One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• amorphous layer (Ar/H2 ≈59, Figure 4d, right panel). Raman spectroscopy was performed to determine the quality (defect density, defect type, and hybridization) of the deposited Pt/CNW layers. All samples produced at sufficiently high pressures and low carrier gas flow rates exhibit the typical spectrum

• Information File 1). Characterization The morphology of the resulting samples was investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM; Inspect F and Helios 600 NanoLab DualBeam, FEI Deutschland GmbH). Raman spectroscopy was performed with green laser excitation (532 nm) in a Renishaw confocal inVia Raman

• percent) determined by XPS. For this, two GCEs were placed close to each other and coated with Pt/CNW in the same process. Afterward, both GCEs were compared to each other via SEM, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS. If the two GCEs were found to be almost identical (in terms of wall density, defect number/type

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• synthesized material were investigated using electron diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It was shown that the morphology of the reaction product strongly depends on the amount of OH− ions in the reaction mixture, varying from Fe3O4 nanorods to spherical Fe3O4 nanoparticles

• identified using electron diffraction and confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Diffraction data combined with HRTEM micrographs showed that magnetite nanorods are single crystalline and have no preferred crystallographic orientation along the rod axis. We propose that the formation of such cylindrical structures

• diffraction patterns were performed using Origin 8.5. To calculate the area and FWHM, the peaks were fitted by Gaussian functions. Raman spectroscopy The crystalline structure and phase composition of the iron oxide nanoparticles were investigated using a Horiba Jobin Yvon micro-Raman spectrometer (LabRam

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

• Yuko Matsukawa,
• Fabian Linsenmann,
• Maximilian A. Plass,
• George Hasegawa,
• Katsuro Hayashi and
• Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

• carbonized at 1000 or 1600 °C for 2 h in a stream of argon gas (1 L min−1). The carbon samples derived from RF gels (RF carbons) were labeled with the carbonization temperature, namely RF-1000 and RF-1600. Characterization Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and Raman spectroscopy were employed to

Revealing the local crystallinity of single silicon core–shell nanowires using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Marius van den Berg,
• Ardeshir Moeinian,
• Arne Kobald,
• Yu-Ting Chen,
• Anke Horneber,
• Steffen Strehle,
• Alfred J. Meixner and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1147–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.99

• , Germany 10.3762/bjnano.11.99 Abstract Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is combined with polarization angle-resolved spectroscopy to investigate the nanometer-scale structural properties of core–shell silicon nanowires (crystalline Si core and amorphous Si shell), which were synthesized by platinum

• of the Raman peaks of crystalline Si and amorphous Si by applying tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, at sample positions being 8 nm apart. The local crystallinity revealed using confocal Raman spectroscopy and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy agrees well with the high-resolution transmission electron

• local structural properties of Si nanomaterials at the sub-10 nanometer scale using tip-enhanced Raman techniques. Keywords: core–shell nanowires; local crystallinity; polarization angle-resolved spectroscopy; silicon; tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Introduction The properties of silicon are long

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• nanoparticles) were developed to rapidly detect and inhibit pathogenic microorganisms [59]. By using the label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy technique, the authors demonstrated that the optical fingerprints can be used to sense bacterial cell molecular structures and to promote recyclable

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• microscopy (EM), iron oxide magnetic beads for the separation of cells and molecules, gold and silver nanoparticles as fiducials for EM, for immuno-EM labeling and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, or for gene transfection, liposomes for drug delivery, and gadolinium or iron oxide nanoparticles for

Integrated photonics multi-waveguide devices for optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy: design, fabrication and performance demonstration

• Gyllion B. Loozen,
• Arnica Karuna,
• Mohammad M. R. Fanood,
• Erik Schreuder and
• Jacob Caro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 829–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.68

• International B.V., P.O. Box 456, 7500 AL, Enschede, Netherlands 10.3762/bjnano.11.68 Abstract We realized integrated photonics multi-waveguide devices for optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy of particles in a fluid. In these devices, multiple beams directed towards the device center lead to a local field

