Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• used as reducing agent. The synthesis protocol is summarily presented in Figure 1. Also, to characterize our material, UV–vis and XRD measurements were carried out. Figure 2A shows the broad adsorption band indicating the high number of excitons [38] on the surface of Ag NPs due to SPR. The SPR peak is

• located at 390 nm, which is suitable for SERS applications with 532 nm laser excitation. Besides, the shape of the UV–vis spectrum is in accordance with Mie scattering theory calculations, as reported in [39], proving the existence of Ag NPs in the solution. Moreover, the XRD pattern of the thin film

• -focus light element from Bruker, UK, were used. Raman spectra were collected with a XploRA ONE spectroscope (HORIBA, Japan), with a laser wavelength of 532 nm, 1 mW power, and an accumulation number of 60. Schematic of the Ag NPs-DES synthesis. (A) UV–vis spectrum of the Ag NPs-DES solution. (B) XRD

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• bias voltage was applied to the p-Si substrates, whereas the WOx films were kept grounded. The crystallinity of the WOx films was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Bruker) under Bragg–Brentano geometry (θ–2θ) in an angular window of 2θ = 20° to 80°. The chemical composition of the WOx films was

• crystallinity after vacuum annealing might also play a role in determining the work function [45]. XRD measurements were carried out on the 60 nm thick film to investigate any possible change in the crystallinity due to vacuum annealing. The XRD data (Figure 5) of a 60 nm-thick NS-WOx film reveals an amorphous

• revealed from the XRD studies, as-deposited NS-WOx films are amorphous in nature, whereas post-growth vacuum-annealed (at 673 K for 1 h) films show an amorphous-to-crystalline structural phase transition. XPS analysis confirms an increasing concentration of defect density in the form of oxygen vacancies

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• -resolution analytical electron microscope (FE-SEM, Thermo Scientific, Apreo 2S LoVac) and a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM, Phillips XL, 30 ESEM-FEG/EDAX) operating at 120 kV acceleration voltage. The structure of the nanoparticles was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD, PANalytical, Xpert

• between peak broadening and particle size in X-ray analysis. In this equation, the symbols D, K, λ, β, and θ represent the particle size, Scherrer shape factor (here 0.89), X-ray wavelength (0.15418 nm), half-maximum width, and diffraction angle, respectively [43]. Using the X-ray diffraction (XRD

• ) spectrum and Equation 5, the particle size of Fe3O4 NPs was calculated and determined to be 18 nm on average. X-ray patterns showing the distribution of Fe3O4 NPs in their uncoated state are shown in Figure 2a. XRD analysis reveals the presence of seven distinct peaks at 30.13°, 35.48°, 43.12°, 53.6

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle, thermal gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The XRD results showed the appearance of an amorphous region of silica particles at a diffraction angle of 22°. The formation of silica was

• conditions to determine the ideal condition to modify GO for grafting onto NR. The GO-VTES products were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), contact angle, 29Si NMR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and morphology analysis. The GO-VTES was expected to improve the mechanical properties

• the attachment of the sample to the measuring system. The frequency-dependent measurement was performed at an initial strain of 1% and at an angular frequency of 0.1–100 rad/s at 30 °C. The number of data points collected was 31. Results and Discussion Characterization of GO-VTES XRD Figure 3 shows

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• levels, thereby being identified as a Zn-tolerant species, ultimately releasing an excess amount of Zn into the environment. Results ZnO NPs characterization Wet chemical synthesis yielded 7.012 g of ZnO NPs, disregarding the sample loss during the synthesis. The XRD pattern corresponds to the hexagonal

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• separation during the electrospinning process [17][38][39], leading to the formation of a BBR-rich phase on the surface of nanofibers. The crystallinity of the PLA pellet and electrospun nanofiber scaffolds were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis (Figure 3B). The XRD pattern of the PLA pellet shows

