Charge transfer from and to manganese phthalocyanine: bulk materials and interfaces

• Florian Rückerl,
• Daniel Waas,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Martin Knupfer,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Francisc Haidu,
• Torsten Hahn and
• Jens Kortus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1601–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.160

• from inverse photoelectron spectroscopy, i.e., the unoccupied density of states. Comparison of valence band photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) data to those from density functional based calculations (DFT) for pure MnPc (lower panel) and the charge-transfer compound MnPc/F4TCNQ (upper panel). The

Energy-level alignment at interfaces between manganese phthalocyanine and C₆₀

• Daniel Waas,
• Florian Rückerl,
• Martin Knupfer and
• Bernd Büchner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 927–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.94

• energy shift towards lower binding energies of 1.87 eV (He Iβ) and 2.52 eV (He Iγ), respectively. To obtain the correct secondary-electron cutoff a sample bias of −5 eV was applied. The total energy resolution of the spectrometer was 0.35 eV for XPS and 0.15 eV for the UPS measurements. For our

Measuring adhesion on rough surfaces using atomic force microscopy with a liquid probe

• Juan V. Escobar,
• Cristina Garza and
• Rolando Castillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 813–825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.84

• type Fat = −A/D7 + B/D13, where A and B are constants. This leads to a complex force expression between actual probe and surface. The cantilever–surface interaction is described by means of three potentials: Utot = Ups(D) + Uc(δc) + Ud(δd), i.e., the potential between probe and sample, the elastic

Precise in situ etch depth control of multilayered III−V semiconductor samples with reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) equipment

• Ann-Kathrin Kleinschmidt,
• Lars Barzen,
• Johannes Strassner,
• Christoph Doering,
• Henning Fouckhardt,
• Wolfgang Bock,
• Michael Wahl and
• Michael Kopnarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1783–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.171

• techniques (as, e.g., reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED)), which might not be applicable in some set-ups. Recording a RAS color plot is time-consuming, i.e., monitoring a single RAS spectrum from 1.5–5.0 eV photon energy with a step size of 0.1 eV during reactive ion etching (the substrate

Filled and empty states of Zn-TPP films deposited on Fe(001)-p(1×1)O

• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Alberto Calloni,
• Rossella Yivlialin,
• Andrea Picone,
• Federico Bottegoni and
• Marco Finazzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1527–1531, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.146

• and unoccupied molecular levels by using ultraviolet photoemission (UPS) and inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES), respectively. A comparison between filled and empty states can help to reveal the creation and the value of an interface dipole, which shifts the sample vacuum energy level with

• clean substrate. At 3.6 eV, a quite large feature appears. Considering the observed energy shift of the Zn-TPP peaks between 1 ML and 20 ML structures [10], we attribute this structure to the Ph-LUMO state. From the data acquired with UPS and IPES measurements, the ionization energy (the difference

• of molecular oxygen followed by annealing at 630 °C, as reported in the literature [20][21]. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) was performed by exciting electrons out of the sample at normal emission with a UV radiation (hν = 21.2 eV) and detecting them by means of a 150 mm hemispherical

Surface roughness rather than surface chemistry essentially affects insect adhesion

• Matt W. England,
• Tomoya Sato,
• Makoto Yagihashi,
• Atsushi Hozumi,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Elena V. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1471–1479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.139

• measurements of different insects on surfaces with different surface energies were carefully compared [35]. No significant dependence of insect attachment forces on water CAs was shown in the five experiments recorded in the four studies compared. However, seven experimental set-ups from six different studies

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

• Claudia Messerschmidt,
• Daniel Hofmann,
• Anja Kroeger,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

Thermo-voltage measurements of atomic contacts at low temperature

• Ayelet Ofarim,
• Bastian Kopp,
• Thomas Möller,
• León Martin,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 767–775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.68

• -temperature set-ups. Methods Estimation of the laser spot size To estimate the diameter of the laser spot we used the knife edge technique. Thereby the laser spot is moved across a 36 µm wide (determined by optical microscope) stripe of gold while the reflected intensity is detected with a photodiode. Due to

