Eco-efficient materials for agricultural crops based on a mineral rich in MOR- and HEU-type zeolites

• Esperanza Yamile de la Nuez-Pantoja,
• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Gerardo Rodríguez-Fuentes,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• Ariel Martínez García,
• José Juan Calvino Gámez and
• Daniel Goma Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 381–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.26

• carrying nutrients (N, P, and K) for agricultural crops. The mineral matrix provides important elements such as K and Si, while N and P were incorporated into the material by treatment with ammonium hydrogenphosphate and urea. The presence of superficially adsorbed PO43−, NH4+ exchanged in zeolites, and

• ) and other elements (Si) important for agricultural crops. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of the interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus species on this complex multiphase zeolitic carrier, applying Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron

• ) are essential macronutrients for agricultural crops [31]. CLIM also contains large amounts of other beneficial elements, such as Si, whose positive effect on crops and soil is widely recognized [12]. FTIR studies of natural zeolite modified with DAP The FTIR spectra (Figure 1) of CLIM and CLIMf (CLIM

Ferroelectric nanodot reservoir for neuromorphic computing

• Anna Razumnaya,
• Yuri Tikhonov,
• Dmitrii Naidenko,
• Léo Boron,
• Valerii Vinokur and
• Igor Lukyanchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 352–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.24

• orientation, either “up” or “down”, denoted as mi = ±1. The corresponding bound charges on the surfaces of the nanodots are equal to Qbi = miPsSi, where Si is the cross-sectional area of the i-th nanodot. The total free charge, Q = ±ΣiPsSimi ± Qe, redistributes over the electrodes to maintain equipotentiality

• . The local coercive field at site i is expressed as: where Qci is the site-specific coercive charge. This introduces an additional layer of dynamic complexity into the system. To illustrate the reservoir behavior, consider a simplified case: All nanodots have equal area Si = S/N, but different coercive

Interconnection morphology effects on the radio frequency response of carbon nanotube sponges

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Javad Rezvani,
• Zeno Zuccari,
• Mattia Scagliotti and
• Simone Tocci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 343–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.23

• from the as-grown CNS sample and the film of MWCNTs grown on a Si substrate as comparison (Figure 1). We observed that both samples have a resonance peak; for the CNT film, it is S11 = −23.0 dB at 4.40 GHz, and for the CNS sample, it is S11 = −22.6 dB at 4.78 GHz. The result found for the MWCNT film is

• using a laser with a wavelength of 532 nm and a power of approximately 15 mW. The photon energy was calibrated using a Si reference. The measurements were performed using a monochromator with 1800 lines·mm−1. The laser power was optimised to prevent laser-induced damage. XPS surface analysis studies

• S11 plot of the CNS sample (green line) and the MWCNT film grown on Si substrate (blue line). Inset: enlarged view of the same spectra in the region centred around 4.6 GHz. S11 reflection spectra collected on the as-grown CNS sample (green line) and acquired at different times after ethanol (EtOH

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

• air-related formula is often used, but complemented by an empirical correction factor to account for liquid effects as proved by Intartaglia et al. for Si NP production with a picosecond laser [138] and Kanitz et al. for Fe NP production with femtosecond laser [20]. Up to now, control of the fluence

• . have demonstrated that the optical properties of Si/Au NPs, their structure, as well as their chemical composition can be modified by defocusing [143]. Defocusing 0.5 mm inside the target led to enhanced chemical stability of the colloids and increased concentration. Moreover, NP size control could be

Calculation of the dynamic stiffness of a cantilever under torsional oscillation

• Keita Nishida,
• Yuuki Yasui and
• Yoshiaki Sugimoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 303–308, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.21

• Keita Nishida Yuuki Yasui Yoshiaki Sugimoto Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.17.21 Abstract Atomic force microscopy using Si cantilevers provides an effective means for investigating both conservative and dissipative

Advancing nanolithography: a comprehensive review of materials for local anodic oxidation with AFM

• Matteo Lorenzoni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 275–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.19

• aims to highlight the capability of LAO to pattern two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene [20][21][22], hexagonal boron nitride [23] (hBN), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) [21][24][25][26][27], metals [18][28][29], as well as traditional semiconductors such as silicon (Si) [6][10][30

• grown oxide. Specifically, on Si, LAO-derived oxide exhibits a density of 2.05 g·cm−3, lower than the 2.27 g·cm−3 density of thermally oxidized silicon [43]. In the case of Si surfaces the chemical reaction leading to SiO2 formation is: In the case of SiC, carbon atoms are eliminated in the form of

• stress and trapped charges hinder further ion transport. Together, these effects progressively slow oxidation and ultimately halt growth [48]. This explains why local oxidation experiments on Si report maximum features below 10 nm, while oxide features grown on SiC (with different stoichiometry and

Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

• Perla Sánchez-López,
• Kendra Ramirez Acosta,
• Sergio Fuentes Moyado,
• Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava and
• Elena Smolentseva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18

• of copper and zinc in the functionalized textiles analyzed by EDS was nearly four times lower in comparison with Ag/CBV-600-bramante. This may be explained by non-homogeneous loading of nanomaterials on the textile, as also evidenced by SEM images. The Si/Al molar ratio for Y zeolite was 2.7, which

