Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

• Abdelbaki Hacini,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali,
• Nurul Nadia Adnan and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

• Microelectronic and Nanotechnology Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia 10.3762/bjnano.13.133 Abstract ITO/Mo bilayer thin films were sputtered on n-type silicon and glass substrates and annealed with a Nd:YAG pulsed laser. The

• 17.6 × 10−3 Ω−1 of the the annealed structure. The results indicate that the laser annealing could improve the efficiency of the transparent conductive layer, which can be potentially applied in optoelectronic devices. Keywords: indium tin oxide (ITO); laser annealing; molybdenum (Mo); Nd:YAG

• plasma cleaner. In the IM structure, the thickness of ITO was 125 nm while the thickness of Mo was 10 nm. The thickness was controlled by two quartz crystal balances integrated within the chamber. After deposition, the bilayer thin film was treated using a Nd:YAG pulsed laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm

Properties of graphene deposited on GaN nanowires: influence of nanowire roughness, self-induced nanogating and defects

• Jakub Kierdaszuk,
• Piotr Kaźmierczak,
• Justyna Grzonka,
• Aleksandra Krajewska,
• Aleksandra Przewłoka,
• Wawrzyniec Kaszub,
• Zbigniew R. Zytkiewicz,
• Marta Sobanska,
• Maria Kamińska,
• Andrzej Wysmołek and
• Aneta Drabińska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 566–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.47

• spectra were collected by using a T64000 Horiba Jobin-Yvon spectrometer with a Nd:YAG laser operating at 532 nm wavelength as the excitation source, and with an objective with a magnification of 100× that allowed to obtain a spatial resolution of approx. 300 nm. The laser power was reduced to 3 mW in

Solution combustion synthesis of a nanometer-scale Co₃O₄ anode material for Li-ion batteries

• Monika Michalska,
• Huajun Xu,
• Qingmin Shan,
• Shiqiang Zhang,
• Yohan Dall'Agnese,
• Yu Gao,
• Amrita Jain and
• Marcin Krajewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 424–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.34

• were carried out using a confocal Raman spectrometer (Renishaw inVia) equipped with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and a continuous-wave diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser working at λRS = 532 nm. The Raman spectrum was collected at room temperature in air with acquisition time of 90 s, power of 0.5 mW

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• -distilled water (DDW) and then mixed with 0.18 g of CTAB dissolved in 10 mL of DDW. The laser used here was a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operating at λ = 1064 nm, 7 ns pulse width, and 2 Hz pulse repetition frequency. A high-purity silver (99.9%) pellet with a thickness of 10 mm and a diameter of 20 mm was

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO₂ covered with gold nanoparticles

• Andrea Brognara,
• Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
• Beatrice R. Bricchi,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
• Matteo Ghidelli and
• Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

• formation of NPs. A TiO2 (99.9%) target was ablated using a Nd:YAG laser (λ = 532 nm) with a pulse duration of 5–7 ns and 10 Hz repetition rate. The laser fluence on the target is 3.5 J·cm−2 and the pulse energy is 200 mJ. Film synthesis was carried out at room temperature in oxygen atmosphere, using both

The effect of heat treatment on the morphology and mobility of Au nanoparticles

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Simon Vigonski,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Vahur Zadin,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.6

• transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Characterization The morphology of the NPs annealed at different temperatures was studied by TEM (ARM200, JEOL). A null ellipsometer (Multiskop, Optrel, Germany) equipped with a 532 nm Nd:YAG laser was used for measuring the thickness of the SiO2 layers. AFM setup The

The role of Ag⁺, Ca²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Al³⁺ adions in the SERS turn-on effect of anionic analytes

• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu,
• Loredana F. Leopold and
• Nicolae Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2338–2345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.224

• (NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2 and Al2(SO4)3. However, similar results were obtained by activating the colloids before or after addition of the analyte. SERS spectra of the organic acids at a concentration of 50 µM were acquired with a Renishaw InVia Raman spectrometer equipped with a Nd:YAG frequency-doubled laser

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• Elmer FT-IR C89391 instrument at room temperature in the wavenumber range 4000–400 cm−1. The resolution of the FTIR spectrophotometer was 2 cm−1. Raman spectra were recorded on an EQUINOX 55 device equipped with an Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) at room temperature applying a laser power of 100 mW. The

Correlation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with the surface density of gold nanoparticles: evaluation of the critical number of SERS tags for a detectable signal

• Vincenzo Amendola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1016–1023, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.102

• sensitivity. Experimental Synthesis of Au nanotags AuNPs with an average diameter of 10 ± 5 nm and log-normal size distribution (see Figure S1 in Supporting Information File 1) were obtained by LASiS using an Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 9 ns, 50 Hz) focused to 8 J/cm2 with a 10 cm focus lens on a 99.9% pure gold