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

• molecular excited states is reduced by a perpendicular arrangement and in electronic applications a perpendicular arrangement is required to separate the π-system from the substrate and to profit from the entire dimension of the molecule. While for most optical set-ups the perpendicular arrangement is the

• tetraphenylmethane tripods 31 bearing three selenocyanate or selenol arms as anchoring groups (Figure 12). CV, XPS and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) measurements of their monolayers on a gold surface were investigated and the results were compared with those obtained from the thiol-terminated

• analogues 32 (Figure 12) [39]. They found that all three selenol groups of the tripod are bound to gold surface and the selenol monolayer is electrochemically more stable than that with thiols. Furthermore, a comparative UPS study of the gold–thiol and gold–selenol tripodal interfaces showed that the charge

Single-molecule mechanics of protein-labelled DNA handles

• Vivek S. Jadhav,
• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Florian Wruck and
• Martin Hegner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 138–148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.16

• during translation was not very efficient. To overcome these problems the development of mechanically stable DHs with pre-labelled protein ends were required. The constructs should enable efficient single hook-ups with the biotinylated tag of the probed biomolecule (e.g., nascent protein chain). Here, we

• Figure 1d, we held DHs tethered to anti-DIG beads (3.4 µm diameter) in the pipette. Then, smaller anti-DIG beads (2.9 µm diameter) with PDHs were optically trapped to obtain hook-ups between the protein label and the biotin end of the molecule at the pipette-held bead. In Figure 1e the same configuration

Effects of electronic coupling and electrostatic potential on charge transport in carbon-based molecular electronic junctions

• Richard L. McCreery

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 32–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.4

• various probes such as UPS and inverse photoemission for molecular layers on surfaces [14][31][40][62][63], and photocurrents for intact molecular junctions [51][52]. Finally, the conjugated covalent bond between the aromatic π-systems of the carbon substrate and aromatic molecular layer is responsible

Self-organization of gold nanoparticles on silanated surfaces

• Htet H. Kyaw,
• Salim H. Al-Harthi,
• Azzouz Sellai and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2345–2353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.242

• sample 3. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) of AuNPs deposited on silanized glass substrates The UPS valence band spectra of the bare glass substrate, 1% (v/v) APTES deposited on glass substrate and AuNPs deposited on APTES-functionalized glass substrate are shown in Figure 5a. The maximum

• deposited on glass and AuNPs deposited on the glass surfaces were obtained from the linear extrapolations of the foremost edges of the UPS data graphs (Figure 5b). The valence band maximum (EVBM) is found to decrease from 3.1 to 2.7 eV after APTES was deposited on glass and to 2.6 eV after AuNPs were

• deposited on APTES-functionalized glass substrate. UPS spectra of AuNPs deposited on APTES-functionalized glass substrates are shown in Figure 6. All the samples for UPS analysis were taken from the same substrates that were studied by AFM (Figure 4, sample 1, 2 and 3). However, different UPS spectra are

Plasma fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: functionalization and thermal stability

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Axel Hemberg,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2263–2271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.232

• the vCNTs. A temperature-dependent study was performed and the resulting defluorination process is discussed based on the analysis carried out using different techniques such as XPS, ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and Raman spectroscopy. We observed that oxygen present in the plasma

• parameters were used: mean power, P = 100 W; gas flux, Φ = 10 sccm; working pressure, pw = 30 mTorr; functionalization time, t = 900 s. The chemical modifications due to fluorine grafting were evaluated by XPS and UPS. The experimental geometry of the data collection allowed for the analysis of the tip of

• chemisorption of oxygen leads to binding energy values ranging from 3–5 eV, depending on the chemisorption site [41]. In order to understand the effects of fluorination in valence electronic states of the vCNTs, UPS measurements were performed (Figure 3). First, we analyzed a pristine sample (red curve) after

Lower nanometer-scale size limit for the deformation of a metallic glass by shear transformations revealed by quantitative AFM indentation

• Arnaud Caron and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1721–1732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.176

