Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• in 1.0 M KCl) was used as a reference electrode. In the biosensing tests, the working electrode was a film of 30 × 5 mm × 0.014 (3.49 mg, containing 0.028 mg of immobilized GOx) immersed in a potassium ferricyanide solution (0.2 mM) as mediator containing 0.1 M of phosphate buffered solution (pH 7

Glucose-derived carbon materials with tailored properties as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Rafael Gomes Morais,
• Natalia Rey-Raap,
• José Luís Figueiredo and
• Manuel Fernando Ribeiro Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1089–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.109

• analysis, a calibration of the CO and CO2 content was carried out, allowing the quantification of the TPD profiles. Electrochemical characterization The electrochemical measurements were performed on a PGSTAT 302N potentiostat/galvanostat by using a three-electrode cell configuration. Ag/AgCl (KCl 3 M) and

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• NaCl, 3 mM KCl, l.8 mM Na2HPO4, 15 mM KH2PO4) with Tween-20 (0.1% (v/v)) pH 7.4 was added to the gold nanoparticles [26] and 10× (100 mM NaNO3, 20 mM HEPES with Tween-20 (0.1% (v/v)) pH 7.4 to the silver nanoparticles [17], vortex-mixed and the (gold or silver) nanoparticles were placed on a rotating

Widening of the electroactivity potential range by composite formation – capacitive properties of TiO₂/BiVO₄/PEDOT:PSS electrodes in contact with an aqueous electrolyte

• Konrad Trzciński,
• Mariusz Szkoda,
• Andrzej P. Nowak,
• Marcin Łapiński and
• Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 483–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.49

• cell was used for cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles measurements. Platinum mesh acted as a counter electrode, and Ag/AgCl (0.1 M KCl) was used as the reference electrode. The geometric surface area of tested electrodes was equal to 0.5 cm2. Current densities used for charge

• comparison (Ti/BiVO4). Hydrogenation process Annealed titania nanotubes and titania nanotubes covered by BiVO4 were exposed to cathodic polarization in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The potential of the working electrode during hydrogenation was equal to −1.5 V vs Ag/AgCl (0.1 M KCl) and the process lasted for 60 s

• vs Ag/AgCl (0.1 M KCl)). The charge consumed during polymerization was in the range from 0.01 to 0.1 mC·cm−2 per pulse, which is expected to deposit a conducting polymer film of 0.07 to 0.7 nm per pulse. An exemplary chronoamperometric curve (single pulse) is presented in Figure 1a. A Pt/PEDOT:PSS

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• electrolysis were performed from the open-circuit potential at room temperature using Gamry Interface 1000 potentiostats. The standard redox potential of the Ag/AgCl/KCl(sat.) reference electrode is shifted by +0.20 V relative to the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE). Cyclic and linear sweep voltammograms were

Amorphous Ni_xCo_yP-supported TiO₂ nanotube arrays as an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst in acidic solution

• Yong Li,
• Peng Yang,
• Bin Wang and
• Zhongqing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 62–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.6

• our previous work [25][26]. In a three-electrode system, the TNAs act as the working electrode, Pt as the counter electrode, Ag/AgCl (saturated KCl) as the reference, and a constant voltage (−1.2 V vs Ag/AgCl) was applied to the system and the duration of the electrodeposition was 200 s. The

• (saturated KCl) reference electrode, and 0.5 mol L−1 H2SO4 as the electrolyte. During the LSV, CV, and Tafel experiments, the scan rate was 5 mV s−1. During the EIS experiment, the frequency range was 10−2–105 Hz and the applied bias was the open-circuit potential of the samples. The measured current was

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

• Markus Gößler,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Markus Stütz,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

• /AgCl (sat. KCl) electrode (Metrohm) served as counter and reference electrode, respectively. Electrochemical dealloying was conducted in 0.1 M sulfuric acid solution at a potential of +0.55 V (vs Ag/AgCl), a method that is commonly used to achieve homogeneous nanoporous palladium structures [16][17

• potentials in the text below refer to the Ag/AgCl (sat. KCl) reference electrode. Zero on the strain axis in the plots was chosen in the electrochemical double-layer regime. For the distinction of hydride phases in npPd, samples were dealloyed and characterised ex situ in a standard three-electrode

Accurate control of the covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for the electro-enzymatically controlled oxidation of biomolecules

• Naoual Allali,
• Veronika Urbanova,
• Mathieu Etienne,
• Xavier Devaux,
• Martine Mallet,
• Brigitte Vigolo,
• Jean-Joseph Adjizian,
• Chris P. Ewels,
• Sven Oberg,
• Alexander V. Soldatov,
• Edward McRae,
• Yves Fort,
• Manuel Dossot and
• Victor Mamane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2750–2762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.257

