Tailoring the nanoscale morphology of HKUST-1 thin films via codeposition and seeded growth

• Landon J. Brower,
• Lauren K. Gentry,
• Amanda L. Napier and
• Mary E. Anderson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2307–2314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.230

• are advantageous for applications in which the MOF pores are utilized for analyte storage. Layer-by-layer (LBL) solution-phase deposition has been studied for the HKUST-1 system, which consists of Cu(II) ions and trimesic acid (TMA) [10], deposited onto a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on Au

• film [11][12]. For surMOF film growth via LBL deposition, it was found that temperature and surface chemistry (terminal functional group of SAM) control the crystal face growth of the crystallites on the substrate [11][12][15][16][17]. This provides some degree of control over roughness, particle size

• characterize samples, investigating surface morphology, surface roughness, and film thickness. Results and Discussion For this study of codeposition and seeded surMOF film growth, the MOF was anchored to the substrate by a SAM of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHDA), which was formed on a thermally deposited

Application of visible-light photosensitization to form alkyl-radical-derived thin films on gold

• Rashanique D. Quarels,
• Xianglin Zhai,
• Neepa Kuruppu,
• Jenny K. Hedlund,
• Ashley A. Ellsworth,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Jayne C. Garno and
• Justin R. Ragains

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1863–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.187

• –NHBoc films are disordered. The assertions that these films are disordered (thus, a crystalline, SAM-like film wherein hydrocarbon chains adopt an all-anti conformation is not present) and also have a thickness similar to or greater than the length of decyl and N-tert-butoxycarbonylaminodecyl radicals

Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors

• Tomasz Marszalek,
• Maciej Gazicki-Lipman and
• Jacek Ulanski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155

• cm2/V·s, was obtained for vacuum as a dielectric [38]. The deterioration of the dielectric/semiconductor interface was revealed to be due to charge trapping at that interface. This effect could be controlled by an application of self-assembly monolayers (SAM) that significantly reduce the number of

Nanotopographical control of surfaces using chemical vapor deposition processes

• Meike Koenig and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1250–1256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.126

• feed. Trujillo et al. produced polymeric nanostructures using colloidal lithography [12]. In this technique, two-dimensional self-assembled monolayer (SAM) arrays of colloidal nanoparticles serve as lithographic templates for “nanobowl” patterns in an initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) process

Triptycene-terminated thiolate and selenolate monolayers on Au(111)

• Jinxuan Liu,
• Martin Kind,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Daniel Käfer,
• Stefanie Winkler,
• Wenhua Zhang,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 892–905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.91

• reported, e.g., in electrochemistry [1][2], molecular electronics [1][2] and biocompatibility [1][2], to name only a few. Particularly interesting is the use of SAMs as templates for crystallographically oriented metal–organic framework (MOF) thin film growth [3]. The by far most intensely studied SAM

• nature of the backbones of the SAM-building molecules [1][4]. It is well-known that long-chained alkyl moieties [9] promote the formation of well-ordered thiolate monolayers on gold via van der Waals forces. Another example for highly crystalline monolayers are biphenyl [10][11][12] and terphenyl [13][14

• determination of crucial parameters like the complex refractive index of the SAM-forming molecule is not straightforward. The small amounts of the synthesized triptycene-based molecules did not allow for obtaining these parameters, thus making the use of estimated values necessary. In light of these

Template-controlled piezoactivity of ZnO thin films grown via a bioinspired approach

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Fabian Streb,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Zaklina Burghard and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 296–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.32

• -assembled monolayer and a sulfonate-terminated polyelectrolyte multilayer) on the deposition and therefore on the piezoelectric performance was investigated. While the low negative charge of the COOH-SAM is not able to support oriented attachment of the particles, the strongly negatively charged sulfonated

• water-free reaction solution. The first template is a carboxy-terminated SAM, the second consists of a PEL with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) as a top layer. The grown ZnO thin films are characterized with piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) to investigate the influence of the templates on the

• piezoelectric performance. Results and Discussion ZnO thin films were deposited from solution onto COOH-SAM and sulfonate-terminated PEL. The templates direct the film growth and influence the properties of the ZnO. For a better understanding of the interaction between the ZnO particles and the templates, we

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of self-assembled thiol monolayers and supported lipid membranes on thin anodic porous alumina

• Marco Salerno,
• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Barbara Salis and
• Silvia Dante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.8

• surfaces, we first functionalized the Au with self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of thiols, to provide the appropriate surface condition to allow SLB formation. SERS effect was tested and proved for each fabrication step of the system. Experimental tAPA fabrication and modification to achieve SERS-activity An