• the influence of surfaces. We report the design (including simulations), fabrication and performance demonstration for multi-waveguide devices, using our Si3N4 waveguiding platform as the basis. The designed ridge waveguides, optimized for trapping and Raman spectroscopy, emit narrow beams. Multiple

• waveguides. Keywords: Brownian motion; integrated optics devices; lab-on-a-chip; optical trapping; nanofabrication; Raman spectroscopy; ridge waveguides; Introduction Photonic lab-on-a-chip (LOC) techniques strongly attract attention for the manipulation and measurement of biological particles such as

Templating effect of single-layer graphene supported by an insulating substrate on the molecular orientation of lead phthalocyanine

• K. Priya Madhuri,
• Abhay A. Sagade,
• Pralay K. Santra and
• Neena S. John

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 814–820, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.66

• (111), Si and SiO2. Detailed studies using Raman spectroscopy and 2D-GIXRD show ordered monoclinic and triclinic moieties on HOPG and Si substrates, respectively, while the Au(111) surface gives rise to disordered fractions due to the absence of long-range ordering [9][26]. In the present study, the

Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional layered WSe₂ for gauging evolution of phonon dynamics

• Avra S. Bandyopadhyay,
• Chandan Biswas and
• Anupama B. Kaul

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 782–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.63

• electronic, optoelectronic and thermoelectric devices in the future. Keywords: phonon concentration; phonon lifetime; Raman spectroscopy; thermal coefficients; Tungsten diselenide; two-dimensional material; Introduction Since the discovery of graphene, atomically thin two-dimensional layered materials have

• analyzed as a function of P. Najmaei et al. [45] have analyzed the laser-induced thermal effects in 1L MoS2 and with increasing thickness approaching the bulk by means of Raman spectroscopy. Here, for the first time, we report on the variation of the and A1g modes for 1L, ML and bulk WSe2 crystallites as

• power P at T = 298 K. (a) Raman spectroscopy of 1L WSe2 obtained for P in the range of 0.31 mW to 3.35 mW. (b) The Δωp of the and A1g (inset) Raman active modes for 1L WSe2 with increasing P. The corresponding error bars calculated from the standard deviation (1σ) of the Raman shifts in and A1g are

Exfoliation in a low boiling point solvent and electrochemical applications of MoO₃

• Matangi Sricharan,
• Bikesh Gupta,
• Sreejesh Moolayadukkam and
• H. S. S. Ramakrishna Matte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 662–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.52

• + in the presence of UV light. This was further confirmed using Raman spectroscopy and UV–vis spectroscopy (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5). The Raman spectra of bulk and exfoliated MoO3 in 2-butanone, IPA and an IPA/H2O mixture are shown in Figure 2e. Bulk and exfoliated MoO3 in 2-butanone

Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon

• Hyung Jun An,
• Jong Min Park,
• Nazmul Abedin Khan and
• Sung Hwa Jhung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 597–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.47

• on the enrichment of carbon (or successive removal of heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen) with increasing pyrolysis temperature [42][43]. The best adsorbent (vide infra) KOH-900 was analyzed further with Raman spectroscopy. As shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1, KOH-900 is

Nanoarchitectonics: bottom-up creation of functional materials and systems

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 450–452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.36

• TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles exhibit distinct and useful properties [35]. Other examples include a self-assembled MoS2-based composite that was developed for energy conversion and storage purposes [36], a silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite that was applied for surface-enhanced Raman

• spectroscopy [37], bio-nanocomposites with clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices [38], a biomimetic nanofluidic diode with polymeric carbon nitride nanotubes [39], and a unique Janus-micromotor applied as a luminescence sensor for sensitive TNT detection [40]. The variety of nanoarchitectonics

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• -enhanced Raman spectroscopy [4]. Ion beam formation of nanoscale ripples has emerged as a versatile method to imprint uniaxial magnetic anisotropy [5] and to control the magnetic texture of thin films [6]. Formation of self-assembled surface nanoripple structures by monoatomic off-normal ion irradiation

