Room-temperature NO₂ sensing performance of ZnO/Ti₃C₂T_x heterojunctions

• Ngo Thi Chau,
• Quoc Vinh Ho,
• Dai Hai Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1159–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.79

• introduction of ZnO onto the surface of the Ti3C2Tx MXene composite, all corresponding peaks are clearly visible in the spectra. These results confirm the successful growth of ZnO within the composite. The surface chemical states and binding energies of the optimized sample were analyzed using X-ray

• the addition of Ti3C2Tx MXene. Materials characterization The morphology and elemental analysis of the selected samples were recorded by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JEOL, IT200 Japan). The phase structure of samples was obtained by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD, D8 Advance Eco, Bruker AXS

Biosynthesis, characterization, and biofunctional assessment of niobium oxide nanostructures obtained using lactic acid bacteria-derived supernatants

• Pablo A. Oliveira,
• Gabriella T. L. Teixeira,
• Pollyane S. Oliveira,
• Thaís S. Farnesi-de-Assunção,
• Isabela S. Rotta,
• Karina F. D. Vicentine,
• Dayane S. Alvares,
• Jéferson A. Moreto,
• Aline D. Paiva and
• Natália B. L. Slade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1128–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.77

• biologically active metabolites for bioreduction and stabilization. The synthesized nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), scanning-transmission electron microscopy (STEM), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), Fourier

• transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and zeta potential analysis. In vitro assays using Vero-CCL81 cells demonstrated that the nanostructures exhibited low cytotoxicity, confirming their potential biocompatibility. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities were evaluated

• -free supernatants (CFSs) of Lc. rhamnosus and Lc. paracasei UFTM 2.9. Morphological and structural characterization techniques were employed, including scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), scanning-transmission electron microscopy (STEM), ultraviolet

Synthesis of carbon dot-mediated gold nanostructures: experimental and quantum chemical insights into turn-on fluorescence sensing of N-acetylcysteine

• Thuy-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Nghia Nguyen,
• Ha Thi Thu Nguyen,
• Ha Ngoc Nguyen,
• Anh Duc Nguyen,
• Tuyen Viet Nguyen and
• Truong Xuan Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1103–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.75

• distribution on Au@NCDs and Au@NCDs-NAC were analyzed by FESEM in combination with energy dispersed X-ray spectroscopy as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, respectively. The spectra indicated that there were Au and C in Au@NCDs and Au, C, N, and S in Au@NCDs-NAC. The Au and C mapping images revealed the strong

Electrochemical sensing of sildenafil in pharmaceutical formulations using an (S,N)-doped reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Ngo Thi Thanh Xuan,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Duc Anh,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Hai Phong,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Lam Son and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1087–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.74

• Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi City, 100000, Vietnam 10.3762/bjnano.17.74 Abstract In this work, (S,N)-co-doped reduced graphene oxide ((S,N)-rGO) was successfully synthesized via thermal treatment and thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy

• structural characterizations were performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping (JEM-2100, Jeol-Japan) at 200 kV, X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Bruker D8 Advance, Germany), Raman spectroscopy (XploRA™ PLUS, Horiba, Japan), FTIR (Shimadzu Prestige-21

• -related signals distributed over the graphene surface. This discrepancy can be attributed to the inherent limitation of EDX spectroscopy in quantitatively detecting light elements at ultralow concentrations. Because nitrogen has a low atomic number and weak X-ray emission intensity, its signal can easily

Synthesis and characterization of RF-sputtered ZnTe/Cu_2−xTe thin films for solar cell applications

• Gerardo Arreola Jardón,
• Susana Meraz Dávila,
• Claudia Elena Pérez García,
• Aime Margarita Gutiérrez Peralta and
• Sergio Joaquín Jiménez Sandoval

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1016–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.69

• temperatures of 300 and 350 °C. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed controlled compositional transfer from the target to the films. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all films are polycrystalline, exhibiting a coexistence of zinc blende and wurtzite ZnTe phases. Low dopant concentrations

• produced only minor lattice modifications, while higher Cu and O contents promoted the formation of Cu2−xTe secondary phases, as confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Optical measurements showed a significant reduction in infrared

• deposition time was fixed at 60 min for all samples. Structural and chemical characterization The chemical composition of the films grown on silicon substrates was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) using a scanning electron microscope (XL30, ESEM, Phillips) equipped with EDX (EDAX) and

