DFT calculations of the structure and stability of copper clusters on MoS₂

• Cara-Lena Nies and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 391–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.30

• variety of research areas [1]. These include catalysis [2][3], photonics [4][5], batteries [6], sensors [7][8] and semiconductors and electronics [9][10][11]. More recently, 2D materials have been explored as copper diffusion barriers in CMOS interconnect structures [12][13][14][15]. Furthermore, to

• to alter the surface from semiconducting to metallic. This selective alteration of the electronic properties through functionalisation makes 2D monolayers attractive candidates for various applications, such as photocatalysis, sensors and electronic devices. Other work from Ersan et al. [30] focused

Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy

• María Sanromán Iglesias and
• Marek Grzelczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 263–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.20

• seconds even at sub-picomolar concentration. Here, we review recent advancements in the development of sensors based on metallic nanoparticles for the detection of mutations in circulating tumor DNA molecules. By introducing the importance of DNA molecules as biomarkers in the field of liquid biopsy and

• by discussing current technologies in clinics, we review the performance of recent sensors for single-point mutation in which gold nanoparticles act as signal transducers. We classify the discussed sensors according to whether the underlying mechanisms of detection involve enzymatic reactions or not

• information, cost-efficiency, robustness of the reaction, scalability, high-throughput discrimination and the possibility for automatization with minimal hands-on operation. We will demonstrate in the following sections that the advancement of laboratory-based sensors for SNP discrimination benefits from the

Size effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites: morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization

• Tuba Evgin,
• Alpaslan Turgut,
• Georges Hamaoui,
• Zdenko Spitalsky,
• Nicolas Horny,
• Matej Micusik,
• Mihai Chirtoc,
• Mehmet Sarikanat and
• Maria Omastova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 167–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.14

• composites (PMCs); thermal properties; Introduction In recent years, electrically and thermally conductive polymer nanocomposites have attracted considerable attention because of their potential use in many industrial applications, such as aerospace, electronics, packaging, automotives, sensors, batteries

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• , sensors, molecular or nanoelectronics, diagnostics, drug delivery, and biomedical sciences. The remarkable molecular fidelity and sequence-specific molecular recognition make DNA the ideal candidate in the scheme of molecular architectonics to design and construct functional DNA nanoarchitectures. In this

• vector and provided efficient sensing of changes in the intracellular acidic pH value. In recent years, DNA thin film-based biosensors received significant interest for the detection of biologically relevant analytes, such has forensic samples [61][62]. The design of active electrochemical DNA sensors

• involves critical optimization of the sensor platforms. The length of the target oligonucleotide sequence and the selective use of dopants significantly dominate the sensing efficacy [63]. In this context, electrochemical DNA sensors were developed by noncovalent layer-by-layer assemblies of phenothiazine

Plasmonic nanosensor based on multiple independently tunable Fano resonances

• Lin Cheng,
• Zelong Wang,
• Xiaodong He and
• Pengfei Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2527–2537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.243

• light within sub-wavelength dimensions. Many plasmonic structures, such as high-sensitivity refractive index sensors [2], enhanced biochemical sensors [3], switches and filters [4], have been designed based on the concept of Fano resonance by utilizing a MDM waveguide [3][5][6]. Due to the interference

• difficulties in obtaining a highly independent tunability [24]. It is also a technical challenge to reduce the size of the structure while also guaranteeing high performance [15]. So far, there have been plenty of reports on dual/triple/quad Fano resonances for refractive index sensors on the basis of MDM

• performance. It is worth mentioning that the sensitivity, defined as S = Δλ/Δn, and figure of merit (FOM) are important parameters for sensors. Here Δn represents the variation of the refractive index in the surrounding environment and Δλ is the wavelength shift caused by the change of refractive index. The

Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe₂O₄/rGO gas sensors

• Kaidi Wu,
• Yifan Luo,
• Ying Li and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

• , it may be possible to diagnose diabetes using a nondestructive testing technology based on sensing acetone. Thus, it is necessary to develop novel micro/nanomaterials, which can be applied as high-performance gas sensors to detect acetone at low concentration or to monitor variations of its

• concentration. Due to their excellent properties and cost efficiency, gas sensors based on metal oxide semiconductors, such as ZnO [5], SnO2 [6], WO3 [7], TiO2 [8], Er-SnO2 [9], Au-In2O3 [10], GO-WO3 [11] and Ni-SnO2/G [12] have been widely studied until now. However, their sensing properties regarding low

• effects in the heterostructures. This will enable corresponding gas sensors to accurately detect and monitor acetone vapor in real-time. In this view, compounding with certain organic or inorganic material could improve the gas sensing properties of ZnFe2O4 [18][19]. As a novel 2D carbon-based material