• indents and pile-ups. The force–distance curves were used to calculate force–penetration (P–δ) curves (see Figures 1d,e). For an infinitely stiff and hard sample surface the cantilever deflection D upon extension of the z-scanner is equal to the extension length Z, i.e., the slope dD/dZ = 1. For a

• shapes. However, the height of pile-up around indents differs significantly between Pt(111) and Pt57.5Cu14.7Ni5.3P22.5 metallic glass. Pile-ups around indents on the metallic glass are much more prominent than on Pt(111). This indicates that the plastic deformation of Pt(111) was accommodated over much

• accurately measure Ap from nc-AFM images. The large pile ups in metallic glass appear to partly cover the indents after indenter retraction. Figure 6 shows the loading-rate dependence of the pile-up volume Vpile up and the projected area Ap for Pt(111) and Pt57.5Cu14.7Ni5.3P22.5 metallic glass as evaluated

Simple and efficient way of speeding up transmission calculations with k-point sampling

• Jesper Toft Falkenberg and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1603–1608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.164

• original data. In the three cases we obtain speed-ups of approximately 5, 6, and 8, for the pristine graphene sheet, the graphene nano-constriction, and the kinked graphene sheet, respectively. Thus, we have demonstrated that by applying a simple post-processing interpolation scheme we can speed up

Molecular materials – towards quantum properties

• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1485–1486, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.153

• same token, the needed surface attachment and positioning of molecular materials by self-assembly techniques is addressed – an important prerequisite for the electrical addressing of molecules by lateral graphene electrodes or vertical scanning tunnelling microscopy set-ups or e-beam lithographed gold

Charge carrier mobility and electronic properties of Al(Op)₃: impact of excimer formation

• Andrea Magri,
• Pascal Friederich,
• Bernhard Schäfer,
• Valeria Fattori,
• Xiangnan Sun,
• Timo Strunk,
• Velimir Meded,
• Luis E. Hueso,
• Wolfgang Wenzel and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1107–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.112

• additional electrons, and thus, Al(Op)3, should be characterized by both lower HOMO and LUMO energy levels as compared to Alq3. In a recent work, Al(Op)3 deposited on a magnetic cobalt substrate was investigated by means of ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and near-threshold photoemission

• calculated to be −5.93 eV, in fairly good agreement with the HOMO energy previously estimated by UPS on 1.5 and 5 nm films of Al(Op)3 deposited on cobalt which are −6.5 and −6.9 eV, respectively [16]. According to the same procedure, the HOMO–LUMO gap and the HOMO energy of Alq3 were estimated to be 2.82 and

Overview of nanoscale NEXAFS performed with soft X-ray microscopes

• Peter Guttmann and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 595–604, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.61

• region. It is important to mention that the study of the carbon K-edge is also a challenge in non-microscopic NEXAFS set-ups due to uncertainties in the normalization by the photon flux. Nevertheless, carbon nanostructures, like suspended carbon nanohorns (CNH) [66], or thin graphite sheets [2] could be

Hybrid spin-crossover nanostructures

• Carlos M. Quintero,
• Gautier Félix,
• Iurii Suleimanov,
• José Sánchez Costa,
• Gábor Molnár,
• Lionel Salmon,
• William Nicolazzi and
• Azzedine Bousseksou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2230–2239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.232

• Carlos M. Quintero Gautier Felix Iurii Suleimanov Jose Sanchez Costa Gabor Molnar Lionel Salmon William Nicolazzi Azzedine Bousseksou LAAS, CNRS & Université de Toulouse (UPS, INSA, LAES), 7 Av de Colonel Roche, 31077 Toulouse, France LCC, CNRS & Université de Toulouse (UPS, INPT), 205 route de

Advances in NO₂ sensing with individual single-walled carbon nanotube transistors

• Kiran Chikkadi,
• Matthias Muoth,
• Cosmin Roman,
• Miroslav Haluska and
• Christofer Hierold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2179–2191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.227

• ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy [32] (XPS and UPS) have been used to understand the mechanism of this work function change. For polar molecules such as NO2, a dipole layer is expected to be formed at the surface of the metal, thereby modifying the metal work function [33][34]. In Schottky barrier