• detected m/z values. All electrochemical experiments were carried out using a PGSTAT12 Metrohm-Autolab potentiostat monitored by the GPES Software. Measurements were performed in a three-electrode cell, including the film-modified GCE as working electrode, an Ag/AgCl reference electrode (3 M KCl internal

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• electrooxidation process for the degradation of such components. Chlorides are often present in these waste waters [81][82][83][84], and for that reason a dissolution of 0.5 M KCl was chosen as the electrolyte. The electrolyte was not purged with N2 or O2 prior to or during the experiment. Figure 9a depicts the

• . Graphite and Ag|AgCl electrodes were used as counter and reference electrode, respectively, in a 0.5 M KCl electrolyte. A 375 nm UV-LED was used as illumination source with an effective irradiation power (I0) of 22.4 mW/cm2 at the working electrode distance, while recording the current under a

Thickness-dependent photoelectrochemical properties of a semitransparent Co₃O₄ photocathode

• Malkeshkumar Patel and
• Joondong Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2432–2442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.228

• /galvanostat (PG-stat) (WonA Tech, ZIVE SP1). Co3O4/FTO/glass, Ag/AgCl (KCl, 3 M), and platinum gauze were connected to the working, reference, and counter electrodes of the PG-stat, respectively. All PEC cell measurements were carried out in 0.1 M NaOH aqueous electrolyte pH 12.5 at room temperature. A white

Filling nanopipettes with apertures smaller than 50 nm: dynamic microdistillation

• Evelyne Salançon and
• Bernard Tinland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2181–2187, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.204

• is recorded at the same time. The first measurement is made directly after the first electrolyte loading at a concentration of [KCl] = 10−4 mol·L−1. This first electrical measurement confirms that the nanopipette is filled: The current flows and ion exchange is ensured between the Ag/AgCl electrodes

• and ICR (intensity current rectification) ratio of ICR500 = I−500mV/I+500mV = 1.53 at [KCl] = 10−4 mol·L−1 are comparable with previously measured values. This confirms that the proposed filling technique is reliable. Conclusion The successful filling of 100% of nanopipettes using dynamic

• ). It is very thin, elongated and bent at its tip with a hole of dtip = 11 nm. Typical I(V) measurements with pClamp: I and V are recorded as a function of the time. [KCl] = 10−4 mol·L−1 and the geometrical nanopipette characteristics are rtip = 13 nm, θ = 9° and ltip = 15 mm. (a) The first measurement

Nanoporous silicon nitride-based membranes of controlled pore size, shape and areal density: Fabrication as well as electrophoretic and molecular filtering characterization

• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Stefan Beirle,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Othmar Marti and
• Alfred Plettl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1390–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.131

• (Supporting Information File 1, details in the text and Figure S1). Subsequently, the chambers were filled with a KCl electrolyte and the conductance was determined by applying dc voltages to the Ag/AgCl electrodes and automated current measurements. The results of the according experiments on the membranes A

• pores the calculated total contribution of the pores Rpore·N−1 sums up to 1 kΩ (for 1 mM KCl). This resistance value is 200 times smaller than the resistance Rsetup of the complete microfluidic setup without membrane. Therefore, differences of the resistances of the membranes A, B and C due to their

• . Diameter distributions for the Au NP etch mask (green) and the resulting nanopores of membrane C on the front side (black) and on the back side (red). Vertical bars represent experimental data to which the shaded Gaussians were fitted. Ionic transport measured through the three membranes A, B and C for KCl

Semi-automatic spray pyrolysis deposition of thin, transparent, titania films as blocking layers for dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells

• Hana Krýsová,
• Josef Krýsa and
• Ladislav Kavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1135–1145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.105

• controlled by the NOVA software. The TiO2 thin film on FTO was the working electrode, the reference electrode was Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl) and a platinum rod was used as the counter electrode. The TiO2 films were illuminated from the front side by a Hg lamp (Oriel), and the TiO2 film area (1 cm2) was defined by a

• -electrochemical experiments [14]. The blocking properties of the deposited layers were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in aqueous electrolyte solution composed of 0.5 mM K4[Fe(CN)6], 0.5 mM K3[Fe(CN)6] in 0.5 M KCl, pH 2.5. Results and Discussion To optimize the SPD conditions, we initially tested the effect