• diffraction peaks at 2θ of 16.7, 19.2, and 22.4° associated to a crystalline α-form orthorhombic structure (card number 00-054-1917, Diffract Plus 2005), while the weak diffraction peaks at 28.9 and 30.9° were characteristic of the β-form trigonal structure [40]. The XRD pattern of the PLA nanofibers formed

• collector, the rearrangement of the polymer chains into lamellar packing was limited, resulting in domination of the amorphous region in PLA nanofibers [41]. The XRD patterns of BBR drug-loaded PLA nanofiber scaffolds exhibit a distinct peak similar to that of the PLA nanofiber scaffold without the

Properties of tin oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition from tin tetraiodide and ozone

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Tanel Käämbre,
• Aile Tamm and
• Kaupo Kukli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1085–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.89

• were carried out starting from 100 °C; however, XRD patterns from the films deposited at the lowest temperatures of 100–200 °C are not depicted in Figure 8 since the films grown at 225 °C were the first that revealed distinguishable reflections. The latter likely means that a significant portion of the

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• (XRD) analyses were performed. Characterization of Al2O3 nanoparticles The morphological features of the Al2O3 nanoparticles were investigated with the help of FE-SEM micrograph (Figure 2a). It is seen that the Al2O3 nanoparticles exhibit amorphous nature. Thus, it can be stated that the particle size

• from impurities. This provides strong evidence of the purity of the Al2O3 nanoparticles employed in the study. Also, it was seen that the EDS analysis result agrees with previous studies [22]. The crystalline properties of Al2O3 nanoparticle were determined by XRD analysis. All peaks were measured by

• XRD and compared with previous studies [23][24] in the literature. The XRD patterns of the Al2O3 nanoparticle samples were recorded in the range 2θ (15°–75°) at room temperature. The XRD pattern of γ-Al2O3 is shown in Figure 3. The diffraction pattern of γ-Al2O3 shows strong peaks at angle (2θ) of

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• . The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results in Figure 1c show Zn, Cu, and O, which indicates the presence of ZnO and CuO. No further impurities were found. The results from X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy confirm that the nanoparticles covering the surfaces and

• edges of ZnO NRs are CuO NPs. Figure 2a shows XRD patterns of pure ZnO NRs (black line) and CuO NPs sprayed over ZnO NRs (red line) samples. The black line shows diffraction peaks at 2θ = 31.85°, 34.51°, 36.31°, 47.61°, and 62.89°, which correspond to the (100), (002), (101), (102), and (103) planes of

• hexagonal ZnO, similar to data from JCPDS-36-1451 and results reported before [39][40]. Additional peaks at 2θ = 35.90° and 39.14° appear in the XRD pattern of CuO NPs/ZnO NRs, while the original peaks of ZnO remain unchanged. These peaks were assigned to the () and (111) planes of CuO, consistent with

Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• , this distinction in fundamental chemistry has significant implications for the structures and properties of the resulting fibers. To date, structure–property characterizations of Technora® in the literature have primarily focused on (i) X-ray diffraction (XRD), (ii) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR

• ) spectroscopy, and (iii) fiber tensile properties. Interestingly, although Technora® is noncrystalline, it can be effectively modeled through XRD as a paracrystalline material such as Kevlar®. Within this framework, the Technora® paracrystalline distortion parameter, a measure of crystalline “sinuosity”, was

• lower (i.e., indicated better alignment) than in all Kevlar® classes explored in a study by Wu and Blackwell [3]. In characterizing the lateral molecular organization in Technora® from XRD, the researchers carefully noted that the broad lateral apparent crystallite “peak” in Technora® was likely not a

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• nanoparticles with a defective zinc blende structure under mild conditions through thermal annealing of hydrogenated silicon nanoparticles with red phosphorus. The synthesized Si3P4 nanoparticles were analyzed using FTIR, XRD, electron diffraction, EDX, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

• . This is consistent with the average size of crystallites of 4 nm determined from the XRD data using the Scherrer equation. The electron diffraction ring pattern (Figure 6b) corresponds to a cubic lattice with a parameter of 5.05 Å (apart from the (111), (220) and (311) reflections discussed earlier

