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Search for "reduction" in Full Text gives 1246 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73
- the concentrations evaluated (Figure 4A). In contrast, the SPIONs were very active against intracellular amastigotes (Figure 4B). Furthermore, analysis of the growth curve shows a statistically significant reduction in the percentage of infection for all tested concentrations of SPIONs (1, 5, 10, 25
- , and 50 µg/mL) and treatment times (24, 48, and 72 h) when compared with the control of infected macrophages. After the first 24 h of treatment, it was possible to observe a reduction in the percentage of infection of about 50% for a concentration of 1 µg/mL and of about 90% for 50 µg/mL of SPIONs. The
- antiproliferative effects of SPIONs in L. amazonensis promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Despite being internalized by promastigotes, SPIONs did not affect the cell proliferation of the parasites (Figure 4A). A completely different result was observed for intracellular amastigotes, where the reduction in
Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69
- repellency, but also on the capability of some surfaces to keep stable air layers under water – the so-called Salvinia Effect. Such air layers are of great importance for drag reduction (passive air lubrication), antifouling, sensor applications, or oil–water separation. Up to now, based on the
A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67
- structure of ZnO and ultimately leading to a reduction in the intensity of the ZnO reflections in the XRD pattern [22]. Experimental results suggest that adding ZnO and trace amounts of GR filler can increase the β-phase content of the composite piezoelectric film [23][24][25]. A higher β-phase content is
Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66
- . cruzi compared to free BNZ. No formulation-related cytotoxic effects were observed on either Vero or CHO cells. Moreover, BNZ showed a 50% reduction in CHO cell viability at 125 µg/mL, whereas NLC-BNZ and non-loaded NLC did not exert a significant effect on cell viability at the same concentration
- chronically infected individuals [1][4]. Currently, two drugs have been approved for the treatment of Chagas disease: benznidazole (BNZ) and nifurtimox. The first-line treatment, BNZ, is a nitroimidazole that generates radical intermediates via the reduction of its nitro group, which covalently bind to
- effects were not considered. The NLC samples were placed under vacuum between Kapton® tapes. The measurements were done in transmission mode. The SAXS/WAXS patterns were taken for 10 min each. Cell toxicity assay on CHO cells The viability of CHO cells was analyzed by the reduction of the tetrazolium salt
Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65
- , respectively, as described in detail in Supporting Information File 1. The use of high concentrations of AgNO3 resulted in the formation of numerous Ag nuclei due to a rapid reduction process. The collision frequency of these nuclei increases significantly with higher concentrations of silver nitrate
Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64
- an in situ reduction process that requires no additional chemicals [16][17]. This technique using polysaccharides such as alginate [18] or chitosan [19] in conjunction with reducing agents enhanced cost efficiency and reduced the amounts of impurities or toxic compounds. AgNPs are widely used as
- nanocomposites using saccharides, such as alginate, cyclodextrin, and lactose. This method allows for the loading of metallic ions onto the nanocomposite, followed by their reduction to nanoparticles [36][37]. The nanocomposite matrix can release silver in appropriate environments, exhibiting pH-dependent
- antibacterial activity. Results and Discussion Synthesis of AgNPs@Lac/Alg Our recent work has demonstrated the successful synthesis of AgNPs using a two-step process involving loading and reduction, resulting in nanocomposites composed of alginate and cyclodextrins [36][38]. In the first step, silver ions were
Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63
- yellow upon addition of H2O2, due to oxidation of Ce3+ to Ce4+. The solution then transitions back to colorless after approximately 15 days, due to reduction of Ce4+ to Ce3+ [47][48]. A similar color change, from colorless to dark orange, was observed upon addition of H2O2 produced enzymatically from
- carboxylic acid dispersions Color change In the presence of light, the majority of the nanoceria dispersions changed color from light yellow to colorless (attributed to Ce4+ reduction to Ce3+) [47]. Nanoceria stored in the dark did not change color and remained light yellow. Dynamic light scattering (DLS
- following identifies the members of the five groups and describes their effect on nanoceria dissolution/stability. Group one includes nanoceria exposed to citric, malic, and isocitric acid. For all three samples stored in the dark, there was an immediate reduction in hydrodynamic particle size, followed by
In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62
- report an in situ magnesiothermic reduction to synthesize a composite of Ge@C as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The obtained electrode delivered a specific capacity of 454.2 mAh·g−1 after 200 cycles at a specific current of 1000 mA·g−1. The stable electrochemical performance and good rate
- contact formation during in situ synthesis. Keywords: Ge anode; in situ synthesis; lithium-ion batteries; magnesiothermic reduction; Introduction The significantly increasing energy consumption leads to the exhaustion of fossil fuel sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Additionally, there are
- preparation routes, such as sputtering deposition [20], wet-chemical reduction [21][22], thermal reduction [23], colloidal synthesis [24], and molten-salt synthesis [25], metallothermic, especially magnesiothermic reduction, has been widely applied in the synthesis of group-IV elements to control the
Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59
- charge regions and, thus, the presence of several junctions along the stack. Furthermore, a contrast enhancement in the surface potential image was observed when KPFM was performed under illumination, which is analysed in terms of the reduction of surface band bending induced by surface defects by
- . This results in a reduction of surface band bending and a decrease of surface potential, that is, a negative SPV. Conversely, in the case of upward surface band bending in an n-type semiconductor, photogenerated electrons are repelled from the surface, while photogenerated holes flow towards the
Nanomaterials for photocatalysis and applications in environmental remediation and renewable energy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 722–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.58
- persistent organic pollutants (POPs) also contributes to water pollution, increasing global environmental pollution. Recently, the reduction and conversion of CO2 into fuel as valuable hydrocarbon products has been drawing attention from scientists in materials science, chemical engineering, nanotechnology
- appropriate for treating pollutants, even in atmospheric conditions [9][10][11]. Moreover, the photocatalysis method is also a potential solution for environmental remediation, carbon emission reduction, and renewable energy production [12][13][14]. Combining photocatalysts and sunlight irradiation is a
A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56
- , the sensor’s oxidation–reduction behavior was investigated. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was conducted to study the electrochemical properties of the modified the GQDs/GCE working electrode, which showed excellent charge transfer properties. We measured malathion in varying concentrations
- /reduction behavior and charge transfer resistance, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were performed. An investigation of the relationship between concentrations and peak currents was conducted using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). In this study, the modified GQD electrodes
- on a SP Biologic 150 electrochemical workstation at room temperature. A solution of 0.1 M KCl containing 0.05 M K3[Fe(CN)6] was used as an electrolyte to analyze the oxidation–reduction behavior of the working electrode through cyclic voltammetry. For detection and quantification of pesticides
The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO3 to α-MoO3 investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55
- from +2 to +6 [1][2], leading to a range of molybdenum oxides. Molybdenum oxides include the fully stoichiometric MoO3 with a large bandgap above 2.7 eV, the reduced oxides MoO3−x with oxygen vacancies, and the semimetal MoO2. The degree of reduction influences the bandgap energy of molybdenum oxides
Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52
- electrode in the form of an electrical signal. The potential of the working electrode is a function of the analyte concentration in the solution. Amperometric sensors use a potential applied between a working and a reference electrode to produce the reduction or oxidation of an electroactive species and
- improved electrochemical performance [63][67]. In a recent study, Tang et al. [29] used an ultrasonication and reduction process to combine nanostructured Ag nanoparticles with a MOF (ZIF-67) to fabricate nanopinna-based composite electrochemical sensors for acetaminophen detection. The results showed a
Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51
- ]: where d is the thickness of the measured sample. The bandgap values for bulk anatase and rutile are 3.2 and 2.95 eV, respectively [33][57][60][61]. All calculated bandgap values are listed in Table 3. Our values are slightly higher due to the blueshift with reduction of the size of the powder particles
Thermal transport in kinked nanowires through simulation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 586–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.49
- of system design on nanoscale transport is particularly intriguing and has lead to the investigation of unique structures [10][11] in an attempt to better understand and develop manufactured devices. The introduction of additional surfaces and the reduction of direct paths through a system can force
- carbide nanowires [24], the thermal resistance of a kink can be 30 times larger than that of the straight portion of a wire. Anufriev et al. [22] investigated serpentine wires over a temperature range from 4–300 K and likewise found significant reduction in thermal transport, though this becomes less
- effect of disruption of ballistic paths in varying degrees on thermal transport. By varying the kinks, it is possible to better understand the nuances of blocking [23] or partially blocking phonon transport. Intuitively, we should expect a reduction in thermal transport with increased angle, as a steeper
SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46
- the pillars increases, which translates into a reduction in the distance between them. The pillars are also becoming shorter because of the increasing metal layer thickness in the surrounding area. Two sets of GaN/Ag SERS substrates were fabricated using the PLD method (Table 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4
- thickness of pillars increases, which translates into a reduction of the distance among them. They are also becoming shorter due to the increasing metal layer thickness in the surrounding area. The spiky structures surrounding the pillars are also becoming shorter and less pronounced. However, in contrast
On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42
- analysed. It is clear that the sequence of analysis (analysing an averaged spectrum vs averaging values from individual spectra) can have an effect on the results obtained for these methods. In the case of the R2-based metric, this difference is likely to be a result of the reduction in noise level