• unilamellar vesicles. Preparation of the Raman target analytes: SLBs The lipid vesicles were diluted to 0.5 g/L in the PBS buffer and vortexed immediately before use. The thiol SAM was incubated overnight with the lipid vesicle dispersion, to allow vesicle physisorption and fusion onto the substrate. The

• . The spectra of the thiols powder on flat Au, along with the respective molecular structures, are shown in Figure 2a. In Figure 2b the spectra of the SAM of the same thiols obtained after incubation on flat Au from 1 mM water solution for 2 h at RT are shown. The subsequent step was the deposition of

Optical absorption signature of a self-assembled dye monolayer on graphene

• Tessnim Sghaier,
• Sylvain Le Liepvre,
• Céline Fiorini,
• Ludovic Douillard and
• Fabrice Charra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 862–868, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.78

• types of depositions are reported: (i) drop casting of a droplet of a toluene solution containing the exact amount of molecules needed for a coverage of 0.45 molecule per nm2 (SAM 1) and (ii) dip-coating in a ca. 10−5 M solution in toluene followed by rinsing in toluene and ethanol (SAM 2). The

Efficient electron-induced removal of oxalate ions and formation of copper nanoparticles from copper(II) oxalate precursor layers

• Kai Rückriem,
• Sarah Grotheer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Paul Penner,
• André Beyer,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 852–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.77

• , Bielefeld University, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.7.77 Abstract Copper(II) oxalate grown on carboxy-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAM) using a step-by-step approach was used as precursor for the electron-induced synthesis of surface-supported copper nanoparticles. The precursor

• to eliminate water vapor and carbon dioxide. Background spectra were recorded on a MUA SAM. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS was conducted at the Bielefeld University in a multi-technique UHV instrument (Multiprobe, Omicron Nanotechnology). Samples were stored under argon atmosphere in sealed

• MUA SAM (Figure 4a). The grain boundaries between the gold crystallites are clearly visible and the facets are smooth and free of apparent defects. An image of a sample covered with copper(II) oxalate after 16 deposition cycles (Figure 4b) reveals that the material grows as needle-like structures

Unraveling the neurotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: focusing on molecular mechanisms

• Bin Song,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Jia Liu,
• Xiaoli Feng,
• Ting Zhou and
• Longquan Shao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 645–654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.57

• , wherein a methyl group (-CH3) from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is transferred to the 5-position of cytosines, in certain CpG dinucleotides, by a family of DNA methyltransferase enzymes (DNMTs). The DNMTs can be classified into three major types based on their different structures and functions, DNMT1

Cantilever bending based on humidity-actuated mesoporous silica/silicon bilayers

• Christian Ganser,
• Gerhard Fritz-Popovski,
• Roland Morak,
• Parvin Sharifi,
• Benedetta Marmiroli,
• Barbara Sartori,
• Heinz Amenitsch,
• Thomas Griesser,
• Christian Teichert and
• Oskar Paris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 637–644, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.56

• coating on one side. The cantilevers were immersed in 2 M NaOH aqueous solution for 40 min, rinsed with ethanol and dried in a flow of inert gas (N2 or CO2). In the next step, the gold coating of the cantilever was hydrophobized using self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of dodecanethiol (≥98%, 471364-100ML

Investigating organic multilayers by spectroscopic ellipsometry: specific and non-specific interactions of polyhistidine with NTA self-assembled monolayers

• Ilaria Solano,
• Pietro Parisse,
• Ornella Cavalleri,
• Federico Gramazio,
• Loredana Casalis and
• Maurizio Canepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 544–553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.48

• the adsorption of His6 on the Ni-free NTA layer, due to non specific interactions, from the formation of a neatly thicker His6 film induced by the Ni(II)-loading of the NTA SAM. Keywords: His-tag; nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA); protein binding; self-assembled monolayers (SAMs); spectroscopic

• the SAM and to the S–Au interface region [46] as well as to identify fingerprints of molecular UV–vis absorptions [47][48], with sub-monolayer sensitivity. In a very recent work we successfully combined our approach with thickness determination based on AFM measurements exploiting smart

• to explore the variation of film thickness after convenient stages of the process as well as to detect spectral features that could be eventually related to the specific NTA–Ni(II)–His6 interaction. The SE investigation has been usefully complemented by AFM measurements based on SAM nanolitography

Contact-free experimental determination of the static flexural spring constant of cantilever sensors using a microfluidic force tool

• John D. Parkin and
• Georg Hähner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 492–500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.43

• the cantilever as a function of fluid velocity was recorded by reading out the photodiode signal of the AFM with a self-coded LabVIEW routine via a signal access module (SAM-V, Bruker, CA, USA) and an external interface (USB-6251, National Instruments). The power spectral density of the thermal noise