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• with regard to the relationship between meso- and macroporosity and the sp2-hybridized atomic structure, the latter being determined by the carbon source. Based on porosity analysis (Hg porosimetry and physisorption), small-angle neutron scattering, wide-angle X-ray scattering and Raman spectroscopy we

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• method of Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller in a relative pressure range of p/p0 0.01 to 0.3. The ratio of micropore surface area to external surface area was calculated by the t-plot method (thickness curve: carbon black STSA, fitted thickness range: 0.4–0.6 nm). Raman spectroscopy measurements were

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• nanoparticles are formed in the internal cavities and pile-ups of cavities. Raman spectroscopy of the hierarchical Ag/Cu substrates Microstructure optimization with different machining parameters The AgNO3 solution corrosion time and different machining parameters have a significant influence on the performance

• of copper is higher than the hierarchical substrate on the copper plane. Raman spectroscopy of malachite green molecules on hierarchical SERS substrates Malachite green (MG) is commonly used in food and biological dyes and is one of the most common bactericides in aquaculture. However, malachite

• experiment, EDX/SEM (Zeiss, Germany) was employed to demonstrate that silver was generated on the copper surface. The micro-Raman spectroscopy system (Renishaw, inVia, UK) was equipped with a 532 nm laser and focused with a 50× objective lens. The incident optical power was set to 0.6 mW and the beam

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• phase composition were characterized by XRD (Rigaku Ultima IV, θ-2θ, Cu Kα1 λ = 1.5406 Å, 40 kV, 40 mA, step 0.02°, 5° min−1, Si strip detector D/teX Ultra) and Raman spectroscopy (Horiba Labram HR 800, backscattering mode, ≈143 µW µm−2). The elemental composition of glass/ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3 samples and

Multiwalled carbon nanotube based aromatic volatile organic compound sensor: sensitivity enhancement through 1-hexadecanethiol functionalisation

• Nadra Bohli,
• Meryem Belkilani,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2364–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.227

• attachment of 1-hexadecanethiol on the Au-MWCNT sensor layer. The corresponding S–H stretch vibration mode band is found at 2360 cm−1 [27][28][29][30]. Moreover, other techniques were used for thiol monolayer characterisation. In previous work [31][32], different thiol chains were characterized by Raman

• spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements. In summary, the obtained FTIR results confirm the covalent functionalisation of Au-decorated MWCNTs with HDT. Sensing results Au-MWCNT sensing of aromatic VOCs Figure 4 shows the response of the Au-MWCNT sensor to benzene and

Integration of sharp silicon nitride tips into high-speed SU8 cantilevers in a batch fabrication process

• Nahid Hosseini,
• Matthias Neuenschwander,
• Oliver Peric,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Jonathan D. Adams and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2357–2363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.226

• ], high-resolution electrochemical and nanoelectrical imaging [7][8], Raman spectroscopy [9], nanoindentation [10], nanomechanical machining [11], plasmonic applications [12][13] and microscale grapping [14]. In parallel with the development of AFM cantilevers made out of traditional materials (e.g

A novel all-fiber-based LiFePO₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ battery with self-standing nanofiber membrane electrodes

• Li-li Chen,
• Hua Yang,
• Mao-xiang Jing,
• Chong Han,
• Fei Chen,
• Xin-yu Hu,
• Wei-yong Yuan,
• Shan-shan Yao and
• Xiang-qian Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2229–2237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.215

• and Li5Ti4O12 fibers in Figure 4 reveals that the active particles are uniformly distributed on the surface of the fibers, in agreement with the SEM images. EDS analysis shows either Fe, C, P, and O or Ti, C, and O on the fibers. The fibers were further examined using XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The

Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

• Andrea Giaccherini,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Stefano Martinuzzi,
• Enrico Berretti,
• Werner Oberhauser,
• Alessandro Lavacchi,
• Giovanni Orazio Lepore,
• Giordano Montegrossi,
• Maurizio Romanelli,
• Antonio De Luca,
• Massimo Innocenti,
• Vanni Moggi Cecchi,
• Matteo Mannini,
• Antonella Buccianti and
• Francesco Di Benedetto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2073–2083, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.202

