modified with noble metal nanoparticles, LSPR absorption can lead to enhanced utilization of UV–visible light as compared to pure ZnO [26][27][28]. Silver nanoparticles decorated ZnO

High activity of Ag-doped Cd_0.1Zn_0.9S photocatalyst prepared by the hydrothermal method for hydrogen production under visible-light irradiation

• Leny Yuliati,
• Melody Kimi and
• Mustaffa Shamsuddin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 587–595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.69

• that the added Ag was not completely doped in the Cd0.1Zn0.9S. The addition of Ag also caused a new absorption appearing at about 295 nm for Ag(0.01)-doped Cd0.1Zn0.9S and Ag(0.03)-doped Cd0.1Zn0.9S (Figure 5b,c), corresponding to the presence of Ag metal nanoparticles [25] that can be formed

One pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a cyclodextrin containing polymer as reductant and stabilizer

• Arkadius Maciollek and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 380–385, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.44

• range of applications including optics, catalysis and biomedical science [1][2][3][4]. Many strategies have been established in the formation of metal nanoparticles, for example chemical or electrochemical reduction, irradiation or thermal decomposoion [5][6][7][8]. Most of these methods require

• ][13]. In the synthesis of metal nanoparticles the use of polymers as external steric or electrosteric stabilizer is an established method to control the particle growth, limit oxidation and stabilize the nanoparticle dispersion [5][14][15][16]. However, there are only a few examples for polymers

• result of surface plasmon resonance of noble metal nanoparticles [22]. UV–vis absorption spectroscopy is an established method to characterize the formation of silver nanoparticles and their shape [23]. Figure 2 shows the UV–vis absorption spectra of the metallopolymer solution 2a. The spectra exhibit

En route to controlled catalytic CVD synthesis of densely packed and vertically aligned nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube arrays

• Slawomir Boncel,
• Sebastian W. Pattinson,
• Valérie Geiser,
• Milo S. P. Shaffer and
• Krzysztof K. K. Koziol

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 219–233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.24

• reported. The field emission characteristics of N-CNTs have also been demonstrated to be superior to that of pristine CNTs [12]. Moreover, N-CNTs emerged as material of an improved capability to anchor metal nanoparticles through nitrogen coupling [13][14] and to form catalytically active centres, e.g

• have iron particles encapsulated inside the core, the channels of the N-CNTs were free from metal nanoparticles suggesting that, for instance, a partial removal of the catalyst residues could occur while removing N-CNTs from the quartz surface. Representative TEM images of N-CNTs from Synthesis VIII

Synthesis of embedded Au nanostructures by ion irradiation: influence of ion induced viscous flow and sputtering

• Udai B. Singh,
• D. C. Agarwal,
• S. A. Khan,
• S. Mohapatra,
• H. Amekura,
• D. P. Datta,
• Ajay Kumar,
• R. K. Choudhury,
• T. K. Chan,
• Thomas Osipowicz and
• D. K. Avasthi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 105–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.10

• Au nanoparticles into the glass substrate. Keywords: embedded nanoparticles; ion beam irradiation; recoil implantation; Introduction Noble-metal nanoparticles (NPs) are of great interest due to their large surface-to-volume ratio and their enhanced absorption of visible light. The shape- and size

Dye-doped spheres with plasmonic semi-shells: Lasing modes and scattering at realistic gain levels

• Nikita Arnold,
• Boyang Ding,
• Calin Hrelescu and
• Thomas A. Klar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 974–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.110

• ; spaser; Introduction Noble metal nanoparticles are of current interest both in fundamental and applied science because of their localized plasmonic resonances (LPR) in the visible and near infrared range of the optical spectrum. The simplest nanoparticle geometry is spherical, but the spectral position

Influence of particle size and fluorination ratio of CF_x precursor compounds on the electrochemical performance of C–FeF₂ nanocomposites for reversible lithium storage

• Ben Breitung,
• M. Anji Reddy,
• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Michael Engel,
• Christian Kübel,
• Annie K. Powell,
• Horst Hahn and
• Maximilian Fichtner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 705–713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.80

• metal nanoparticles encapsulated in layers of graphitic carbon were formed. The agglomerates are interlinked by multiwall carbon nanotubes which are formed in situ [34][35][36]. Although these systems enhanced the cycling stability of the conversion reaction greatly because of the tight embedding of

Guided immobilisation of single gold nanoparticles by chemical electron beam lithography

• Patrick A. Schaal and
• Ulrich Simon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 336–344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.39

• Patrick A. Schaal Ulrich Simon Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and JARA – Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.4.39 Abstract The fabrication of periodic arrays of single metal nanoparticles is of great current

• order to overcome this threshold and to facilitate the processing, alternative approaches have been developed, which utilise the self-assembly capabilities of chemically tailored metal nanoparticles. Amongst others, Enderle et al. demonstrated very recently the formation of gold nanodots by self

High-resolution electrical and chemical characterization of nm-scale organic and inorganic devices

• Pierre Eyben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 318–319, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.35

• convertors based on metal nanoparticles with a dye to shift the wavelengths. Improving the lifetime of organic solar cells requires incorporating optically transparent inorganic barriers in between the polymer films to prevent moisture penetration. Unfortunately, these organic systems represent an even more