• XRD evidence that SiP NPs are formed when phosphorus is present in less than an equimolar quantity with respect to hydrogenated silicon. As cubic SiP and Si3P4 are very similar in structure, they are quite likely to be miscible at the nanoscale resulting in a “vacancy doping” scenario with possible

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• CoAl-LDH synthesis method. We thoroughly study the effects of the mass scale-up (25-fold: up to 375 mM) and the volumetric scale-up (20-fold: up to 2 L). For this, we use a combination of several structural (XRD, TGA, and N2 and CO2 isotherms), microscopic (SEM, TEM, and AFM), magnetic (SQUID), and

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• underwent characterization through electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and piezoelectric performance testing. The results indicated that the piezoelectric film with a composition ratio of 12% P(VDF-TrFE) + 10% ZnO + 0.1% GR exhibited superior performance regarding various aspects. Consequently, in

• this present study, we employed the aforementioned composition ratio to fabricate the heart sound sensor. Our paper solely focuses on the performance evaluation of three experimental groups: 12% P(VDF-TrFE), 12% P(VDF-TrFE) + 10% ZnO, and 12% P(VDF-TrFE) + 10% ZnO + 0.1% GR. In this paper, XRD was

• utilized to analyze the composition and β-phase content of the composite piezoelectric nanofilms, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe the morphology of the thin film filaments. Figure 6 displays the XRD patterns of the three composite piezoelectric nanofilms. In the P(VDF-TrFE

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• medium observed after the initial stage could be attributed to the gradual release of drug molecules from the matrix core, where the drug is mainly located according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) results [33]. Remarkably, although our NLC possess a comparatively lower drug load, the maximal accumulated drug

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• determine the crystalline structure of the nanocomposites, powder XRD patterns are evaluated and displayed in Figure 4B. Both nanocomposites exhibit feature peaks of AgNPs crystals at 2θ angles of about 38°, 44°, 64°, and 77°, indicating, respectively, the (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes of face

• -centered cubic silver (card number 00-004-0783). The XRD pattern of AgNPs@Lac/Alg-0.7 exhibits more intensive peaks compared to AgNPs@Lac/Alg-0.3, likely because of the different contents of AgNPs in the samples. The calculated XRD parameters are shown in Supporting Information File 1, Table S1. Using the

• , respectively, while those of AgNPs@Lac/Alg-0.7 were 4.09 ± 0.2 Å and 68.4 ± 0.8 Å3, respectively [43]. Thus, the XRD data provide evidence for the presence of AgNPs in the nanocomposites. To evaluate the thermal properties of the AgNPs@Lac/Alg nanocomposites, TGA and DSC measurements were performed on both the

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• and GeO2 should be 2:1. However, in the previous report [29], up to a molar ratio of 2.5, the GeO2 phase still remained. Therefore, in this work, Mg and GeO2 powders were mixed at a mass ratio of 5:4 (approximately a molar ratio of 3.5:1) to ascertain the formation of the pure Ge phase. The XRD

• Fd−3m, JCPDS card No. 04-0545). There is no observable signal related to the GeO2 precursor. The XRD pattern of the BC-800 carbon material exhibits a diffraction signal at 2θ = 26.3° attributed to the (002) plane of disordered graphite-like carbon. The peaks at 2θ = 28.1° and 44.0° correspond to the

• (104) and (100) planes of the hexagonal structure in graphite [34][35]. However, the intensity of the diffraction peaks in the XRD pattern of BC-800 is mostly weak, which indicates the poor graphitic structure with small crystallite sizes of biomass carbon [36]. In the Ge@C composite sample, signals

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• distance of 0.33 nm [33]. The XRD pattern of the synthesized GQDs is shown in Figure 4a. A broad diffraction peak at 24.08° is obtained, which corresponds to the (002) crystal planes of the GQDs with a d spacing of 0.369 nm [34]. It can be inferred from the higher d spacing value of GQDs that oxygen