Widening of the electroactivity potential range by composite formation – capacitive properties of TiO₂/BiVO₄/PEDOT:PSS electrodes in contact with an aqueous electrolyte

• Konrad Trzciński,
• Mariusz Szkoda,
• Andrzej P. Nowak,
• Marcin Łapiński and
• Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 483–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.49

• annealing) or titanium foil. The bismuth vanadate films were deposited for 20 min and the PLD process was carried out using a Nd:YAG laser equipped with a fourth harmonic generation (FHG) module, generating 266 nm 6 ns pulses with 4 Hz repetition. Assuming that the obtained layer is flat and continuous, its

Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS

• Sherif Okeil and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2813–2831, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.263

• s with a laser power of 2.0 mW was used. For Raman mapping as well as single scans another Raman setup (Alpha300 R micro-Raman, WITec, Germany) with a Nd:YAG 532 nm laser was used. The samples were exposed to the laser with a power of 1.0 mW through a 50× microscope objective (NA = 0.80) resulting

SERS active Ag–SiO₂ nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation of silver in colloidal silica

• Cristina Gellini,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda,
• Alfonso Pedone and
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2396–2404, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.224

• , Ludox TM-40, pH ≈9 at 25 °C, NaCl content: 0.03 wt %) was diluted with distilled water in order to have a sample with 10 wt % as SiO2 content. Laser ablation of silver in colloidal silica was performed with the fundamental wavelength of a Q-switched Nd:YAG ns-pulsed laser (Quanta System G90-10: rep

• power meter (model 362; Scientech, Boulder, CO, USA) giving ≈5% accuracy in the 300–1000 nm spectral range. FT-SERS measurements were collected with a Fourier transform Raman spectrometer (Bruker Optics, Model MultiRam), equipped with a broad range quartz beamsplitter, an air-cooled Nd:YAG laser

The role of adatoms in chloride-activated colloidal silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement

• Nicolae Leopold,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Krisztian Herman,
• István Sz. Tódor,
• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu and
• Loredana F. Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2236–2247, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.208

• , equipped with a Nd:YAG frequency-doubled laser emitting at 532 nm and a laser power of ≈60 mW on the sample. For each measurement, 10 μL of the sample was placed on a microscope slide that was covered with aluminum foil. The laser light was focused on the drop using a 5× objective (NA 0.12). The spectra

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• were reported relative to residual solvent protons as an internal standard. MALDI mass spectra were recorded on an Ultra Flex III TOF/TOF mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonic, Bremen, Germany) operated in the linear mode. A Nd:YAG laser, λ = 355 nm was used. The data were processed using the FlexAnalysis

Defect formation in multiwalled carbon nanotubes under low-energy He and Ne ion irradiation

• Santhana Eswara,
• Jean-Nicolas Audinot,
• Brahime El Adib,
• Maël Guennou,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1951–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.186

• were performed with an inVia Renishaw Reflex Raman Microscope in micro-Raman mode, with an edge filter with spectral cutoff at 80 cm−1 and a 2400 grooves/mm grating for the analysis of the scattered light. A frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) was used as excitation source. The laser beam was

Sheet-on-belt branched TiO₂(B)/rGO powders with enhanced photocatalytic activity

• Huan Xing,
• Wei Wen and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1550–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.146

• collected using a Rigaku D/max-3B diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.154056 nm), operated at 40 kV, 40 mA. The Raman spectra in the range 2000–100 cm−1 were obtained using an Almega dispersive Raman system (Nicolet) and a Nd:YAG intracavity doubled laser operating at 532 nm with an incident power of

Room-temperature single-photon emitters in titanium dioxide optical defects

• Kelvin Chung,
• Yu H. Leung,
• Chap H. To,
• Aleksandra B. Djurišić and
• Snjezana Tomljenovic-Hanic

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1085–1094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.100

• section “Results and Discussion”, it is preferable to obtain a clear indication of deposited nanopowder on the substrate. Confocal microscopy Figure 1 is a schematic of the scanning confocal microscope used to investigate the TiO2 defects. The samples were illuminated by a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser

Electro-optical interfacial effects on a graphene/π-conjugated organic semiconductor hybrid system

• Karolline A. S. Araujo,
• Luiz A. Cury,
• Matheus J. S. Matos,
• Thales F. D. Fernandes,
• Luiz G. Cançado and
• Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 963–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.90

• system were done at different temperatures using a liquid He immersion cryostat and temperature controller. The sample excitation was performed using a 355 nm line from a pulsed Nd:YAG laser and the PL detection was made by an Andor spectrometer. Ab initio calculations First-principles calculations were

Temperature-tunable lasing from dye-doped chiral microdroplets encapsulated in a thin polymeric film

• Gia Petriashvili,
• Mauro Daniel Luigi Bruno,
• Maria Penelope De Santo and
• Riccardo Barberi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 379–383, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.37