Comparative study on 3D morphologies of delignified, single tracheids and fibers of five wood species

• Helen Gorges,
• Felicitas von Usslar,
• Cordt Zollfrank,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Martin Müller,
• Clemens F. Schaber,
• Chuchu Li and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 239–250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.16

• tomography setup at the nanotomography endstation of beamline P05 of PETRA III at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY). The X-ray beam was monochromatized using a Si(111) double crystal monochromator at an energy of 11 keV with a Zernike phase contrast [29]. An X-ray sCMOS camera (Hamamatsu C12849-101U

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

• 530.8 and 533.5 eV, corresponding to [SiW9O34]10− lattice oxygen and rGO surface oxygenated groups. The broadness of the higher-energy peak suggests contributions from C–O and O=C–OH groups at lower binding energies, C=O and C–OH groups at higher binding energies, and minor contributions from W–O and Si

• –O bonds of the polyoxometalate stabilizer. These oxygen functionalities provide anchoring sites for AuNPs, enhancing their dispersion and stability on the rGO surface. No distinct Si 2p peak was observed, which can be attributed to the low surface concentration of Si and attenuation by the overlying

• AuNPs and carbon layers. Similar behavior has been reported in other Au–polyoxometalate systems where the W signal dominates and the Si 2p peak is below detection limits [45]. Collectively, these XPS results confirm that gold is predominantly metallic (Au0) and the rGO support contains functional groups

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

• minimal intervention. The claimed “labyrinth effect” and the strong adhesion were due to the Si–O–metal bonds, which impeded the penetration of corrosive ions, yielding suitable properties to consider the coating for long-term heritage bronze conservation and protection (Figure 6b). Several papers have

Quantitative estimation of nanoparticle/substrate adhesion by atomic force microscopy

• Aydan Çiçek,
• Markus Kratzer,
• Christian Teichert and
• Christian Mitterer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1–14, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.1

• NPs, deposited using different landing conditions, and a Si substrate. Cu NPs were synthesized via magnetron sputter inert gas condensation at different applied substrate bias voltages to vary their kinetic energy during landing at the substrate, thereby influencing their adhesion properties. AFM was

• adhesion forces. Experimental Synthesis of Cu nanoparticles Before deposition, single-crystalline Si(100) wafer substrates, with a thickness of around 500 µm and covered by a native oxide, were cleaned in an ultrasonic bath for 10 min with ethanol, followed by rinsing with isopropanol. Then, the substrates

• flux of the negatively charged NPs. It should be noted that also positively charged and neutral NPs contribute to the NP flux, which could not be detected by the positively charged mesh grid. Subsequently, NPs passing the QMF and the grid are deposited on the Si substrates, which are fixed on the

Terahertz-range on-chip local oscillator based on Josephson junction arrays for superconducting quantum-limited receivers

• Fedor V. Khan,
• Lyudmila V. Filippenko,
• Andrey B. Ermakov,
• Mikhail Yu. Fominsky and
• Valery P. Koshelets

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2296–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.158

• 9996 Nb/Si/Nb junctions was presented, capable of frequency tuning from 139 to 343 GHz, with a linewidth in the best points of less than 100 kHz. In the works by Uzawa et al. [29][36][37], generators and receivers based on one-dimensional arrays, where the JJs are spaced at λ/2, were investigated

Electromagnetic study of a split-ring resonator metamaterial with cold-electron bolometers

• Ekaterina A. Matrozova,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Leonid S. Revin and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2199–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.152

• incident from the H11 mode of the round waveguide port located behind the Si lens, simulating a realistic excitation source. The electric field of the incident wave is directed perpendicularly to the gaps in the receiving elements. The signal is received by an array of the proposed ring resonators. Two

Calibration of piezo actuators and systems by dynamic interferometry

• Knarik Khachatryan and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2086–2091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.143

• . The slight difference between the Si values corresponding to = 0 for frozen and active loops is a result of a slight change in the interferometer alignment during about 24 h elapsed between respective measurements. The differences between both values and Sprec are even larger as the precision

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• aliquot was drop-cast onto a clean SiO2/Si substrate and allowed to dry under ambient conditions. Imaging parameters All critical imaging parameters for the data presented in the figures are summarized in Table 2. The free oscillation amplitudes for the higher eigenmodes were selected independently under

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• were prepared accordingly [50]. For similar hydrolysis and condensation kinetics compared to the organosilane sol–gel precursors (see below), tetraisopropoxysilane (Si(OiPr)4) was used as a sol–gel precursor. After solvent exchange of the wet gel, supercritical drying with carbon dioxide delivered the

• physisorption measurements. NHxSIL was prepared by co-condensation of tetraalkyloxysilanes (e.g., Si(OMe)4) with a second sol–gel precursor such as aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTMS, (MeO)3SiPrNH2). One can control the amine content, x, by adjusting the ratio of the two precursors in the precursor sol. A