• distribution along with log-normal fit, (c) HRTEM image, and (d) AFM image of GQDs. (a) XRD pattern and (b) EDX spectra (inset showing weight and atomic percent of carbon and oxygen) of GQDs. (a) FTIR spectrum and (b) Raman spectrum of GQDs. EIS measurement of 0.1 M KCl containing 0.05 M [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− at the

• electrode materials.a Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Mr. Sumit Sharma, Research Scholar, IIT Bombay for XRD and TEM imaging. Author Contributions Sanju Tanwar: conceptualization, research methodology, experimental design, electrochemical investigation, original draft writing and

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• raised to 380 °C, some weak diffraction peaks at 12.56°, 23.29°, 25.25°, and 27.29° appeared, indicating the beginning formation of a new phase. At 450 °C, the hexagonal phase disappeared entirely, and the XRD pattern became that of the orthorhombic phase (PDF#35-0609). For the orthorhombic phase, α-MoO3

• reside in the crystal structure of h-MoO3. To determine the crystal structures of h-MoO3 and α-MoO3, slowly scanned XRD patterns were acquired from the carefully ground powders calcinated at 375 °C and 450 °C, respectively. For the hexagonal phase h-MoO3, we performed Rietveld refinement based on two

• be deformed or damaged. To estimate the CTE of the hexagonal phase h-MoO3, lattice parameters as a function of temperature were obtained from the Rietveld refinement of the in situ XRD patterns, as shown in Figure 4a. When the temperature was raised from 300 to 400 °C, the lattice parameter a and the

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• , TO-650-a, and TO-850-a nanopowders are 17.3, 17.0, 15.5, and 22.0 nm, respectively. These values are in good agreement with the mean crystallites size calculated from XRD investigations. The number of the bigger particles (60–70 nm) in the TO-850-a powder increases, possibly due to enhanced

• . The interplanar distance of 0.32 nm (Figure 3, right) corresponds to the c axis of the rutile phase (2.96 Å from XRD measurements). The specific surface areas of series “a” of TiO2 powders obtained with increasing pressure in the reaction chamber are 78.0, 82.7, 89.9, and 57.9 m2/g, respectively. The

• diffraction (XRD) patterns, measured by an X-ray diffractometer Panalytical X’Pert MPD theta–theta, and the morphological properties were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) measurements

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• of SiC nanomaterials through surface carbonization of SiC nanowires and hydrolysis. SiC@C-ZnO composites were synthesized with different dosages of ZnNO3·6H2O. Composition, microstructure, and electromagnetic properties of the composites were characterized and analyzed. Results from TEM and XRD show

• exhibit several strong XRD reflections (31.81°, 34.41°, 36.21°, 47.51°, 56.61°, 62.81°, 66.41°, 68.01°, 69.11°, and 76.91°), corresponding to the (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), (200), (112), (201), and (202) planes of ZnO (hexagonal structure, PDF#36-1451), respectively (Figure 1). Besides

• carbon shells, as well as ZnO particles growing randomly on the outside (Figure 2a,b). It can be observed that an increasing dosage of ZnNO3·6H2O will lead to an increase in the density of ZnO particles on the carbon structure (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2), which agrees with the XRD results

Mixed oxides with corundum-type structure obtained from recycling can seals as paint pigments: color stability

• Dienifer F. L. Horsth,
• Julia de O. Primo,
• Nayara Balaba,
• Fauze J. Anaissi and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 467–477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.37

• structure. The pigments are obtained via the addition of coloring ions to boehmite from recycled metallic aluminium. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the crystallographic phase. Additionally, the oxidation state 3+ responsible for the greenish (chromium) and reddish (iron

• obtaining boehmite, we added chromium and iron ions to obtain colored mixed oxides with a corundum-type structure. The stability of the synthesized pigments in acid and alkaline environments was evaluated by colorimetric measurements. Results and Discussion X-ray diffractometry (XRD) The XRD of the pristine

