The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• procedure, 6.2 g of ammonium heptamolybdate was dissolved in 100 mL of deionized water and stirred for 30 min at room temperature. Nitric acid was then added to the solution to reduce the pH to 1. After stirring for another 15 min, the solution was transferred into a 200 mL Teflon-lined autoclave and heated

• in situ X-ray diffraction experiments. The other was well mixed and ground and divided into eight parts that were calcined for 30 min at various temperatures (300–440 °C), and naturally cooled down to room temperature. Structure characterization In situ X-ray diffraction To investigate in situ the

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• % purity) by thermal oxidation [9]. The substrates were heated in air from room temperature to 500 °C for 30 min and maintained at the constant temperature for 210 min inside a GSL-1100X (MTI Corporation) quartz tube furnace. Then the heater was switched off, and the oxidized substrates cooled down

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• luminescence quantum yield at room temperature conditions [87][88]. Although nearly all lanthanide elements display photoluminescent capabilities, only two lanthanoid ions, Eu3+ and Tb3+, have intense visible luminescence in red and green, respectively. These two ions are the ones that are most frequently used

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• lamp at λexc = 260 nm. All samples have been irradiated at room temperature and under the same conditions. Diffuse reflectance UV–vis measurements were performed by using a spectrophotometer Perkin Elmer Lambda 35 with an integrating sphere in the 200–1100 nm range. The measured reflectance data were

• , and P25 samples: (a) survey spectra; (b–d) high-resolution XPS spectra of (b) C 1s, (c) Ti 2p, and (d) O 1s core lines. Absorbance of the TiO2 samples at room temperature. Example of the calculated (a) indirect and (b) direct transitions from sample series “b”. Photoluminescence of the TiO2 powders

• under λexc = 260 nm at room temperature: (a) samples of series “a” and (b) samples of series “b”. Generation of hydroxyl radicals under simulated solar irradiation over the investigated catalysts as a function of the time. The emission at 451 nm is characteristic to the presence of umbelliferone: (a

Thermal transport in kinked nanowires through simulation

• Alexander N. Robillard,
• Graham W. Gibson and
• Ralf Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 586–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.49

• kink effects below room temperature. Methodology Molecular dynamics For this work, a Lennard-Jones potential [43][44][45][46] was used to simulate a solid with a face-centred cubic lattice in the well-known LAMMPS simulation framework [47]. The Lennard-Jones parameters σ and ε, effectively the length

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

• Magdalena A. Zając,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Łukasz Gutowski,
• Jan L. Weyher and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

• ). Samples PLD_1_RT to PLD_4_RT were fabricated at room temperature using four different numbers of laser pulses, that is, 22000, 44000, 66000, and 88000. The Ag layer thicknesses estimated for this number of laser pulses are 215 ± 7, 429 ± 14, 644 ± 22, and 859 ± 29 nm, respectively. With this set of

• , we assumed the same Ag layer thickness of 215 ± 7 nm for all samples, equivalent to the thickness of the Ag layer deposited on a flat Si substrate at room temperature. The given thickness corresponds to the amount of deposited Ag determined by the number of laser pulses and does not reflect changes

• -fabricated Ag layers of different thicknesses at room temperature are shown in Figure 3. The morphology of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by PLD differs from that of substrates with comparable Ag layer thicknesses fabricated by the MS method. This is especially well pronounced on the surface surrounding the

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• , fresh yeast). All employed materials and equipment have been sterilized by heating to 120 °C for 25 min and subsequent cool down to room temperature within the autoclave chamber. All culture handling operations have been performed within a sterile laminar flow hood, which before and after its usage had

• nanoparticles to reach the desired weight percentage (5.0% to 7.0%). Eventually, the concentrated cell biomass (33% to 40% v/v) was then added and the mixture was placed in a 7 cm diameter Petri dish, where it gelled at room temperature after the addition of 0.2 M KOH to achieve pH 7–8. Table 1 gathers the

A mid-infrared focusing grating coupler with a single circular arc element based on germanium on silicon

• Xiaojun Zhu,
• Shuai Li,
• Ang Sun,
• Yongquan Pan,
• Wen Liu,
• Yue Wu,
• Guoan Zhang and
• Yuechun Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 478–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.38

• sensors is of great significance. In 2015, Bai et al. reported a flexible healable transparent chemical gas sensing device that exhibited robust flexibility, good transparency, and reliable water-enabled healability of the gas sensing performance at room temperature [15]. Wang proposed a flexible

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• room temperature to produce APDA. During the polymerization, DHI or IQ moieties were formed by rearrangement of dopamine. The formed DHI and IQ moieties then reacted with each other or the amine groups of arginine. This was followed by further polymerization of DHI, IQ, arginine, and their oligomers

• coating method to obtain light-trapping coatings of nanofibers by the copolymerization of dopamine and pyrrole, which can be directly and rapidly synthesized on a polystyrene (PS) foam at room temperature (Figure 9). Due to its excellent wettability, the coating is water permeable and can be directly