Ultrasonic irradiation in the synthesis of nanohydroxyapatite: a chemically friendly technique for improving hemocompatibility and antibiofilm applications

• Juan Mendoza Turmero,
• Cristina Parra Pantoja,
• Marcos Sabino Gutiérrez,
• Milagro Fernández-Delgado,
• Claudia Alvarado-Castillo,
• Damarys Soto Gil,
• María E. Gomes Gomes,
• Yony Gutiérrez Barrios and
• Daniel Suárez Arteaga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 991–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.68

• 60 min of ultrasonic irradiation, respectively, indicating an additional contribution of carbonate groups in both spectra. X-ray diffraction Figure 4 shows the X-ray diffractograms of the nHA obtained from the W/ACET, W/THF, and W/ETOH mixtures at various UI times. Almost all of the diffraction peaks

• ultrasonic irradiation were calcined at 1100 °C in air, and the resulting products were studied using infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Complementary to this, a semi-quantitative phase analysis was performed on the XRD patterns to determine the relative calcite content. This estimation was based

Enhanced erosion resistance and radiation stability of WC–WO₃ nanocomposite films under 100 keV Kr⁺ ion irradiation

• Shristi Bist,
• Parswajit Kalita,
• Ratnesh K. Pandey,
• Sejal Shah,
• Richa Krishna,
• Umapathy G. R.,
• Sunil Ojha and
• Devesh K. Avasthi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 922–934, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.65

• experimental sputtering trends. Furthermore, preferential sputtering of lower-Z elements (C and O) was observed in both material systems. Glancing incidence X-ray diffraction analysis revealed post-irradiation grain growth in WC–WO3 films, while scanning electron microscopy results show morphological changes

• scattering angle of 165°, with a beam spot size of around 2 mm in diameter. The RBS spectra were analysed using SIMNRA 6.06 software [74]. Further, to find the crystalline state of the nanocomposite films (S1) both before and after irradiation, glancing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) measurements were

• performed. The measurements were carried out in a D-8 X-ray diffractometer (procured from Bruker AXS Germany) in the 2θ range from 10° to 60°. GIXRD measurements of the pristine S2 films were also performed; these measurements were carried out in an Empyrean X-ray diffractometer (procured from Panalytical

Light-driven ammonia electrooxidation via carbon nitride–ruthenium molecular interfaces

• Jan Holub and
• Pablo Jiménez-Calvo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 854–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.61

• essential benchmark, alongside ICP quantification of Ru leaching and post-catalysis XPS, as demonstrated for analogous Ru(bda)-based electrodes by X-ray absorption spectroscopy after extended bulk electrolysis [26]. F) Why ammonia oxidation? Ammonia offers compelling thermodynamic advantages as a hydrogen

Glycerol photoelectrochemical oxidation reaction at carbon nitrides/BiVO₄ materials

• Charles Garcia da Cunha,
• Isabelle M. D. Gonzaga,
• Cristian Hessel,
• Izadora F. Reis,
• Ivo F. Teixeira,
• Lucia H. Mascaro and
• Elton Sitta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 806–817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.57

• acetylacetonate at 500 °C for 2 h. The CN/BiVO4 heterojunctions presented bandgap energy values, Eg, similar to pure BiVO4. X-ray diffraction analysis also revealed that the BiVO4 phase was not altered by the presence of the CN. However, scanning electron microscopy analysis coupled to energy-dispersive X-ray

• substrates, the different types of CN were structurally and morphologically characterized. Thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis (Netzsch, 209 F3) was performed from 25 to 800 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C·min−1 under a synthetic air atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns (XRD, Rigaku Ultima IV 6000) were

• acquired from 10° to 80° at a rate of 2°·min−1 with a step size of 0.02°. Morphological features and elemental composition were determined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM; Zeiss Supra35) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), operating at 15 kV. Optical properties

Tuning the electronic properties of defect-rich MoS₂

• Eric Juriatti,
• Martina Binninger,
• Carolin Schüle,
• Maren Zirwick,
• Katarina Margetic,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Marcus Scheele and
• Heiko Peisert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 796–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.56

• . Keywords: angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES); MoS2; phthalocyanine; X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS); X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); Introduction In the pursuit for novel semiconducting materials, the group of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), including molybdenum