• observed by XRD. The spectrum is composed of four E1g vibrational modes (ca. 242 cm−1, ca. 413 cm−1, ca. 525 cm−1, and ca. 605 cm−1), as previously reported [19]. The Raman spectrum of sample 2 (Figure 2b) presents the seven optical symmetry modes expected for hematite (α-Fe2O3) in agreement with the XRD

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• state in which the local sp2 bonding is influenced mainly by oxygen functionalization [32][33]. The position of the peak and the intensity of the spectra differ for NiFe-GO and CoNiFe-GO, indicating different electronic structures and interactions around Ni, Fe, Co, and GO. Figure 3e presents the XRD

• addition of GO into both NiFe and CoNiFe induced the formation of a nickel hydroxide LDH, which was observed in the XRD spectra as the appearance of more intense nickel LDH reflections. No LDH reflections were detected for NiFe, which can be related either to the absence of a LDH structure or a too faint

• XRD signal due to the very thin NiFe layer (200 nm). The XPS analysis showed that the addition of cobalt to NiFe induced the formation of the new nickel species Ni3+ in the catalyst structure (Figure 4a). The effect of the addition of cobalt to the NiFe on its structure was studied in detail in our

Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiO_x branches

• Feitao Li,
• Siyao Wan,
• Dong Wang and
• Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.14

• 600 °C [42][43][44][45][48]. Therefore, the self-assembled epitaxial line structures in this work are supposed to be NiSi2. XRD patterns are shown in Figure 3. Most reflexes show clear deviations from the reported positions of Ni silicide (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6). The absence of Ni

• atomic numbers show brighter contrasts. EDS measurements were performed to obtain the element distribution in the target areas. X-ray diffraction (XRD, Siemens D-5000) analyses were conducted in Bragg–Brentano mode using Cu Kα irradiation at 40 kV. The height distribution of the areas of interest was

• nm. XRD patterns of the dewetted systems after annealing at 1050 °C. The standard data of Au (PDF 03-065-2870) and Ni (PDF 03-065-0380) are listed. Formation mechanisms at elevated temperatures. (a) As-deposited bilayers and Au/Ni diffusion along nanochannels (dashed lines) in the SiO2 layer. All

Liquid phase exfoliation of talc: effect of the medium on flake size and shape

• Samuel M. Sousa,
• Helane L. O. Morais,
• Joyce C. C. Santos,
• Ana Paula M. Barboza,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• Elisângela S. Pinto and
• Mariana C. Prado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 68–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.8

• powder was exfoliated in each liquid medium by exposure to mechanical energy provided by an ultrasonic bath (full details in the Experimental section). Talc was manually milled down to a fine powder and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Figure 1a displays the results. All peaks are assigned to

• obtaining information on thousands of flakes and using appropriate statistical descriptions to analyze the data. Experimental Materials. Talc was obtained through a donation of a sample from Minas Gerais state, Brazil. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to characterize the sample composition. The rock

• measurements were performed on silicon substrates with an oxide layer, Si/SiOx. Substrates were functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) following the procedure reported by Fernandes and co-workers [24]. X-ray diffraction. XRD was performed in a Rigaku Geigerflex 2037 diffractometer with a

Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition

• Mykhailo Nahorniak,
• Pamela Pasetto,
• Jean-Marc Greneche,
• Volodymyr Samaryk,
• Sandy Auguste,
• Anthony Rousseau,
• Nataliya Nosova and
• Serhii Varvarenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2

• were uniform and the single spots were not visible proved that the crystallites were very small. These results correspond well with data from X-ray diffraction (XRD), according to which the average size of the crystallites for all prepared nanoparticles was 4.5–9 nm. The average crystallite size did

• standards. However, it must be noted that these iron oxides are characterized by spinal structures and very close lattice parameters, which makes their distinction using XRD very troublesome [38]. Unlike XRD, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy allows one to distinguish between magnetite and maghemite, since the

• typical for the presence of superparamagnetic relaxation phenomena suggested a very small size (about 10 nm compared to results from the literature) for the synthesized nanoparticles, which was consistent with electron and XRD diffraction results, as well as TEM results. Different fitting models can be