Growing up in a rough world: scaling of frictional adhesion and morphology of the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko)

• Anthony J. Cobos and
• Timothy E. Higham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1292–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.107

• sandpaper surfaces, but this led to a decrease in safety factor (see below) since force is related to toepad area, and toepad increases at a slower rate compared to body mass. Ecological consequences of reduced safety factor Safety factor (SF), as measured experimentally, decreases with body size in Tokay

Roll-to-roll fabrication of superhydrophobic pads covered with nanofur for the efficient clean-up of oil spills

• Patrick Weiser,
• Robin Kietz,
• Marc Schneider,
• Matthias Worgull and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1228–1239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.102

• . To a certain extent this can be beneficial because, in general, hairs with high aspect ratio led to high contact angles. However, if the hairs become too long and thin, they might bend under the weight of the water droplets. Furthermore, hair apexes might penetrate water drops. These two effects

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• are connected in parallel to produce a transient output with a voltage of 160 V and a current of 10 μA. When it is directly used to power LED lights, the power generation device group can make 10 LEDs flash for a moment. Increasing the fluctuation frequency can make the LEDs flash continuously. The

• . Copyright © 2021 WILEY-VCH GmbH. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (a) MEGs power directly a blue LED. (b) MEGs charge a battery. Figure 10a,b were reproduced from [55] (“Towards Watt-scale hydroelectric energy harvesting by Ti3C2Tx-based transpiration-driven electrokinetic power generators“, © 2022

• humidification and dehumidification processes. (n) The equivalent circuit diagram of the PEDOT:PSS/PVDF double-layer generator charging a capacitor to power a LED. Figure 10k–n were reprinted from [92]. This article was published in Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 255, by G. Wang; H. Xia; X.-C. Sun; C

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• significant trend and led to introduction of microneedles [92][93][94][95][96][97][98]. Taking into account the rapid progress in production technologies, it is already possible to obtain needles with a length of less than 1 mm, however, it can be expected that nanometer-sized needles will soon appear in use

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• in the dark for 30 min to equilibrate the adsorption. Subsequently, the suspensions were illuminated by a 30 W LED or an 18 W high-pressure mercury lamp. The light source was fixed at a distance of 20 cm from the surface of the reactor. After fixed illumination times, 5 mL was withdrawn and

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• lemon juice, fresh lemon juice had a higher PL intensity (Figure 2). Because in the case of the ripe lemon juice, a significant reduction in the quality of the components occurred, which might have led to reduced PL emission. It was also found that longer hydrothermal times could lead to more

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• an octahedron shape, and its size increases compared with that of pristine MIL101(Fe). In previous reports, graphene quantum dots changed the balance of organic ligands, which led to the change of MIL101(Fe) size [38]. In addition, Liao et al. reported that morphology or size of MOFs are dependent on

Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis

• Leonie Saccardi,
• Franz Brümmer,
• Jonas Schiebl,
• Oliver Schwarz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84

• development process that led to the anatomical investigation of honeybee mandibles. The hypothesis is that animal species that regularly have close contact with resinous plants or even actively harvest resins may have developed counter-stickiness strategies. This is because animals that permanently stick to a

Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water

• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Emrullah Kargin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 922–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.82

• cantilever) at a given frequency to the noise at that frequency. Furthermore, we use the conventional definition of whereby SNR = 1 [2][53][56][57][58][59]. The desire to take advantage of the SNR enhancement on eigenmodes of the cantilever have led to the adoption of a number of imaging strategies [10

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• of bio-inspired selective surface modifications The increasing knowledge on natural receptor–ligand binding mechanisms led to various approaches in the last years to increase both cellular adhesion on surfaces of biomaterials and biosensors, as well as for therapeutic drug carrier systems against

• [97], and peptide isomers known as peptoids, (oligo N-substituted glycines) [98]. In addition, the transfer of the general molecular structure of AMPs/HDPs has led to peptide-mimicking polymers and surface-engineered polymeric-brush-tethered AMPs. These approaches are promising for establishing

• flat films (Figure 3A) [150]. In another study, eADF4(C16) was modified with biomineralization and collagen-binding peptides, yielding an increased osteoblast attachment on these functionalized variants [149]. Genetic modification of 4RepCT led to recombinant spider silk proteins containing linear RGD