• fabrication of ultrafast photodetectors [4][5]. To tune their electronic structure for such applications, the adsorption of organic molecules is a versatile strategy [6][7], resulting, for example, in dipole-induced doping or (complex) charge transfer [8]. Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), X-ray absorption

• , 370, 300, 230, and 75 eV, the energy resolutions were 592, 230, 156, 114, 118, and 66 meV, respectively. A sputtered gold crystal was used for energy calibration. After every change of energy, X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of Au 4f, calibrated to 84.00 eV, or the Au Fermi edge, calibrated to 0.00

Tailoring Ag–Pt nanoalloys through solid-state dewetting: structural and optical insights

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Piotr Okoczuk,
• Blaž Grobiša,
• Ewa Pawlikowska,
• Amelia Rozwadowska,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 748–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.52

• homogeneous elemental distribution, as measured by energy dispersive spectroscopy. Additionally, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements confirmed the coexistence of both metals in metallic states, with a slight Ag deficiency attributed to its higher instability and desorption during the annealing

• selection of a series with a total bilayer thickness of 8 nm, fabricated at 650 °C, for further investigations. A detailed chemical composition analysis of pure Ag and Pt nanostructures, as well as those synthesized with various Ag–Pt ratios, was performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and is

• kV was used to observe the formation of nanostructures and to analyse the surface morphology of the samples. Moreover, an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer was employed for elemental analysis of the isolated islands, providing a fast and preliminary insight into the nanostructure formation. The

Oxidative atmosphere-driven formation of single-phase spinel CuRh₂O₄ nanofibers for alkaline water oxidation

• Namhee Kim,
• Sumin Ko,
• Sohyeon Choi,
• Seoyoon Jang,
• Myung Hwa Kim and
• Dasol Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 737–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.50

• subsequent annealing process under continuous O2/He flow, as illustrated in Figure 1 (see Experimental section for details). As shown in Figure 2, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was employed to investigate the phase evolution of Cu–Rh oxide nanofibers annealed under different oxidative environments (i.e

• oxygen-atmosphere engineering during annealing is critical for suppressing undesired phase segregation and achieving phase-pure CuRh2O4 nanofibers. Angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AR-XPS) was performed to clarify the surface chemical states of Cu and Rh in Cu–Rh bimetallic oxides

• analyzed by X-ray diffraction (MP-XRD; Malvern Panalytical X-ray diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation), Raman spectroscopy (HORIBA, LabRAM HR Evo 800), and angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AR-XPS; Thermo Fisher Scientific K-ALPHA XPS, Al Kα radiation at 12 kV). Electrochemical measurements

Environmental applications of silver nanoparticles: state-of-the-art review and emerging trends

• Soni Prajapati,
• Akash Kumar and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 697–736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.49

• needed before engineering AgNPs for particular applications. AgNPs are characterised using optical spectroscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to measure plasmonic absorbance, size, shape, structure, and stability [49]. Optical spectroscopy is a rapid and

• X-ray analysis [49]. TEM analysis is performed on copper grids with varying mesh sizes and coatings, with carbon/formvar-coated copper grids commonly preferred. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides information on the silver nanoparticles’ surface properties and the aggregation state of dried

• nanoparticles using carbon or silicon wafers as the primary substrate [49]. The X-ray diffraction pattern reveal that AgNP crystal growth occurs at different facets depending on the NPs [49]. The most common facets include 111, 200, 220, and 311, corresponding to 2θ angles of 38.2°, 44.4°, 64.6°, and 77.5

Decontamination from water pollutants and pathogens by electrospun nanofibers doped with heavy-atom-free borafluorene-BODIPY photosensitizers

• Angelika Zaszczyńska,
• Paulina H. Marek-Urban,
• Karolina Wrochna,
• Agnieszka E. Kuklewska,
• Kacper Kręgielewski,
• Marta Grodzik,
• Dawid R. Natkowski,
• Jolanta Mierzejewska,
• Ewa Iwanek,
• Agata Blacha-Grzechnik,
• Paweł Sajkiewicz and
• Krzysztof Durka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 668–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.46

• , and p indicates the porosity. Photocatalyst distribution in the mats The presence of BODIPY in the PCL, PMMA, and PS matrices was verified using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) as well as time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF SIMS) measurements performed on a Helios 5 Dual