Mixed oxides with corundum-type structure obtained from recycling can seals as paint pigments: color stability
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 467–477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.37
- a reduction to 5% in greenhouse gas emissions compared to the direct synthesis, reducing the environmental impact. Besides, one ton of recycled aluminium saves up to eight metric tons of bauxite [3][4]. The amount of recycled aluminium packaging depends on individual national recycling policies
Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34
- reduction process of the already deposited GO. Afterwards, the current density increased due to the film formation, and then it gradually stabilized over time. A different chronoamperometric trend can be observed in the case of the electrodeposition of GO on the surface of nickel foam (Figure 1a inset). In
- reduction of the GO. A reduced form of GO combined with NiFe was also obtained by others after one-step electrodeposition by cyclic voltammetry [12]. Electrochemical studies of the catalysts towards the OER The electrochemical performance of the catalysts towards the OER was studied in an aqueous solution
- of the test was observed for each of the studied catalysts. This was due to the reduction of the catalysts’ active surface area through the physical absorption of the generated oxygen bubbles on the electrode surface, which was also observed by others [40]. The recorded potential deviated in a range
Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33
- inevitable reduction in the dependency on fossil fuels, global energy demand looks to solar power to be a significant provider for its needs, with various solar power conversion technologies in place and rapidly progressing [1]. Electromagnetic radiation, when interacting with a material can transfer energy
- cause little damage to adjacent healthy tissues due to extremely localized heating [3]. Generally, the reduction of material dimensions to the nanoscale, such as in graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and polymers, leads to an enhancement of the PT effect due to factors such as improved thermal
- exciton radius. In such cases, the confined electron wave functions have discrete energies and undergo considerably higher scattering with the surface because of the “shrunken” wave functions, contributing significantly to the reduction in absorption due to significantly increased linewidth broadening [68
New trends in nanobiotechnology
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 377–379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.32
- -assembly; wet chemical reduction; The widespread use of nanotechnology has reached almost every sector in our daily lives and amazed the world by offering various potential applications in these sectors. The uprising wave of nanotechnology and its application are now prominent in the fields of chemistry
- reduction methods which use surfactants, and explores the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of the synthesized anisotropic nanoparticles. A portion of the work looks into the possible integration of nanotechnology in deep eutectic solvent extractions and also the use of carrageenan as a safe stabilizing
Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31
- redshift of the SPR peak implies an increase in the size of Ag NPs. In addition, the broadening of the spectrum can be explained by the increasing size and shape distribution arising from excess co-capping agents, which are present in the reaction medium during the reduction of Ag ions. The broadening in
- NPs using XTT assay. As known, XTT and MTT, tetrazolium salts, are used to evaluate cell viability by a colorimetric method based on their reduction to colored formazan compounds by living cells. Actively respiring cells convert water-soluble XTT to a water-soluble, orange-colored formazan product
Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26
- donor or acceptor on the surface of the photocatalyst may continue to interact. Nothing happens in the first scenario. In the second scenario, an electron or hole interacts with dissolved oxygen or water to produce ROS (e.g., •OH, O2•−). These ROS play a significant role in the photo-oxidation/reduction
- -contaminated water might result in several allergic and respiratory conditions [62][63][64][65]. Additionally, an overabundance of antibiotics in the environment causes structural changes in the ecosystem, disruptions in ecological function, and impacts the processes of sulfate reduction, methanogenesis, and
- sulfadimethoxine considerably slow down plant growth. Additionally, tetracyclines have phytotoxic effects that may result in chromosomal abnormalities and the reduction of plant growth. Although β-lactams are thought to be less harmful, they also have an impact on the plastid division in lower plants [48][67]. The
Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24
- expected therapeutic benefits. The biomimetic cancer cell membrane technology shows good prospects for individualized treatment. This facilitates the reduction of drug doses and efficient diagnosis and treatment. Although NPs based on cancer cell membranes have been found to be a promising biomimetic
Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23
- for silencing the expression of resistance-related genes was evidenced by a significant reduction in cell growth and increased rate of apoptosis compared to the cells treated with siRNA only. Furthermore, considering that these cell lines are EGFR-positive TKI-resistant NSCLC cells, a synergistic
- relationships of the LNPs are discovered by building and evaluating different LNP libraries [153]. Studies should also intensify in the area of nanoscale biointerface interactions and their influence on specific targeting and internalization, improved tolerability, and the reduction of immunogenicity and off
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