Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

• depositing caesium lead halide perovskite nanosheets (NSs) on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate. Lead halide perovskites have emerged recently as materials with unique optical and electronic properties, such as high absorption coefficients, high defect tolerance, and charge mobility. Due

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• ][18]. Semiconductors are the heart of photodetectors as their bandgap allows for the absorption of photons in the desired wavelength range [19]. There are many semiconductor materials developed for this application. Among them, zinc oxide (ZnO) has been studied extensively over the last decades

• properties of ZnO nanostructures, such as bandgap or conductivity [26]. Decorating ZnO with metals such as Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, and Al [27][28] can provide surface plasmonic effects that assist the electron transfer process in materials and extend the light absorption range of a photodetector [29][30]. However

• ]) to extend the light absorption towards the visible region. Copper oxide (CuO) is a candidate because of its narrow bandgap (ca. 1.35 eV), which is suitable for visible-light detection. Hence, CuO can be a potential material for solving the problem of limited light absorption of ZnO. Conduction and

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• , before being captured by immobilized biomolecules on a test line in the nitrocellulose membrane [6][7]. In conventional LFAs, most commonly gold nanoparticles and coloured cellulose nanobeads have been used as tracer elements because of strong light absorption and surface plasmon resonance, which yield

• the NIR absorption potential, nanomaterials can also be used in the field of photothermal nanosensors, which is an underexplored, yet highly potential, area of research [31]. To use nanoparticles for photothermal applications, the absorption wavelength should lie in the NIR region (650–900 nm

• ). Different types of nanoparticles are used, depending on their physical and chemical properties [28]. Classification of photothermal nanomaterials The photothermal properties of nanomaterials mainly depend on chemistry and architecture of the materials [32]. Nanomaterials exhibiting NIR absorption and

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• annealed samples revealed a pronounced absorption band with a maximum at 490–494 cm−1 and a shoulder at ca. 525 cm−1, which is consistent with the earlier assignment of the IR-active T2 mode to the highest-frequency vibration (Figure 4). The synthesized Si3P4 NPs were oxidized on the surface during

• exposure to air, which produced a signal in the wavenumber range of 1130–1100 cm−1. Because of the hydrosylilation step for the sample SP400, its spectrum features prominent signals of organic fragments (Supporting Information File 1, Table S1). Nevertheless, with the absorption of Si–O–Si stretching at

• agglomeration for at least a month. The synthesized samples were brown powders that formed brown sols in acetonitrile, quite similar in appearance to those of Si NPs. Upon examination of the UV–vis absorption spectra, a bandgap of 1.25 eV was established using Tauc plot (Figure 5). A simpler approach for a

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for CO₂ storage: A review

• Ha Huu Do,
• Iqra Rabani and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 964–970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.79

• coworkers [21]. Under conditions of 296 K and 1 bar, the authors observed that Mg-MOF-74 exhibited the highest CO2 absorption capacity, reaching 8.0 mmol·g−1, followed by Co-MOF-74 with 7.0 mmol·g−1. In contrast, Zn-MOF-74 demonstrated the lowest performance, displaying an adsorption capacity of 5.5 mmol·g

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• process and aiming to quantify the amount of this Co-based α-LH impurity, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements were performed at the CLÆSS BL22 beamline at the ALBA synchrotron. Figure 2A depicts the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra for the Co K edge. In all samples, the

• presence of CoII is confirmed regardless of the synthesis conditions [31][50][61]. Nevertheless, sample x25M shows differences in the intensity of the white line and in the resonances behind the absorption edge, compared to the other samples studied. At first glance, this would indicate that, although all

• of the structural features of the scale-up samples determined by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements, the used model, and the corresponding fits can be found in Supporting Information File 1 (Figure S9 and Table S3). Thermal decomposition in both inert (nitrogen) and

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• demographic groups (e.g., ethnicity and age) heal at different rates [16][19]. Therefore, it is also critical to consider differences in skin penetration, drug absorption, and healing processes among different populations when assessing the effectiveness of drug-delivering microneedles. In today's age of

• we divide the body into mobile areas (i.e., joints) and passive areas (e.g., volar forearm), then a one-size-fits-all microneedle design may not satisfy the requirements for both applications [18]. This builds upon previous work from Rougier et al. [23], who demonstrated that drug absorption differs

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• generally associated with better piezoelectric performance of the material. To further validate the enhancement of the β phase, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was conducted (Figure 7a). The FTIR spectrum of the piezoelectric film exhibited distinct absorption bands. Peaks observed at 600, 763

• , and 1071 cm−1 correspond to the α-phase [26], whereas the γ-phase peaks were observed at 812 cm−1 [27][28] and 1234 cm−1 [29]. The polar β-phase was characterized by the absorption bands at 510, 840, 1275, and 1430 cm−1 [30]. From the spectrum, it was evident that the β-phase in the P(VDF-TrFE) + ZnO