• measurements, the samples were sputtered with 10 nm of gold using a CCU-010 Compact Coating Unit (Safematic). The ToF SIMS maps were acquired in the positive ion mode spectrum using 8 kV accelerating voltage and 10 nA beam current. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS

• ) analysis was done with an AXIS Supra+ (Kratos Analytical) instrument equipped with a monochromatic Al Kα X-ray source (hν = 1486.6 eV, operating at 10 mA, 15 kV). The system base pressure was pb = 3.9·10−9 Torr. The pass energy was set to 160 eV (scanning step 0.9 eV) for survey spectra acquisition and 20

Laser–material interactions in liquids for the synthesis of nanomaterials: current status and perspectives

• Carlos Doñate Buendia,
• Bilal Gökce and
• Leonid V. Zhigilei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 571–575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.38

• requires input from computational modeling [33][36]. At longer timescales, shadowgraphy offers valuable information on bubble evolution [37], although processes occurring within the bubble remain largely inaccessible and necessitate the use of X-ray probing to elucidate nanoparticle growth mechanisms [38

• nanoparticle generation in picosecond laser ablation in liquids [40], the elucidation of processes responsible for the formation of periodic surface structures on Cr targets irradiated by femtosecond pulses in water [41], and the integration of X-ray probing with simulations to study the transition from

Synthesis of Cu–Mo/TiO₂ and Co–Mo/TiO₂ photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants in water

• Ilse Acosta,
• Brenda Zermeño,
• Edgar Moctezuma,
• Luis F. Garay-Rodríguez and
• Isaías Juárez-Ramírez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 559–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.37

• microscope JEOL 6490LV equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy analyzer for chemical microanalysis using 20 kV of voltage. The samples were placed on a carbon slab and covered with gold to improve the conductivity. The surface area was measured by N2 physisorption through the BET method

Electrochemical determination of ciprofloxacin using a MIL-101/reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Nguyen Ngoc Nghia,
• Nguyen Vinh Phu,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Lam Son,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Dinh Luyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 541–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.35

• -101 to GO. For comparison, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was also prepared using the same reduction process without MIL-101. Equipment The X-ray diffraction analyses were conducted using a D8 Advance Bruker (Germany). Morphology and elemental mapping were measured with a Hitachi S-4800 FESEM (Japan

• ) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) system. Raman spectroscopy was performed on an Xplora Plus instrument (Horiba, Japan) with a stimulating light wavelength of 785 nm. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) were recorded using an Autolab PGSTAT302N system. Electrochemical experiments were

• by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The survey spectrum (Figure 3a) confirms the presence of Cr, C, and O, which is consistent with the expected composition of MIL-101(Cr) integrated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). No obvious extraneous elemental signals were observed in the survey spectrum

Probing internal continua and atomic ultrafast charge transfer within size-controlled nanoparticles by post-collision interaction in core-hole clock spectroscopy

• Johannes Lütgert,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Nomi L. A. N. Sorgenfrei and
• Alexander Föhlisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 505–514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.33

• characterization of the QDs with UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy has been performed by us to verify the size-dependence of quantum confinement (see further details in Supporting Information File 1

• double layers ZnS): (a) Left: X-ray absorption spectrum in partial fluorescence yield (PFY, S Kα, blue solid line) and constant final-state partial electron yield (CFS-PEY, black markers). Right: Resonant Auger map containing the relevant S KL2,3L2,3 Auger multiplet. (b) Auger resonant Raman spectra at

• a function of photon energy and particle size. Top panel: The X-ray absorption cross section (PFY, orange line) is shown in comparison to an integration of the resonant Auger spectra (CFS-PEY, light green line). Also, the deconvolution of the signal into the intensities of Auger (green) and Raman

Upcycling agroindustrial waste into graphene oxide supports for gold nanoparticles: toward sustainable nanomaterials

• Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia,
• Selene Acosta,
• Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
• Elsie Evelyn Araujo-Palomo,
• Edgar Giovanni Villabona-Leal and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 489–504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.32

• room temperature in the 4000–540 cm−1 range with a spectral resolution of 4 cm−1, averaging 80 scans per sample. The surface chemical composition was assessed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using a SPECS spectrometer equipped with a PHOIBOS 100 energy analyzer and an Al Kα X-ray source (hν