Micro-structures, nanomechanical properties and flight performance of three beetles with different folding ratios

• Jiyu Sun,
• Pengpeng Li,
• Yongwei Yan,
• Fa Song,
• Nuo Xu and
• Zhijun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 845–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.75

• length), while the wing drag increased (due to increased air viscosity) [44]. In addition, P. brevitarsis with a higher folding ratio was significantly affected by wind. Its peak lift force with increasing wind speeds appeared earlier than that of the other two beetles. This led to a larger decline of

• for the high lift-to-drag ratio of P. brevitarsis at wind speeds lower than 2.0 m/s. The largest reduction of Sw and Sb led to the largest reduction in total drag compared to the other two beetles. A multifactor analysis of variance was performed regarding the influence of folding ratio and wind speed

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• lattices in the connected vessels in the networks. The front of the filled lattices could move along the connected vessels, occupying several branches or even swallowing the networks. These facts eventually led to three kinds of nanoarchitectures of coordination polymers: networks@crystal, ‘networks

Modeling a multiple-chain emeraldine gas sensor for NH₃ and NO₂ detection

• Hana Sustkova and
• Jan Voves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 721–729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.64

• polyaniline resistance values led to unequal resistance differences. The numerical values for NO2 in Figure 9 have slightly stronger slopes than the linear trend of the experimental data. This effect arises from the limitation of the numerical model as explained above. In the experiment, the PANI sensor was

Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• (DMEU), and ortho-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) [12][17][18]. Exfoliation in NMP has led to minimally oxidized graphene sheets with approximately 28% monolayer flakes, and more than 75% of sheets with a thickness of less than six layers [12]. An alternative to LPE that has subsequently been developed is

Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition

• Petr Šálek,
• Jana Dvořáková,
• Sviatoslav Hladysh,
• Diana Oleshchuk,
• Ewa Pavlova,
• Jan Kučka and
• Vladimír Proks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45

• network due to predominant polymer–medium interactions [27]. The subsequent increase of pH to 7.4 led to the decrease of DH of PHEG-Tyr nanogel to 131 nm driven by stronger polymer–polymer interactions including hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds, leading to a shrinkage of the PHEG-Tyr nanogel

Influence of thickness and morphology of MoS₂ on the performance of counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

• Lam Thuy Thi Mai,
• Hai Viet Le,
• Ngan Kim Thi Nguyen,
• Van La Tran Pham,
• Thu Anh Thi Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thanh Le Huynh and
• Hoang Thai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 528–537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.44

• DSSCs, which has led researchers to explore efficient cathode materials for DSSCs beyond platinum. To date, Pt replacement materials are divided into three categories, namely carbonaceous materials [2][3][4][5], conductive polymers [5], and transition metal compounds [6][7][8]. Transition metal

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• . With increasing the glycol chain length, the average particle size of ZnO is also increased [27]. Employing ethylene glycol as a polyol led to assembled hollow sphere structures, while diethylene glycol resulted in elliptical nanorod structures [29]. The simplicity and environmentally friendly

• deposition followed by a modified low-temperature solution approach consisted of long ZnO whiskers and numerous stacked ZnO nanoflakes, with plenty of corners and edges where Ag NPs could be deposited. Further hydrogenation was introduced in order to increase the surface area of ZnO nanostructures and led to

• (ZnO) and the metal. [71] showed that ZnO NRs with Ag-based substrates presented an enhancement of the Raman signal by acquiring a charge equilibration between the Fermi level of the metal and the CB of the ZnO. Excitation with visible light led to the following mechanism (Figure 4): The electrons from

Tubular glassy carbon microneedles with fullerene-like tips for biomedical applications

• Sharali Malik and
• George E. Kostakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 455–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.38

• led to many advanced technological applications [1]. The use of glassy carbon as an electrode material in electrochemistry is probably its best-known application. However, understanding the microstructure of glassy carbon is far from straightforward, therefore, this continues to be an area of active

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• scaffold led to a decrease in the average fiber diameter, an increase in hydrophilicity and tensile strength, without adversely affecting its porosity percentage and mechanical strength. Moreover, the results showed that the presence of COOH-functionalized MWCNTs as a reinforcement in the scaffold had no