• of nanocrystalline kuramite by means of a simpler, greener and scalable solvothermal synthesis. We exploited a multianalytical characterization approach (X-ray diffraction, extended X-ray absorption fine structure, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and electronic

• microscopy (SEM), principal component analysis (PCA) of the wavelength dispersion spectroscopy (WDS) data, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and Raman spectroscopy. Materials and Methods Synthesis The reactants necessary for the three syntheses are: CuCl2·2H2O (Merck), ZnCl2 (Merck), SnCl2·2H2O (Riedel-de

• ][55]. Raman spectroscopy was performed with a He–Ne laser source emitting at 632.8 nm with a laser spot on the sample of about 10 μm2. The main reference for the positions of the Raman peaks is from the RRUFF database [56]. XAS measurements at Cu and Sn K-edge (8978.9 and 29200.1 eV, respectively

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

• Natalia E. Gervits,
• Andrey A. Gippius,
• Alexey V. Tkachev,
• Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
• Sergey S. Starchikov,
• Igor S. Lyubutin,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Alevtina S. Semkina and
• Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

• nanoparticles designed for use as MRI contrast media are precisely examined by a variety of methods: powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance (ZF-NMR) spectroscopy. TEM and XRD measurements reveal

• spectroscopy; MRI contrast agents; nanocrystalline materials; NMR spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; Introduction Nowadays, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are widely used in biology and medicine. A large number of studies [1][2][3][4] have shown different prospects of their use for sample preparation, in

• possibility of its transfer to production. Raman spectroscopy can also be used to discriminate nanoscale magnetite and maghemite. However, this method gives only qualitative information about the iron oxide structure and does not allow the number of Fe2+ and Fe3+ atoms or their positions to be determined

First principles modeling of pure black phosphorus devices under pressure

• Ximing Rong,
• Zhizhou Yu,
• Zewen Wu,
• Junjun Li,
• Bin Wang and
• Yin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1943–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.190

• orthorhombic semiconductor to a simple cubic metal with increasing pressure by performing in situ ADXRD and Raman spectroscopy with the assistance of a DAC apparatus. They also carried out first principles calculations to interpret the metallic behavior of BP under pressure. Pablo et al. investigated the

Facile synthesis of carbon nanotube-supported NiO//Fe₂O₃ for all-solid-state supercapacitors

• Shengming Zhang,
• Xuhui Wang,
• Yan Li,
• Xuemei Mu,
• Yaxiong Zhang,
• Jingwei Du,
• Guo Liu,
• Xiaohui Hua,
• Yingzhuo Sheng,
• Erqing Xie and
• Zhenxing Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1923–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.188

• characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy (JY-HR 800, 532 nm wavelength YAG laser). The element composition and chemical bonding of samples were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, PHI-5702, Mg KR X-ray, 1253.6 eV). The pore size distribution was measured by the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda method

Remarkable electronic and optical anisotropy of layered 1T’-WTe₂ 2D materials

• Qiankun Zhang,
• Rongjie Zhang,
• Jiancui Chen,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Chunhua An,
• Xiaodong Hu,
• Mingli Dong,
• Jing Liu and
• Lianqing Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1745–1753, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.170

• characterization the natural anisotropy of 1T’-WTe2. In this paper, we present a combined experimental and quantitative study on the anisotropic optical and electronic properties of mechanically isolated 1T’-WTe2. Through a systematic characterization including Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

• parameters to be a ≈ 3.49 Å and b ≈ 6.32 Å, respectively, which are in excellent agreement with a previous report [28]. In order to gain further information on the crystal structure, Raman spectroscopy was performed on 1T’-WTe2 nanosheets, as shown Figure 1d. All of the peak positions are consistent with

• photodetectors. Conclusion In summary, with the combination of XPS spectroscopy, HR-TEM, Raman spectroscopy, ADRDM and angle-resolved electrical measurements, we successfully revealed the in-plane optical and electrical anisotropy of 2D layered 1T’-WTe2. Furthermore, we presented the highly anisotropic