Evaluation of click chemistry microarrays for immunosensing of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

• Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Dadfar,
• Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
• Vanessa Trouillet,
• Hui-Yu Liu,
• Ravi Kumar,
• Annie K. Powell and
• Michael Hirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2505–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.241

• implementation of a sensitive fluorescent immunosensor for the detection of AFP, which is used as a common cancer-related model protein. We compared the AFP microarray sensors resulting from six different fabrication routes based on different functionalization methods (DBCO-, thiol- and epoxy-termination) and

• corresponding microarray sensors. The sensitivity of the epoxy–amine-based array was evaluated to be 9.8 ± 2.9 µg/mL, providing a rapid and inexpensive screening sensor compared to the more sensitive, but also much more elaborate detection approaches. Moreover, the approach can be extended towards label-free

• chemistry in the building of highly sensitive protein detection sensors needed, for example, in cancer biomarker detection. Experimental Chemicals Table 1 lists the most important materials used in this study. All other materials were of analytical grade and were used as-received without extra purification

Multiple Fano resonances with flexible tunablity based on symmetry-breaking resonators

• Xiao bin Ren,
• Kun Ren,
• Ying Zhang,
• Cheng guo Ming and
• Qun Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2459–2467, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.236

• discrete state and a continuum state [1][2]. Contrary to symmetric Lorentz line shapes, a Fano profile is sharp and asymmetric. Due to this unique line shape and the large induced field enhancements, Fano resonances can potentially applied in sensors [3][4], demultiplexers [5], lasers [6], filters [7], and

Deterministic placement of ultra-bright near-infrared color centers in arrays of silicon carbide micropillars

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Abdul Salam Al Atem,
• Faraz Ahmed Inam,
• Hans Jürgen von Bardeleben,
• Sophie Hameau,
• Ahmed Fahad Almutairi,
• Gérard Guillot,
• Shin-ichiro Sato,
• Alberto Boretti and
• Jean Marie Bluet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2383–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.229

• -photon sources (SPSs) [7][8][9][10], nanoscale magnetic or electric fields sensors, and pressure or temperature sensors [3][11][12][13]. Electrically driven SPSs in SiC have been realized [14][15][16], and the coherent control of electron spin can be achieved up to 500 K [17]. SiC offers an alternative

Multiwalled carbon nanotube based aromatic volatile organic compound sensor: sensitivity enhancement through 1-hexadecanethiol functionalisation

• Nadra Bohli,
• Meryem Belkilani,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2364–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.227

• Tunis University, ENSIT, Avenue Taha Hussein, Montfleury, 1008 Tunis, Tunisia MINOS-EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain 10.3762/bjnano.10.227 Abstract Aromatic volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors are attracting growing interest as a response to the

• pressing market need for sensitive, fast response, low power consumption and stable sensors. Benzene and toluene detection is subject to several potential applications such as air monitoring in chemical industries or even biosensing of human breath. In this work, we report the fabrication of a room

• spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed to characterize the gold nanoparticle decoration and to examine the thiol monolayer bonding to the MWCNTs. The detection of aromatic vapours using Au-MWCNT and HDT/Au-MWCNT sensors down to the ppm range shows that the presence of the self-assembled layer increases the

Atomic force acoustic microscopy reveals the influence of substrate stiffness and topography on cell behavior

• Yan Liu,
• Li Li,
• Xing Chen,
• Ying Wang,
• Meng-Nan Liu,
• Jin Yan,
• Liang Cao,
• Lu Wang and
• Zuo-Bin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2329–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.223

• using the same parameters. The Young’s moduli of the fabricated substrates were evaluated by fitting the force–distance curves with a Hertzian cone. A probe sensor (ContAl-G, Budget Sensors) was used in the force modulation mode for measuring the Young’s moduli. The cantilever spring constant was 0.2 N

Use of data processing for rapid detection of the prostate-specific antigen biomarker using immunomagnetic sandwich-type sensors

• Camila A. Proença,
• Tayane A. Freitas,
• Thaísa A. Baldo,
• Elsa M. Materón,
• Flávio M. Shimizu,
• Gabriella R. Ferreira,
• Frederico L. F. Soares,
• Ronaldo C. Faria and
• Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr.