• , and measurements were carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere with a flow rate of 50 mL·min−1. 3 mg of each sample were used for the analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were carried out using a SmartLab RIGAKU diffractometer operating with a Cu anode X-ray source (Cu Kα radiation, λ

• presence of vacancy-type defects and highly disordered carbon domains. X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples are shown in Figure 7. GO exhibits an intense peak at 2θ ≈ 11.7°, assigned to the (001) reflection of GO and associated with an expanded interlayer spacing (d ≈ 0.76 nm) due to the presence of

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

• control over defect positioning, uniformity (only one and the same defect present), and scalability, which ultimately will lead to useful technological applications. What are the limitations of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in identifying and quantifying defect concentrations in 2D materials, and how

• can these limitations be addressed? X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying defects in 2D materials, offering unique advantages in surface sensitivity, chemical state analysis, and real-time monitoring of defect evolution. While challenges such as

• energy shifts and peak shapes [179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187]. Complementing XPS, scanning X-ray photoelectron microscopy (SPEM) provides spatially resolved chemical information at the nanoscale, and near-ambient pressure XPS enables real-time monitoring of the chemical reactivity of

Eco-efficient materials for agricultural crops based on a mineral rich in MOR- and HEU-type zeolites

• Esperanza Yamile de la Nuez-Pantoja,
• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Gerardo Rodríguez-Fuentes,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• Ariel Martínez García,
• José Juan Calvino Gámez and
• Daniel Goma Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 381–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.26

• ) and other elements (Si) important for agricultural crops. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of the interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus species on this complex multiphase zeolitic carrier, applying Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron

• available space or surface area on this natural zeolite. X-ray diffraction analysis Figure 4 shows X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the materials under study, which evidenced that this natural zeolite (CLIM) is mainly formed by a mixture of HEU (JCPDS Card 25-1349) and MOR (JCPDS Card 11-0155) with

• movement. The treatments were applied following a procedure similar to that described in [13][14]. Characterization The elemental composition of CLIM and modified materials resulting from the applied treatments was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), with the exception of nitrogen, which was

Interconnection morphology effects on the radio frequency response of carbon nanotube sponges

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Javad Rezvani,
• Zeno Zuccari,
• Mattia Scagliotti and
• Simone Tocci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 343–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.23

• treatment. We also investigated the chemical state of the carbon atoms by acquiring X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra from the as-grown and ethanol-treated CNS samples. The survey spectra are reported in Supporting Information File 1 (Figure S2). Figure 5 shows that the C1 s spectra are

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

• industrially available picosecond laser sources, still requiring high power sources (100 W) but removing the requirement for high repetition rate and faster scanning speeds [55]. PLAL-produced nanomaterials have broad applications across different nanotechnology fields, including X-ray radiotherapy [62], boron

Fast vortex dynamics and relaxation times in NbRe-based heterostructures

• Francesco De Chiara,
• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Francesco Avitabile,
• Francesco Colangelo,
• Abhishek Kumar,
• Carmine Attanasio and
• Carla Cirillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 292–302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.20

• strongly depend on the microscopic properties of the superconductor and on the degree of electronic disorder [1]. In this context, NbRe has emerged as a promising material that exhibits exceptionally fast vortex dynamics [19]. Extensive structural characterizations performed by X-ray diffraction have shown

Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

• Perla Sánchez-López,
• Kendra Ramirez Acosta,
• Sergio Fuentes Moyado,
• Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava and
• Elena Smolentseva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18

• plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results confirmed silver, copper, and zinc contents of around 1.0–1.5 atom % [4]. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis performed on the functionalized fabrics in the present work confirmed the presence of silver (1.3 wt %), as well as

• functionalized textiles. X-ray diffraction XRD patterns of bramante fabrics, composed of 50% cotton and 50% polyester fibers, are shown in Figure 3. The bramante fabrics exhibited a typical cotton cellulose pattern, with three characteristic peaks at 2θ ≈ 14.7°, 16.3°, and 22.4°, corresponding to the

• , transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were obtained using a JEOL JEM-2200FS (200 kV), and elemental analysis was performed using EDS. The crystalline structure of the modified fabrics was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in a Panalytical AERIS diffractometer using Cu Kα (λ = 1.54184 Å). The