UHV deposition and characterization of a mononuclear iron(III) β-diketonate complex on Au(111)

• Irene Cimatti,
• Silviya Ninova,
• Valeria Lanzilotto,
• Luigi Malavolti,
• Luca Rigamonti,
• Brunetto Cortigiani,
• Matteo Mannini,
• Elena Magnano,
• Federica Bondino,
• Federico Totti,
• Andrea Cornia and
• Roberta Sessoli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2139–2148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.223

• , Italy 10.3762/bjnano.5.223 Abstract The adsorption of the sterically hindered β-diketonate complex Fe(dpm)3, where Hdpm = dipivaloylmethane, on Au(111) was investigated by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). The high volatility of the molecule limited

• the growth of the film to a few monolayers. While UPS evidenced the presence of the β-diketonate ligands on the surface, the integrity of the molecule on the surface could not be assessed. The low temperature STM images were more informative and at submonolayer coverage they showed the presence of

• ) in octahedral environment were observed. Keywords: Au(111); β-diketonate complexes; DFT; STM; thin films; UPS; XMCD; XPS; Introduction A renewed interest in mononuclear metal complexes has recently arisen due to the observation that systems of this class can behave as single molecule magnets (SMMs

In vitro interaction of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells: What have we learned thus far?

• Moritz Nazarenus,
• Qian Zhang,
• Mahmoud G. Soliman,
• Pablo del Pino,
• Beatriz Pelaz,
• Susana Carregal-Romero,
• Joanna Rejman,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Reinhard Zellner,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus,
• James B. Delehanty,
• Igor L. Medintz and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1477–1490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.161

• distributions are reported. Thus, simply taking the mean hydrodynamic diameter as displayed by commercial set-ups is prone to errors [109]. Calibration standards of NPs of known size are always a good help to benchmark size measurements and it is highly beneficial to apply several techniques in parallel [108

Scale effects of nanomechanical properties and deformation behavior of Au nanoparticle and thin film using depth sensing nanoindentation

• Dave Maharaj and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 822–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.94

• -ups. It is believed the dislocation density mechanism is primarily responsible for the higher hardness. Figure 7b shows creep for typical load–displacement curves with maximum loads of 40 and 80 µN with a hold period of 200 s. Figure 7c shows indentation–displacement curves for different strain rates

• , limits the number of pile-ups and the dislocation density mechanism is primarily responsible for the increase in hardness. This process repeats and results in subsequent slip and generation and multiplication of dislocations in a neighboring grains [42][43][44] resulting in further pop-ins. Figure 8c

Injection of ligand-free gold and silver nanoparticles into murine embryos does not impact pre-implantation development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wiebke Garrels,
• Annette Barchanski,
• Svea Peterson,
• Laszlo Sajti,
• Andrea Lucas-Hahn,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Ulrich Baulain,
• Sabine Klein,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 677–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.80

• protective (ion capturing) layer would have formed in the serum-free co-incubation trials, this may explain the apparent discrepancy in terms of toxicity between the different experimental set ups. Another aspect to be taken into account is the origin of the nanoparticles used in the different trials testing

CoPc and CoPcF₁₆ on gold: Site-specific charge-transfer processes

• Fotini Petraki,
• Heiko Peisert,
• Johannes Uihlein,
• Umut Aygül and
• Thomas Chassé

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 524–531, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.61

• ) hexadecafluoro-phthalocyanine (CoPcF16) to gold are investigated by photo-excited electron spectroscopies (X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and X-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES)). It is shown that a bidirectional charge transfer determines the

• spectroscopy (UPS) as well as X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Combined XPS and XAES measurements can be employed as a tool to study the contribution of the polarization energy to chemical shifts at interfaces. XAS gives valuable information about the unoccupied electronic structure and the hybridization

•  6 displays the development of the work function determined by using UPS as a function of the CoPcF16 thickness on gold. The corresponding values for the CoPc–Au interface studied previously [6] were added for comparison. A strong decrease of the work function occurs for the very first steps of the