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2171–2181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.210

• ]. PSA and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured with a microfluidic electrochemical immunoassay system, in which commercial magnetic particles were conjugated with secondary antibodies and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) [26]. These immunomagnetic nanoparticle-based microfluidic sensors with screen-printed

• using multidimensional projections within the PEx-Sensors software [32]. Results and Discussion Analytical performance The analytical performance of the INμ-SPCEs was evaluated using PSA standard solutions in PBS at concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 1111 fg·mL−1. After capturing PSA with the

• ) [62] and interactive document mapping (IDMAP) [63] implemented in the software as projection explorer sensors (PEx-Sensors) [32][64]. The amperogram data (current as a function of the time) were dimensionally reduced by PCA and FastMap [65] and then projected with PCA, LSP, IDMAP, and SM techniques

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• image resolution on the molecular or even the atomic scale. This has given rise to the investigation of nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging (nano-MRI) [5]. Different nano-MRI technologies have been proposed that are based on different sensors. Some of these technologies use the nitrogen-vacancy (NV

• ) centers in diamond as sensors. The NV centers in diamond are one example of a sensor for nano-MRI. Optical measurements with NV centers combined with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) were established at the end of the 1970s [6], although it was only in 1991 that EPR was also observed without

• (MRFM). Among the other approaches, magnetic dipole interaction is a new way to replace magnetic induction to allow for nanoscale MRI detection and has delivered promising results in the employment of spin sensors based on atomic-scale diamond impurities. The use of diamond NV centers with nano-MRI has

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• ; nanoarchitectonics; sensor; thin film; Review Introduction Detection systems for various chemical, physical, environmental, and biological targets, so-called sensors, have been continuously explored [1][2][3][4]. Although their usefulness was recognized even in the early stages of modern science and technology, the

• importance of sensors has been recently re-evaluated in the context of current research developments. Today, sensors play an important role in technological advancement for various social demands. There are currently many strategies being pursued for the production of functional materials [5][6][7][8], the

• logical conversion to outputs (response, energy, products, etc.). Good sensing systems have many contributions regarding the former part. This is why the importance of sensors has been re-recognized in modern sensor technology. In recent decades, the development of sensor technologies has highly depended

Optimization and performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a color conversion layer for white-LED applications

• Tugrul Guner,
• Hurriyet Yuce,
• Didem Tascioglu,
• Eren Simsek,
• Umut Savaci,
• Aziz Genc,
• Servet Turan and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2004–2013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.197

• applications, including bio-imaging [6][7], drug and gene delivery [8], sensors [9][10], photocatalysis [11], energy storage [12][13] and white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) [14][15]. Typically, these materials contain an internal carbon core, conjugated sp2 domains and some functional groups attached to their

First principles modeling of pure black phosphorus devices under pressure

• Ximing Rong,
• Zhizhou Yu,
• Zewen Wu,
• Junjun Li,
• Bin Wang and
• Yin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1943–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.190

• the application as flexible electronic devices with almost constant conductance under small pressure, while armchair BP devices can serve as bidirectional pressure sensors. Real-space distributions of band alignments were explored to understand the different pressure-related properties. We fitted a

• sensors; WKB approximation; Introduction Black phosphorus (BP) has been regarded as one of the most popular two-dimensional (2D) materials due to their unique properties and potential applications in many fields of nanoelectronics [1][2][3]. So far, many studies have been carried out to explore the

• principles calculations. When the pressure ratio is smaller than 15%, the conductance of zigzag BP devices changes very little with pressure, while the conductance of armchair BP devices decreases distinctly with large magnitude. That means the armchair BP devices can work as pressure sensors, but the zigzag

Charge-transfer interactions between fullerenes and a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene-based metal–organic framework

• Manuel Souto,
• Joaquín Calbo,
• Samuel Mañas-Valero,
• Aron Walsh and
• Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.183

• catalysis [3][4][5]. In addition, electroactive MOFs combining porosity and electrical conductivity [6][7][8] have also attracted much attention during the last years in view of their potential application, for example as chemiresistive sensors [9], field-effect transistors [10] or supercapacitors [11

• electronics as conductors, switches, sensors or rectifiers [37][38]. Several studies have also been devoted to the development of TTF-based macrocyclic systems for their use as molecular machines or for supramolecular host–guest recognition [39][40][41]. In this context, donor–acceptor interactions between

Prestress-loading effect on the current–voltage characteristics of a piezoelectric p–n junction together with the corresponding mechanical tuning laws

• Wanli Yang,
• Shuaiqi Fan,
• Yuxing Liang and
• Yuantai Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1833–1843, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.178

• present are third-generation semiconductors, for instance, ZnO, GaN, CdS, and AlN, with wide bandgap, high breakdown electric field, high thermal conductivity, and even mechanical tunability [3]. They show numerous application prospects in electric devices and sensors, such as energy harvesters [4][5][6

• -bias voltage. This phenomenon may be applicable in force sensors. Figure 5 further illustrates the phenomenon of reverse current density caused by tensile loading under small forward-bias voltages. As shown in Figure 5a, the negative current density appears at a tensile loading of 3.6 MPa for a 0.01 V