• ), dark/light intervals of 10 s were applied. Cyclic voltammograms on an uncoated FTO(A) electrode and one covered by TiO2 films consisting of 100 SCs of TAA (0.05 M). Scan rate 50 mV/s. Electrolyte solution was 0.5 mM Fe(CN)63−/4− in aqueous 0.5 M KCl, pH 2.5. The voltammograms (except for FTO) are

Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer

• Abdulrahman Altin,
• Maciej Krzywiecki,
• Adnan Sarfraz,
• Cigdem Toparli,
• Claudius Laska,
• Philipp Kerger,
• Aleksandar Zeradjanin,
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer,
• Michael Rohwerder and
• Andreas Erbe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 936–944, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.86

• . Increasing the β-CD concentration decreased Ecorr in the steady phase. Figure 1b (i) shows the state of the surface after exposure to 0.1 M KCl. In the presence of β-CD [Figure 1b (ii)], no precipitated corrosion products are visible. Comparison to the surface morphology before electrochemical experiments

• (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1) shows that this morphology is retained after exposure to the electrolyte. The inhibition efficiencies η (Figure 1c), based on EIS data (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2, Figure S3 and Table S1), show that with only 19 μM of β-CD in KCl, an inhibition

• efficiency of ≈75% is achieved. With an increase of β-CD concentration in the electrolyte, a further increase of η was observed. A maximum efficiency of ≈85% was found in the presence of 33 mM β-CD in the 0.1 M KCl solution. Overall, η ≈ 80% over a large concentration range. The impact of β-CD on the zinc

Wafer-scale bioactive substrate patterning by chemical lift-off lithography

• Chong-You Chen,
• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hsiang-Hua Li,
• Hong-Hseng Chan and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 311–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.31

• (TRIS) and tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) were obtained from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Bovine serum albumin (BSA), and 10× phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 1.37 M NaCl, 0.027 M KCl, 0.10 M Na2HPO4, and 0.018 M KH2PO4 were purchased from Bioman Scientific Co., Ltd (Taipei, Taiwan

• exposed area of 0.28 cm2), an Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl) reference electrode, and a Pt wire counter electrode. CV measurements were carried out with 1 mM [Ru(NH3)6]3+ in 25 mM TRIS buffer (pH 7.4) at a scan rate of 100 mV/s. Target capture. For binding partner recognition, the substrates were rinsed with 25 mM

The nanofluidic confinement apparatus: studying confinement-dependent nanoparticle behavior and diffusion

• Stefan Fringes,
• Felix Holzner and
• Armin W. Knoll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 301–310, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.30

• increase adhesion for the subsequently spin coated 175 ± 2 nm thick poly-phthalaldehyde (PPA) film. The thicknesses were measured with AFM. The refractive indices nHM = 1.67 and nPPA = 1.59 were measured by ellipsometry. The surface potential of PPA in 1 mM KCl solution (pH 7–7.5) was measured in a Malvern

One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids

• Egor V. Lobiak,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya,
• Yury V. Shubin,
• Pavel E. Plyusnin,
• Pierre Lonchambon,
• Boris V. Senkovskiy,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Emmanuel Flahaut and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267

• suspension (62%) as a binder. The mixture was prepared using a mortar and pestle, before being rolled out into a 40 µm film, which was dried at room temperature. An Ag/AgCl electrode filled with a saturated KCl aqueous solution was used as the reference electrode and Pt foil was used as the counter electrode

Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography

• Liane S. Slaughter,
• Kevin M. Cheung,
• Sami Kaappa,
• Huan H. Cao,
• Qing Yang,
• Thomas D. Young,
• Andrew C. Serino,
• Sami Malola,
• Jana M. Olson,
• Stephan Link,
• Hannu Häkkinen,
• Anne M. Andrews and
• Paul S. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2648–2661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.265

• solutions. Immediately prior to experiments, the DNA stock solutions were diluted 1:100 with 1× phosphate buffered saline (PBS) ([NaCl] = 138 mM, [KCl] = 2.7 mM, and [MgCl2] = 5 mM) pH 7.4 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) to make 1 µM solutions. The patterns of Au–alkanethiolate monolayers on flat PDMS

Hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO quantum dot/KNb₃O₈ nanosheet photocatalysts for reducing carbon dioxide to methanol

• Xiao Shao,
• Weiyue Xin and
• Xiaohong Yin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2264–2270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.226

• ] synthesized rod-like KNb3O8 by using KCl, K2CO3, and Nb2O5 by calcination at 800 °C for 3 h. Zhan et al. [20] prepared the single-crystalline KNb3O8 nanobelts via a molten salt method and investigated its photocatalytic performance in degradation of methyl orange under UV irradiation. To the best of our