• these microstructures, the emulsion is confined in a cuvette and pumped with the second harmonic of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (Continuum Surelite II). The pulse wavelength, width and repetition rate are 532 nm, 4 ns and 5 Hz, respectively. The pulse energy density is 6 mJ/cm2. The cuvette is placed on a

• visible. Laser emission as a function of temperature is studied confining the film inside the heating stage. The thin film is optically pumped using the second harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser and the emitted laser spectrum is recorded (Figure 6). The optical fiber that collects the laser emission is placed off

• wavelength, measurements acquired at 28 °C (black solid line), at 40 °C (red dashed line) and at 46 °C (green dashed line), respectively. Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Prof. Gabriella Cipparrone and Dr. Raul Josuè Hernandez for the use of the Nd:YAG laser and Dr. Alfredo Mazzulla for the useful

Growth model and structure evolution of Ag layers deposited on Ge films

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Jakub Kierdaszuk and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 66–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.9

• introduce additional errors originating from different reflection at air/glass and silver/glass interfaces. Raman spectra were recorded using Renishaw invia RE04 spectrometer equipped with an excitation source of Nd:YAG laser operating at 532 nm wavelength. Laser spot of 1.5 μm diameter was obtained by

Laser-assisted fabrication of gold nanoparticle-composed structures embedded in borosilicate glass

• Nikolay Nedyalkov,
• Mihaela Koleva,
• Nadya Stankova,
• Rosen Nikov,
• Mitsuhiro Terakawa,
• Yasutaka Nakajima,
• Lyubomir Aleksandrov and
• Reni Iordanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2454–2463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.244

• irradiating the glass by nanosecond and femtosecond laser pulses over a wide range of fluences and number of applied pulses. The irradiation by nanosecond laser pulses (emitted by a Nd:YAG laser system) induced defect formation, expressed by brown coloration of the glass sample, only at a wavelength of 266 nm

• parameters and the optical response was studied. In the nanosecond pulse case, we employed a Nd:YAG laser systems (Lotis) operating at four wavelengths – 1064 nm, 532 nm, 355 nm and 266 nm, with a pulse duration of 12 ns. The laser light was focused by a fused silica lens with a focal length of 200 mm. The

• nanoparticles in glass samples, we irradiated the samples with four wavelengths emitted by the Nd:YAG nanosecond laser. For each wavelength, a different laser fluence and number of pulses were used. In the 266 nm wavelength case, a clear change of the glass color was visible to the naked eye, namely, the

Au nanostructure fabrication by pulsed laser deposition in open air: Influence of the deposition geometry

• Rumen G. Nikov,
• Anna Og. Dikovska,
• Nikolay N. Nedyalkov,
• Georgi V. Avdeev and
• Petar A. Atanasov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2438–2445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.242

• material was deposited on quartz substrates. The laser ablation was performed using an Nd:YAG laser system (Lotis LS-2147) operating at a wavelength of 355 nm with a pulse duration of 15 ns and a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The PLD experiments were carried out in air at atmospheric pressure. The angle

Laser processing of thin-film multilayer structures: comparison between a 3D thermal model and experimental results

• Babak B. Naghshine and
• Amirkianoosh Kiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1749–1759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.176

• substrate were processed by nanosecond Nd:YAG laser pulses and the experimental and numerical results were compared to each other. The results show that applying a thin film on the surface can completely change the temperature field and vary the shape of the heat affected zone. The findings of this paper

• coating and were directly used for laser processing. Laser processing of thin-film structures All the specimens were processed by an neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) nanosecond laser system (Bright Solutions SOL-20). Frequency and power can be directly controlled by changing the level of

Development of a nitrogen-doped 2D material for tribological applications in the boundary-lubrication regime

• Shende Rashmi Chandrabhan,
• Velayudhanpillai Jayan,
• Somendra Singh Parihar and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1476–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.147

• the range of 2θ = 5° to 2θ = 90° using a Rigaku X-ray diffractometer. Raman scattering spectra of graphite, GO and N-rGO were collected by using a WITec Raman spectrometer equipped with Nd:YAG laser (λ = 532 nm). The surface morphology of the sample was analyzed by using field-emission scanning

Laser irradiation in water for the novel, scalable synthesis of black TiO_x photocatalyst for environmental remediation

• Massimo Zimbone,
• Giuseppe Cacciato,
• Mohamed Boutinguiza,
• Vittorio Privitera and
• Maria Grazia Grimaldi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 196–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.21

• samples have a surface area of 0.7 cm2. The synthesis of platinum nanoparticles (PtNps) was performed by pulsed laser ablation in liquid by irradiating a Pt metal foil (Sigma Aldrich, purity 99%) with a Nd:YAG laser (Giant G790-30) at 1064 nm (10 ns pulse duration, 10 Hz repetition rate). The laser was