• and 840 cm−1, respectively, and Kα and Kβ are the absorption coefficients with values of 6.1 × 104 cm2/mol and 7.7 × 104 cm2/mol, respectively [31]. The calculation results are depicted in Figure 7b, demonstrating a notable enhancement in the β-phase content upon the incorporation of ZnO and GR, which

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• bioavailability by modifying the absorption, distribution, and elimination of the drug. In this study, BNZ was successfully loaded into nanocarriers composed of myristyl myristate/Crodamol oil/poloxamer 188 prepared by ultrasonication. A stable NLC formulation was obtained, with ≈80% encapsulation efficiency (%EE

• proposed as a strategy to reduce toxicity and improve efficacy [13]. Incorporation of drugs into nanoscale vehicles could result in changes in its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, which in turn could translate into improved efficacy and diminished BNZ toxicity. For example, BNZ-loaded

• –H flexion in the amide (1500–1400 cm−1 is also the absorption range of the C=C in the benzyl group), 1357 cm−1 to the symmetric vibration of R–NO2, and 1141 cm−1 to C–N in the imidazole ring [26]. Myristyl myristate displayed peaks at 2913 and 2848 cm−1 corresponding to C–H of alkane, 1731–1184 cm−1

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• , TESCAN). A UV–vis spectrometer (Agilent 8453, Agilent, USA) and a micro-Raman spectrometer (NS200, Nanoscope System, Republic of Korea) were used to record the absorption spectra and Raman spectra, respectively. Fabrication of the droplet-based microfluidic device The fabrication process of the

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• . Subsequently, AgNPs@Lac/Alg was characterized using various analytical techniques and applied for the catalytic degradation of contaminants and in bacterial activity assays. Absorption spectra were analyzed to monitor changes in physicochemical properties at the maximum peak region of surface plasmon resonance

• optimized at 90 °C and 140 min. As shown in Figure 2E and Figure 2F, the concentration of silver ions strongly influenced the formation of AgNPs. A clear absorption peak was not observed at a ratio of 0.1 (w/w), indicating no formation of AgNPs. However, the increase in silver ions resulted in an increase

• in the absorbance value in the UV–vis spectra. Minor changes in λmax values were noted from the absorption data, indicating a slight influence of the silver-ion-to-nanocomposite ratio on the physicochemical properties of the synthesized AgNPs. Considering these findings, two ratios of silver ions to

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments

• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Eric A. Grulke and
• Robert A. Yokel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63

• absorption edge in the UVA region [43]. Studying the effects of UV irradiation on nanoceria would be informative for environmental applications. In biological systems, colloidal nanoceria dispersions were found to be non-toxic to fibroblasts and were capable of preventing damage from UV irradiation [44

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• [37] from the oxidized outer layer of the Ge nanoparticles. The FTIR spectrum of BC-800 exhibits absorption bands at ca. 3500, 1400–1600, and 1000–1300 cm−1. The band in the high-wavenumber region is ascribed to the vibration of hydroxy O–H bonds [38]. The medium-wavenumber signals are assigned to the

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• crosstalk [17]. The laser beam deflection system in our AFM employs a laser wavelength of 1310 nm, which is well below the bandgap of our sample; therefore, the parasitic laser absorption, which may interfere with the KPFM measurement, is reduced to negligible levels [13]. Highly doped n+-Si ARROW EFM tips

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• , differential pulse voltammetry experiments were conducted with 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7. Results and Discussion Characterization of graphene quantum dots The UV–vis absorption spectrum of the GQDs in distilled water is depicted in Figure 2a, which shows two prominent absorption peaks around 270

• and 320 nm, in agreement with the data previously reported [30][31]. The shoulder at 270 nm is probably caused by π–π* transition of the C=C bonds, and the absorption hump at 320 nm is likely caused by n–π* transitions of the C=O bonds. As shown in Figure 2b, when the graphene quantum dot suspension

• shows the presence of only carbon and oxygen in the GQDs with 82.35 atom % carbon and 17.65 atom % oxygen. Figure 5a shows the functional groups present on the surface of the GQDs measured using FTIR infrared spectroscopy. The broad absorption band at 3430 cm−1 corresponds to stretching vibrations of O

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• compositions aligned by DEP [25]. In some of these works, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used as an effective tool to study the effects of chemical and physical absorption of water on the nanostructured surfaces of active CuO elements of the systems [23][24]. To the best of our knowledge, the

Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays

• Guangdong Wang and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 674–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.53

• two components (i.e., scattering force and gradient force [1]) and the motion of tiny particles within an optical field is determined by both of them. The scattering force originates from the photon momentum transferred to the particle caused by the scattering and absorption of photons. As a result