Carbon nano-onions as fluorescent on/off modulated nanoprobes for diagnostics

• Stefania Lettieri,
• Marta d’Amora,
• Adalberto Camisasca,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1878–1888, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.188

• of independent measurements. The CNO samples were dispersed to a final concentration of 1 mg mL−1 in PBS 0.01 M (PBS pH 7.4, composition 0.14 M NaCl, 0.0027 M KCl, 0.010 M PO43−) The samples were sonicated for 10 min at 37 kHz and then diluted in 0.01 M PBS to achieve a final concentration of 5 μg mL

Adsorption and electronic properties of pentacene on thin dielectric decoupling layers

• Sebastian Koslowski,
• Daniel Rosenblatt,
• Alexander Kabakchiev,
• Klaus Kuhnke,
• Klaus Kern and
• Uta Schlickum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1388–1395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.140

• electronic properties of pentacene deposited onto h-BN/Rh(111) and compare them with those of pentacene deposited onto KCl on various metal surfaces. When deposited onto KCl, the HOMO and LUMO energies of the pentacene molecules scale with the work functions of the combined KCl/metal surface. The magnitude

• of the variation between the respective KCl/metal systems indicates the degree of interaction of the frontier orbitals with the underlying metal. The results confirm that the so-called IDIS model developed by Willenbockel et al. applies not only to molecular layers on bare metal surfaces, but also to

• chloride (KCl); scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM); scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS); Introduction Miniaturization plays a paramount role in the development of modern technology. In order to further reduce the dimensions of the basic processing units, molecular electronics is a promising approach

Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy

• Isabella Tavernaro,
• Christian Cavelius,
• Henrike Peuschel and
• Annette Kraegeloh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.130

• -potential of the nanoparticles was determined using a Nanosizer ZSP from Malvern Instruments (Herrenberg, Germany) in water at 150 V using 1·10−3 M KCl as background electrolyte. Each sample underwent three series of measurements (with each series comprising 40 runs). Nanoparticle concentration: The

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of cell lysates mixed with silver nanoparticles for tumor classification

• Mohamed Hassoun,
• Iwan W.Schie,
• Tatiana Tolstik,
• Sarmiza E. Stanca,
• Christoph Krafft and
• Juergen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1183–1190, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.120

• absorption band of silver (Ag) nanoparticles corresponds to the maximum of the plasmon resonance which is near 415 nm (Figure 1a). Shifting the plasmon resonance of our nanoparticles to the near-IR spectral region was achieved by aggregation using potassium chloride (KCl). When nanoparticles aggregate, they

• become electronically coupled, which results in a change of the surface plasmon resonance compared to individual particles. Figure 1b shows the effect of adding KCl to Ag nanoparticles on the optical absorption characteristics. The aggregated nanoparticles have a broad absorption band that allowed for

• of the Ag nanoparticles was determined to be around 50 nm with a high degree of polydispersity in size ranging from 10 to 100 nm. The Ag nanoparticles do not tend to aggregate to a single specific shape after adding KCl. Instead, they form different shapes from spheres to rods. The cells, before and

Calculating free energies of organic molecules on insulating substrates

• Julian Gaberle,
• David Z. Gao and
• Alexander L. Shluger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 667–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.71

• organic molecules on an insulating substrate are discussed. The adhesion of 1,3,5-tri(4'-cyano-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)benzene (TCB) and 1,4-bis(4-cyanophenyl)-2,5-bis(decyloxy)benzene (CDB) molecules to step edges on the KCl(001) surface and the formation of molecular dimers were studied using classical

• -tri(4'-cyano-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)benzene (TCB) and 1,4-bis(cyanophenyl)-2,5-bis(decyloxy)benzene (CDB) molecules on an insulating KCl(001) surface and partitioned it into entropy and enthalpy contributions. Previously we found that entropy loss can give significant contributions to free energy of

• force fields are used since the computational cost associated with ab initio methods is too high. The LAMMPS code was used for all calculations [44] along with a combination of several classical force fields. A Buckingham potential was used to describe the interactions inside the KCl slab, as

Performance of colloidal CdS sensitized solar cells with ZnO nanorods/nanoparticles

• Anurag Roy,
• Partha Pratim Das,
• Mukta Tathavadekar,
• Sumita Das and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 210–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.23

• electrolytes were used for the cell fabrication, such as polysulphide and iodine/iodide. The electrolyte solution was prepared with 0.5 M Na2S, 1 M S and 0.02 M KCl in ethanol: water mixture (7:3) solution. In addition, to fabricate the counter electrode, a 0.1 M Cu(NO3)2 solution in ethanol was drop-casted