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• nanoarchitectonics, Kubo and co-workers have developed room-temperature phosphorescence-active thiophene boronate ester-crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol films [93]. The films are capable of multicolor afterglow emission by changing the amount of sulforhodamine B. Molecular design and nanoarchitectonics can sometimes

• yield unusual physical properties. A recent review by Tsuji reports the realization of cryogenic properties at room temperature by chemical immobilization of molecular structures [94]. Functions such as optoelectronic properties and bioactivity of materials strongly depend on molecular structures

• synthesize 8-carbon armchair graphene nanoribbons and nanographene C66 with periodic vacancies on the surface (Figure 8) [124]. Detailed processes of the surface synthesis of 5,8-dibromobenzene molecules kept at room temperature after deposition on Au(111) were disclosed through STM observations

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• ]. The spectra were obtained using the total electron yield (TEY) detection mode, which can sample down to a depth of a few nanometers at room temperature. The beamline optics was optimized to perform the experiment with an energy resolution of 200 meV and better. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements

• obtained on an ultrahigh vacuum spectrophotometer at a pressure below 1.1 × 10−8 mbar at room temperature (Omicron NanoTechnology). Photoelectrons were detected by a spectrophotometer equipped with a 128-channel collector. The X-ray anode was operated at 15 keV and 300 W. The chemical composition

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• as described in [59][60] with slight modifications. A solution of 0.1% chitosan (w/v) was prepared in 1% acetic acid solution under stirring at room temperature for about 24 h. Then, the chitosan solution was placed in an ice bath. To this solution, 1 mL of 50 mM AgNO3 aqueous solution was added to

• for aging at room temperature before the purification step. The Ch-Ag NPs were cleaned with 1% acetic acid solution to remove unreacted chitosan by ultracentrifuging (Hitachi, Himac CP100 wx) at 40,000 rpm for 30 min. The collected Ch-Ag NPs were dispersed in distilled water and filtered through a

• . Small volumes of Ch/Q- and Ch/CA-Ag NPs were placed on carbon-coated copper grids and allowed to evaporate at room temperature. For negative staining, a drop of freshly prepared 2% uranyl acetate solution was dripped on the copper grid, and excess liquid is removed by a piece of paper after 2 min. Zeta

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• flocculation of the nanoparticles with an analyte detection limit of 10 μg/mL. Calderó et al. [40] prepared PIC nanoemulsions at room temperature using poly(oxyethylene)(4) sorbitan monolaurate as surfactant. The hydrophobic phase dispersed in the droplets was constituted by 10% ethyl cellulose dissolved in

• evaporation. Nanoemulsions were also formulated at room temperature from poly(oxyethylene)(10) oleyl ether [43] containing ethyl cellulose (4%) dissolved in ethyl acetate. Nanoemulsions were obtained after phase inversion (as confirmed by electrical conductivity measurements) at O/S ratios between 70/30 and

• encapsulated in these ethyl cellulose nanoparticles by dissolving it in the hydrophobic droplet phase of the starting nanoemulsions. The drug release from the nanoparticles appeared to follow a coupled diffusion/relaxation model. Nanoemulsions containing ethyl cellulose have also been prepared at room

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• -toxic nature. BiFeO3, one of those Bi-based photocatalysts, has been the subject of intensive research in recent years because it is the only naturally occurring magnetoelectric material with ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties at room temperature [39][75][87][88][89]. Bismuth ferrite has a

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• Fischer Scientific Inc, Waltham, MA, USA) and by monitoring the hydrolysis of TEOS via gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) (TSQ Duo Triple Quadrupole, Thermo Fischer Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). OD measurements were done at room temperature and constant mixing at 300 rpm. GC

• , Malvern, UK). As-synthesized particles were diluted to 1:10 in the reaction solvent (1:1 ethanol/deionized water) and dispersed by sonication for 10 min. Readings were taken at room temperature. Malvern DTS software v.5.10 (Malvern Panalytical Ltd, Malvern, UK) was used for data processing and analysis

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• carbon substrate and the chemical synthesis of PtNPs during catalyst fabrication. Platinum was deposited on carbon particles at room temperature using a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) system equipped with an ArF excimer laser (λ = 193 nm). The uniform deposition of PtNPs on carbon supports was achieved

• /cm2. All depositions were performed with the exact laser repetition rate of 5 Hz and at room temperature. Other parameters of the deposition process, different for consecutive samples, are presented in Table 1. An electromechanical system for continuous carbon support mixing during deposition was

• (CVs) were recorded with a SI1287 potentiostat–galvanostat (Solartron Instruments, United Kingdom). All electrochemical experiments were conducted at room temperature (ca. 25 °C). (a) Raman spectra of carbon supports, commercial Vulcan XC-72R, and synthesized C-11, (b) SEM images of the synthesized

High–low Kelvin probe force spectroscopy for measuring the interface state density

• Ryo Izumi,
• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yan Jun Li and
• Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 175–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.18