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

• formation of two-dimensional crystal structures with a hexagonal arrangement of the adsorbed molecules on gold with a shortest intermolecular distance (lattice constant) of 8.7 Å (Figure 8). This distance allows for electroactive headgroups, which are linked to the SAM of adamantane tripods in the 1

• of these tripods via almost all three sulfur legs was also confirmed by electrochemical reductive desorption experiments of the SAM of 17, where the observed electric charge providing information on the surface concentration of the adsorbed molecules was in good agreement with the expected surface

• coverage, while the SAMs of 4-halophenyl derivatives 18 showed a somewhat smaller total reductive charge (ca. 70%). Also, the reduction peak potential of the SAM of 17 was shifted toward negative values compared with the SAMs of 18, which was attributed to a strong bounding of the tripodal structure

High-bandwidth multimode self-sensing in bimodal atomic force microscopy

• Michael G. Ruppert and
• S. O. Reza Moheimani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 284–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.26

• cantilever holder to mount the piezoelectric cantilever used in this work. The signal access module (SAM) of the AFM provides the relevant inputs and outputs to change the feedback signal from the OBD sensor measurement to charge measurement. Approach and retract curves as well as all AFM imaging data were

Case studies on the formation of chalcogenide self-assembled monolayers on surfaces and dissociative processes

• Yongfeng Tong,
• Tingming Jiang,
• Azzedine Bendounan,
• Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh Harish,
• Angelo Giglia,
• Stefan Kubsky,
• Fausto Sirotti,
• Luca Pasquali,
• Srinivasan Sampath and
• Vladimir A. Esaulov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 263–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.24

• characteristics of molecular adsorption. Furthermore, there is currently much interest in nanostructured metal chalcogenides and ultrathin films, and in this context, this data is also of significant relevance. In this progress report, we discuss recent work performed mainly in our groups on chalcogen SAM

• observes two doublets with the S 2p components located at about 162 eV and 163.1 eV. The former corresponds to thiolate sulfur (bound to Au) and the latter to the sulfur of the “free” SH end group on the top of an upright SAM. In the case of Cu at the lowest exposure, a strong component at 161.4 eV is

• dealing with C6DT dissociation and formation of a PdSe interface, possibly with molecular adsorption on this interface layer. Alkaneselenide and Se on Ni The study of thiol and selenol SAM adsorption on Pd was extended here to the study of C6DSe adsorption on Ni and complemented by an investigation of Se

Mismatch detection in DNA monolayers by atomic force microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Maryse D. Nkoua Ngavouka,
• Pietro Capaldo,
• Elena Ambrosetti,
• Giacinto Scoles,
• Loredana Casalis and
• Pietro Parisse

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 220–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.20

• , the AFM tip is scanned at high load (approx. 100 nN) over the TOEG6 SAM, operating in a buffer solution (10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, (hereafter TE), 1 M NaCl, pH 7.1) containing 5 μM thiolated ssDNA oligonucleotides. The applied load is sufficient to displace the TOEG6 molecules from the gold surface

• on gold [23][29]. Initially the electrodes were wetted for 10 min with a drop of a high-ionic-strength buffer, TE 1 M NaCl, containing 1 μM thiolated ssDNA. In this way a low-density ssDNA SAM (about 2 × 1012 to 3 × 1012 molecules/cm2) was obtained [29]. After DNA-functionalization the devices were

• 25 bases-long ssDNA sequences, HS-SNP-C and HS-SNP-T (see Table 1) differing from one cytosine vs one thymine. We produced by nanografting patches of each of the two ssDNA sequences into 1 μm2 areas in the biorepellent TOEG6 SAM, using the same grafting parameters (Figure 2a). After grafting, the

Controlled graphene oxide assembly on silver nanocube monolayers for SERS detection: dependence on nanocube packing procedure

• Martina Banchelli,
• Bruno Tiribilli,
• Roberto Pini,
• Luigi Dei,
• Paolo Matteini and
• Gabriella Caminati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.2

• AgNC. Sisco and Murphy [47] studied AuNCs electrostatically immobilized on 4-MBA SAM and obtained a NC surface density ranging from 5.5 to 22 cubes/μm2 with larger fraction of aggregated structures at higher surface densities (≈51%). Wang et al. [48] studied the formation of AgNC arrays by the dropping

Template-controlled mineralization: Determining film granularity and structure by surface functionality patterns

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Jonathan Berson,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Johannes Baier,
• Joachim Bill and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1763–1768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.180