• material possessing 10% amine groups will be denoted NHx=0.1SIL (see the Experimental section and Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). Silsesquioxane compounds of the type R-Ph(Si(OiPr)3)2 with R = –COOH, –NH2, –N3, etc. have been used in our group for a long time to prepare various porous

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis

• Thomas Mathias,
• Roland Bennewitz and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1952–1962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.136

• data obtained from all material combinations evaluated in this study in each of the models. For example, Figure 4 shows that for soft materials, such as the Si–PDMS combination (silicon cantilever and PDMS substrate), all three models can be used to translate the oscillation frequency variation into a

• contact stiffness. However, for harder materials, such as Si–HOPG or diamond–Si, model 1 (Figure 1a(i)) has a frequency response in the dispersion curve that saturates at a reduced frequency (f1/f0) that is lower than the measured reduced frequency. We note that the PtSi–PEO combination showed a high

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• -organic precursors involves a series of steps that are crucial to ensure accurate and comprehensive results. These stages include: (1) Deposition of the precursor onto a Si(111) substrate through sublimation using previously established parameters [22][29][32][34]. This step allows for precise control of

• a more in-depth understanding of the proposed pathway for successful testing of the new potential FIBID precursors. The Fabrication of the Precursor Thin Layer The metal-organic precursors films for the FIB/SEM experiments were deposited by sublimation using a glassware sublimation apparatus. The Si

• C, O, F, and Si, as well as the Ag Lα map (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2–S4 for other precursors). In all cases, the maps show that the formed structures are enriched in metal. In the next step, the EDX data were processed by machine learning NMF as described in details in Jany and

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• the thermally limited regime ≪ , where Fmin ≃ . Achieving this limit can be especially challenging at cryogenic temperatures. Heritier et al. achieved a record force sensitivity of 0.16 aN/ using a Si nanoladder with Ωm/2π = 5.5 kHz and stiffness k = 6.5 µN/m at T = 100 mK [20]. AFM usually requires

• Si–N plate released from a Si substrate. The microwave superconducting lumped-element resonant circuit consists of an interdigital capacitor in series with a meandering nanowire inductor, both fabricated from a single layer of Nb–Ti–N deposited on the Si–N. The nanowire meanders across the clamping

• in the literature [28][29][30]. The main limitation to the internal quality factor of our microwave resonators is the highly disordered low-stress Si–N layer, which causes significant dielectric losses [31]. As discussed above, the figure of merit of a displacement detector should be evaluated with

Further insights into the thermodynamics of linear carbon chains for temperatures ranging from 13 to 300 K

• Alexandre Rocha Paschoal,
• Thiago Alves de Moura,
• Juan S. Rodríguez-Hernández,
• Carlos William de Araujo Paschoal,
• Yoong Ahm Kim,
• Morinobu Endo and
• Paulo T. Araujo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.125

• synthesized using arc discharge [53]. The purity of MWCNT regarding nanoparticles is ≈80% with average diameters of 10.4 nm (average length of 2.3 mm). The LCC@CNT filling ratio is ≈80% [53]. The samples were dispersed in acetone and sonicated for 2 h and then drop casted onto a Si wafer of ≈1 cm2 area. Raman

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• the exchange integral, the sign of which determines the type of interaction (ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic); and si and sj are spin vectors of individual atoms. Equation 6 provides a connection between the spatial and spin degrees of freedom of the system through the exchange integral in the form

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• annular profile formed using a combination of an axicon and a converging lens, and a Gaussian beam focused on the surface of a Si target using the same converging lens. In all the schemes, a nanosecond Nd3+:YAG laser with a pulse duration of 10 ns operating at its fundamental harmonic (1064 nm) was used

• morphology. The synthesized colloidal Si NPs are suggested for applications as a component of electrode materials in supercapacitors and batteries. Keywords: laser ablation; laser beams with Bessel, annular, Gaussian profiles; laser-induced modification; silicon nanoparticles; Introduction Silicon, due to

• become an emerging field of research [3][4][5][6][7]. The expanding application areas require silicon nanomaterials of different morphologies, including quantum dots, nanowires, and nanocrystalline films. Si nanowires, for example, are considered as a promising alternative to silicon electrodes in Li-ion

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• majority of the bound CySH is either coordinated to surface Fe through the amine, or possibly bound to 3,4-DHBA quinones through its thiol. The presence of a higher binding energy feature in the S 2p spectra at >166 eV is attributed to a Si 2s plasmon loss peak, derived from the Si substrate (Supporting

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• quenching, and the challenges of oxidation in nanoparticle synthesis. Cost-effective methods for modifying the surface characteristics of Si nanocrystals (Si-ncs) and BaTaOxNy perovskite particles using laser fragmentation are reported in [39] and [40], respectively. In particular, laser fragmentation in

• water successfully alters the surface properties of Si-ncs, making them hydrophilic and improving their dispersion in aqueous solutions, while also leading to the formation of self-organized networks. However, laser fragmentation of BaTaOxNy particles resulted not only in increased surface area but also

• the milling effect have been noted to impact particle formation and morphology (Figure 8), as evidenced by studies such as the generation of Si particles in ethanol [48]. Milling large particles into smaller ones improves their absorption properties and facilitates the formation of spherical NPs by