• density. For an n-type Si semiconductor at room temperature, the hole (minority carrier) lifetime τp as a function of electron (majority carrier) density n has been experimentally investigated and is reported to be less than 2.5 × 10−5 s for low carrier densities n < 5 × 1017 cm−3 [26]. Additionally, for

Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiO_x branches

• Feitao Li,
• Siyao Wan,
• Dong Wang and
• Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.14

• interdiffusion of Au, Ni, and Si. Au/Si phase separation occurs during cooling [3][55], and Ni silicide may remain stable down to room temperature [41][42][43][44][45][46], finally forming particles with two contrasts. Besides, Ni may also diffuse into the Si substrate, leading to the formation of the Ni

• out in a rapid thermal processing (RTP, Jipelec Jetstar 100) furnace. First, the chamber was evacuated and purged with Ar three times at room temperature, then a flow of forming gas of Ar + H2 (volume ratio 30:1) was kept till the end of the experiment. The temperature was ramped up to 300 °C in 20 s

Intermodal coupling spectroscopy of mechanical modes in microcantilevers

• Ioan Ignat,
• Bernhard Schuster,
• Jonas Hafner,
• MinHee Kwon,
• Daniel Platz and
• Ulrich Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 123–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.13

• is in the strong regime. Here the susceptibility equation is In this case, the distance between peaks can be approximated as . The effective temperature of the mode is calculated by normalizing the integral of the measured amplitude squared to the case when the pump is off when the system is at room

• temperature as follows: where X is the spectral response amplitude with respect to the frequency offset from eigenfrequency δ and pump amplitude Vpump, Tambient is the temperature of the room where the experiment was performed, and δstart and δend are the start and end frequencies, respectively, of the lock

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• surfaces of the model, keeping them at room temperature (293.15 K). An alternating voltage with a DC offset Vin(t) = V0 · (1 + sin(2πft)), where V0 = 200.0 mV and f = 631 Hz, was applied across the silver layer. The voltage was chosen so as to guarantee a correspondence with the experiments in terms of

• reflectivity curve acquired by means of the enhanced SPR experiment. In order to back up the experimental findings, electromagnetic simulations were performed both in a cold state, using room temperature refractive indices, and in a hot state. Johnson and Christy [33] electrical permittivity values were used

• to model the silver layer at room temperature. The electromagnetic simulations of the heated system were performed starting from a temperature distribution extracted from the thermal simulations previously performed (t = 1.68 ms). This means that a temperature value is associated to each spatial

Liquid phase exfoliation of talc: effect of the medium on flake size and shape

• Samuel M. Sousa,
• Helane L. O. Morais,
• Joyce C. C. Santos,
• Ana Paula M. Barboza,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• Elisângela S. Pinto and
• Mariana C. Prado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 68–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.8

• concentration (CMC) of SC at room temperature ranges from 5.2 to 6.5 mg/mL [22]. The dilute solution is guaranteed to be well below the CMC, which is regarded as preferable [6]. To guarantee that the effects seen in flake size after exfoliation were not due to a change in the relative concentration of SC to

Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles

• Bin Liu,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6

• obtained by TEOS hydrolysis/polycondensation according to a two-stage protocol. At the end of the synthesis, the silica surface was functionalized with methacryloxymethyl functions by reacting with MMS at room temperature for 3 h and then for one more hour at 90 °C under stirring. The added amount of MMS

• dispersions was adjusted to 1.08 × 1015 part/L and the solution was stored at 4 °C. Assembly of one-patch silica nanoparticles The incubation of the nanoparticles was carried out in 15 mL tubes under rolling motion at 60 rpm at room temperature. A calculated volume of ethanol, water, or salty water (20 mM of

• deposition on TEM grids. Co-assembly of one- and two-patch silica nanoparticles The incubation of the nanoparticles in a 7:3 (vol/vol) THF/salty water mixture was carried out in 15 mL tubes under rolling motion at 60 rpm and at room temperature. The composition of the mixtures is given in Table 1

Upper critical magnetic field in NbRe and NbReN micrometric strips

• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Antonio Leo,
• Federico Chianese,
• Loredana Parlato,
• Giovanni Piero Pepe,
• Angela Nigro,
• Carla Cirillo and
• Carmine Attanasio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 45–51, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.5

• of 1 × 10−8 mbar. The films were deposited at room temperature from a stoichiometric NbRe (Nb0.18Re0.82) 99.95% pure target of 5 cm diameter at a power of 350 W. NbRe films, 8 nm thick, were grown at a Ar pressure of 4 μbar, which resulted in a deposition rate of 0.3 nm/s. NbReN films, 10 nm thick

• is defined as the ratio of the resistivity at room temperature and at 10 K, that is, RRR = ρ300K/ρ10K = R300K/R10K. The values of Tc are not significantly smaller than the values measured on unpatterned films of the same thickness [4][8]. The rounding present at the onset of both the curves is due to

The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3

• in [33]. In the considered material, the thermodynamic first-order phase transition is observed near room temperature. Heating the material above the transition temperature changes its magnetic behavior from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic and is accompanied by a significant change in the crystal