• potential of the amino-functionalized SAM is charged slightly positive during the reaction [28][29] due to protonation of the amino groups (–NH3+) at this pH. Additionally, a Stern layer is present, which is formed by negatively charged counterions [29][30]. The particles in solution can interact with these

• regions of different polarities and surface energies on the deposition of thin ZnO-containing films was investigated. The positively charged amino-functionalized surface areas lead to a homogenous film with low roughness. The use of an uncharged hydrophobic SAM molecule (FDTS) supports the formation of

• the spin-coating chamber (approximately 1 L volume) at a flow rate of approximately 40 standard cubic centimeters per minute (40 sccm). Fabrication of SAM templates After spin coating, the polymer films were treated with acetic acid where PMMA was selectively dissolved. The silicon samples were rinsed

Imaging of carbon nanomembranes with helium ion microscopy

• André Beyer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Robin Klett,
• Hanno Meyer zu Theenhausen,
• Polina Angelova and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1712–1720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.175

• (CNMs) prepared from aromatic self-assembled monolayers constitute a recently developed class of 2D materials. They are made by a combination of self-assembly, radiation-induced cross-linking and the detachment of the cross-linked SAM from its substrate. CNMs can be deposited on arbitrary substrates

• nanomembrane; helium ion microscopy; self-assembled monolayers; Introduction Carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) are extremely thin and homogeneous two-dimensional objects consisting of a monolayer of laterally cross-linked molecules. They are made by exposing a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of aromatic molecules

• with electron [1] or soft X-ray irradiation [2], which results in the cross-linking of neighbouring molecules into a CNM of molecular thickness. The CNM is then released from its substrate by dissolving the latter [3]. The thickness, chemical composition, and density of the original SAM determine the

Polymer blend lithography for metal films: large-area patterning with over 1 billion holes/inch²

• Cheng Huang,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1205–1211, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.123

• metal polymer blend lithography (metal PBL). The polymer blend lithography was applied in our earlier reports to fabricate self-assembled monolayer (SAM) patterns (monolayer PBL) [21], which were used, e.g., for the selective growth of ZnO nanostructures [22]. Instead of silicon wafers, other materials

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• dopamine and its intermediates (dopamine-quinone, 5,6-dihydroxyindole, etc.), of SI polymerization and of adsorption of the resulting polymer molecules resulted in a 15.2 ± 0.5 nm thick confluent PDA layer. Despite the precautions taken during the APTES deposition for the formation of the SAM [21] (freshly

• for the APTES siloxane and of 38 nm for PDA anchor layers. While such a pronounced surface topography is considered to be an inherent characteristic of the PDA films [34][53], the presence of such surface objects on APTES layers is rarely discussed. However, even in the case when a APTES SAM was

Entropy effects in the collective dynamic behavior of alkyl monolayers tethered to Si(111)

• Christian Godet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 583–594, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.60

• spectroscopy; dipolar relaxation; entropy; gauche defect; organic monolayer; Introduction Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) and organic molecular layers (OML) have attracted great interest over the past two decades because surface functionalization offers great flexibility for a molecular-level control of

A scanning probe microscope for magnetoresistive cantilevers utilizing a nested scanner design for large-area scans

• Tobias Meier,
• Alexander Förste,
• Ali Tavassolizadeh,
• Karsten Rott,
• Dirk Meyners,
• Roland Gröger,
• Günter Reiss,
• Eckhard Quandt,
• Thomas Schimmel and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 451–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.46

• materials is observable and the holes in the FDTS-SAM are visible as bright spots in the phase signal. As the phase contrast on this sample system is higher, we altered the feedback and scanned the same sample in a frequency modulation mode [66]. Thereby, the resonance frequency of the cantilever was

• step-edges on gold(111) terraces can be revealed by amplitude modulation imaging with the feedback on the TMR sensor. Dynamic mode imaging of FDTS-SAM samples using a TMR sensor with the feedback on amplitude and phase. a) Amplitude modulation mode imaging of FDTS-SAM in SiOx with a TMR sensor. On this

• samples, phase-locked frequency modulation AFM is advantageous and can reveal the topography of the sample. As the cantilevers resonance frequency is fed back to the driving signal by an additional loop, the phase contrast vanishes and is constant at 90°, while the topography with the holes in the SAM is

High-frequency multimodal atomic force microscopy

• Adrian P. Nievergelt,
• Jonathan D. Adams,
• Pascal D. Odermatt and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2459–2467, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.255

• implemented by using a commercial controller (Nanoscope 5, Bruker) in combination with a digital high-frequency multifunction instrument (UHFLI, Zurich Instruments, Zurich, Switzerland), interfaced via a signal access module (SAM III, Bruker). The scan generation and data acquisition is handled by the AFM