• . This phenomenon may be useful in force sensors. Figure 7a shows that the current density reverses from negative to positive under increasing compressive loading and a constant reverse-bias voltage. As mentioned above, a compressive loading is equivalent to a forward-bias voltage due to the

Growth dynamics and light scattering of gold nanoparticles in situ synthesized at high concentration in thin polymer films

• Corentin Guyot,
• Philippe Vandestrick,
• Ingrid Marenne,
• Olivier Deparis and
• Michel Voué

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1768–1777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.172

• solar infrared radiation [3][4], in random lasers [5][6], in non-linear optical applications [7][8][9] and in sensors or bio-medical diagnostics [10][11][12]. More recently, nanocomposites containing AuNPs received even more attention due to their saturable absorption. Indeed, plasmonic nanocomposites

Remarkable electronic and optical anisotropy of layered 1T’-WTe₂ 2D materials

• Qiankun Zhang,
• Rongjie Zhang,
• Jiancui Chen,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Chunhua An,
• Xiaodong Hu,
• Mingli Dong,
• Jing Liu and
• Lianqing Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1745–1753, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.170

• 103, indicating a highly anisotropic DC conductance of 1T’-WTe2, which indicates its promising application for electronic-related sensors. Wavelength- and polarization-resolved photoelectronic properties The photoelectric nature of the of 1T’-WTe2 material was further probed by performing I–V

• ][35]. In addition, its highly anisotropic properties hold promise for a new direction in the development of angle-resolved optoelectronic and electronic devices. For instance, 1T’-WTe2 is a natural material for designing polarizers and polarization sensors in the broadband spectral range because of

Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides

• Ediana Paula Rebitski,
• Margarita Darder and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1679–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.163

• components in diverse electrochemical devices (such as supercapacitors, sensors, and biosensors), in drug delivery and controlled-release formulations, or in non-viral gene transfection [21][22][23][24][25][26]. The fact that the stability of LDH varies with the pH value has proved advantageous in some of

Subsurface imaging of flexible circuits via contact resonance atomic force microscopy

• Wenting Wang,
• Chengfu Ma,
• Yuhang Chen,
• Lei Zheng,
• Huarong Liu and
• Jiaru Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1636–1647, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.159

• [1][2][3][4], heaters [5][6][7][8] and temperature sensors [9][10][11][12]. Successful applications can be found in smart contact lenses, transparent electronic devices and deformable electronic skin, for instance. In general, a flexible circuit consists of a highly flexible thin polymer film as the

Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

• Dominik Wrana,
• Karol Cieślik,
• Wojciech Belza,
• Christian Rodenbücher,
• Krzysztof Szot and
• Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

• understanding of the operation of nanostructure electrochemical sensors [48]. Thus, we have focused on the systematic approach of the influence of ambient air on the work function of TiO and SrTiO3(100). Figure 6a shows the topography and work function of representative TiO nanowire networks before and after

• abundant adsorbates, also mimicking the typical operating temperatures of metal oxide gas sensors [51]. Numerical calculations suggest that H2O and CO2 species present in air saturate almost all free adsorption sites on TiO2-terminated SrTiO3(100) [52]. The low Redhead desorption temperature of H2O (CO2

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• . The nanoarchitecture materials can be used for various applications such as molecular recognition, sensors, photodetectors, supercapacitors, supramolecular differentiation, enzyme reactors, cell differentiation control, and hemodialysis. Keywords: film; interface; low-dimensional material

• consisting of two blocks, a fluorocarbon block and a hydrocarbon block, in a single chain) at the air–water interface is discussed. They expect possible applications of these two-dimensional nanodomains in sensors, nanoelectronics and nanophotonics. Pellerin, Bazuin, and co-workers investigated the

• carbonized at 2000 °C in vacuum, resulting in morphology-preserved one-dimensional carbon materials with sp2-hybridised π-electron-rich robust frameworks (Figure 16). Due to their highly aromatic nature, microbalance sensors with the synthesized one-dimensional carbon materials on a quartz crystal

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Marina N. Rumyantseva,
• Alexander S. Frolov,
• Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
• Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

• high temperatures in the range of 300–800 °C. The development of high-temperature gas sensors requires the creation of new materials that are stable under these conditions. The stability of nanostructured semiconductor oxides at high temperature can be enhanced by creating composites with highly

• –800 °C. The composition of the main components of exhaust gas includes CO2, CO, SO2, H2S, NOx, CnH2n+2, and NH3. The ratio of these components depends primarily on the technology features and fuel type. High-temperature gas sensors are needed for local monitoring of pollution emissions, as well as for

• monitoring the complete combustion of fuel and controlling medium-temperature chemical and metallurgical processes [3][4][5]. The development of high-temperature gas sensors requires the creation of new materials that are stable at 300–600 °C, high humidity, and lack of oxygen. Nanostructured semiconductor