• actuators with tunable linear contractile actuation and cardiac pumping ability (Figure 4). This unique property of CNTs was also used to improve the functions of chondrocytes encapsulated in a polycarbonate urethane nanocomposite in which electrical stimulation led to enhanced cell densities [133]. CNTs

• and increased biocompatibility when human dermal fibroblasts were seeded on the scaffold or encapsulated in the hydrogel. Incorporation of HNTs into alginate hydrogel also yielded enhanced mechanical properties and scaffold density [147]. HNTs led to a decreased water swelling ratio of alginate

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• led to a higher crystallinity structure of ZIF-8, the surface of the membrane synthesized at 120 °C displayed exposed α-Al2O3 particles about 3 μm in length (Figure 3c). The uneven formation of ZIF-8 crystals on the membrane surface can be ascribed to the vapor bubbles from boiling water at 120 °C

• reaction temperature led to higher crystallinity. A further increase of the reaction temperature to 120 °C caused a decrease of the separation factor to 1.77, which was due to the unstable liquid–liquid interface under boiling. In addition, the elevated temperature increased water/1-octanol solubility and

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• . Paclitaxel was traditionally formulated through solubilization with harsh solvents, which led to adverse side effects and special administration instrumentation [9]. While AbraxaneTM was first FDA-approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, it has since been investigated for other cancers

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• the photothermal effect was mainly attributed to Fe3O4 NPCs. As expected, stronger power densities led to markedly higher temperatures (Figure 2b). Altogether, our results support a rapid and strong photothermal conversion capacity of Fe3O4 NPCs that carry beneficial potential as photothermal agents

• combination with NIR irradiation, Fe3O4 NPCs led to significant cell death in a dosage-dependent manner, with the efficacious concentrations starting at as low as 0.0625 mg/mL (Figure 3c). The strongest effect was observed for 0.25 mg/mL NPCs, which, when compared to saline-alone control, reduced cell

• line and in vivo research using xenografted BALB/c mice model confirmed these nanoclusters, under NIR irradiation, led to overt cellular apoptosis and halted growth of implanted tumor xenografts at concentrations that did not elicit cytotoxicity when administered alone. Mechanistically, we discovered

Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers

• Tuğba Eren Böncü and
• Nurten Ozdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19

• examine the effects of PLGA addition on PLA nanofibers, PLA/PLGA nanofibers were produced by replacing 20 to 80% of PLA with PLGA in the F2 coded formulation containing 8% of drug. As seen in Table 2, the diameters of the PLA/PLGA nanofibers range from 447 to 820 nm. The addition of PLGA to PLA led to an

• al. stated that combined use of PLA and PLGA, compared to the use of PLA or PLGA alone, improved the mechanical properties and led to the production of more rigid structures with higher tensile strength [7]. In our previous study, the values of the mechanical properties of PLA/PCL nanofibers were

• 4% to 12%) in the PLA nanofiber led to an increase in the nanofiber diameter and resulted in a higher burst effect and faster drug release. F2 coded nanofiber was chosen as the ideal PLA nanofiber with ideal drug concentration (8%) due to its favorable encapsulation efficiency, nanofiber diameter

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• reported by Rehman [8], who used the photodynamic properties of TiO2 for killing HeLa cancer cells. The hydrophobic nature of photosensitizers commonly used in photodynamic therapy led to selectivity and aggregation issues that jeopardize their effectiveness. Therefore, TiO2 nanoparticles (nps), which

• with antibiotics is widespread. Antibiotics are proven to be highly efficient, but their uncontrolled use has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant species that do not respond to any existing drug. Even though new classes of antibiotics are constantly being developed, resistance to any class of

• therapeutic molecules) in the gastrointestinal tract. These inherent limitations led to the development of nanomedicines as potent drug delivery vehicles approved for medicinal use and treatment of life-threatening diseases. Several types of nps, such as liposomal, polymer-based, terpenoid-based, and

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• -workers compared an electrospun PVDF/PMMA MF membrane with a conventionally cast membrane [57]. The electrospun membrane showed higher water permeability and high porosity compared to the cast membrane. Also, the electrospun membrane had a smoother surface, which led to less fouling. Most of the