• to effectively capture subwavelength nanoparticles by overcoming the diffraction limit [4], which has aroused broad research interest. However, due to the high loss of metals, the Joule heating effect caused by the absorption of light leads to increasing temperatures of plasmonic nanotweezers, and

• when one designs nano-optical tweezers system to capture nanoscale particles. The low absorption losses, high laser power damage threshold as well as the large optical force that can be achieved with lossless all-dielectric nanostructures provide a better choice compared to the metallic counterpart in

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• limit of detection for SMZ is 0.655 μM, and the Ln-MOF luminescence is strongly quenched, with a quenching constant of 4.60 × 104 M−1. They proposed two potential mechanisms for quenching (inner-filter effect and electron transfer). The overlap between the antibiotic’s absorption spectrum and the Ln

• (acceptor) within 10 nm in a non-radiative manner. In general, the degree of overlap between the fluorophore’s fluorescence emission spectrum and the analyte’s absorption spectrum, the relative orientation of the fluorophore and analyte dipoles, and the distance between them affect the rate of energy

• primary IFE is the absorption of the fluorophore’s excitation by the analyte, the secondary IFE is the absorption of the fluorophore’s emission [50]. Yazhini et al. recently developed a highly stable inner filter effect-based Zn-luminescent MOF for the selective detection of tetracycline [48]. They were

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• converted to absorption data using the Kubelka–Munk function F(R). For the XPS analyses we employed an ESCALAB Xi+ (Thermo SCIENTIFIC Surface Analysis) apparatus with an Al Kα radiation source (hν = 1486.2 eV) using the C 1s level (284.4 eV) as the energy reference. The superficial chemical compositions as

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• Liqun Duan Zhiqian Yang Yilu Xia Xiaoqing Dai Jian'an Wu Minqian Sun State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention & Mitigation of Explosion & Impact, Army Engineering University of PLA. Nanjing 210007, P.R. China 10.3762/bjnano.14.47 Abstract A novel strategy is provided to improve the absorption

• that crystalline ZnO particles adhere to the surface of amorphous carbon, and the ZnO content increases as a function of a dosage of ZnNO3·6H2O. The as-prepared SiC@C-ZnO hybrids exhibit effective electromagnetic absorption, which is related to a synergy effect of different dielectric loss processes

• . The minimum reflection loss reached −65.4 dB at 11 GHz at a sample thickness of 3.1 mm, while the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) reached 7 GHz at a sample thickness of 2.56 mm. Furthermore, the EAB of the samples can also cover the whole X band and Ku band at small sample thicknesses (2.09–3.47

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

• Magdalena A. Zając,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Łukasz Gutowski,
• Jan L. Weyher and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

• absorption spectra of the GaN platform and the GaN/Ag SERS substrates fabricated using MS and PLD at different temperatures are shown in Figure 5. The spectrum of GaN shows the typical spectral shape of a broadband semiconductor with an absorption edge around 365 nm (3.4 eV). The spectra of all GaN/Ag

• substrates show a strong absorption of light in the visible range, which is related to the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The strongly nanoscale-rough surface causes a significant extension of the spectral range of SPR in comparison to thin silver layers. Based on the comparison of the light

• absorption level for samples in a given series, it can be seen that an increase in the amount of deposited metal causes a decrease in light absorption, which is related to a decrease in surface roughness and the filling of the nanoporous GaN structure with silver. SERS performance of fabricated of GaN/Ag

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• rapid test, identification, and monitoring of liquid samples in various fields such as fuel adulteration, water quality, solvents, and beverages [6][7][8][9]. Usually, the testing of liquids requires conventional analytical techniques such as absorption/emission spectroscopy (AAS/AES), X-ray

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• weakest at perpendicular illumination. In UV spectral range, the light scattering has no specific trends (corresponding to, e.g., Rayleigh scattering), though absorption by molecules with aromatic groups might modulate the reflection. There are no pigments in the white scales (Figure 5d), so interference

• illumination/observation configuration; (2) light scattering, which might be subdivided in (a) Rayleigh scattering on nanostructures, (b) scattering on partially regular micro- and nanostructures, and (c) thin film interference scales; (3) selective absorption by various molecules present in the cuticle; and

• the black scales (Figure 5b) because of the partial light absorption by melanin. Light absorption Some substances absorbing UV light are present even in the white scales. They attenuate the reflection in the UV–visible, but not in the red–IR, spectral range. Multiple refractions and reflections

Specific absorption rate of randomly oriented magnetic nanoparticles in a static magnetic field

• Ruslan A. Rytov and
• Nikolai A. Usov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.39

• = 0–800 Oe. The specific absorption rate (SAR) of the assemblies is calculated depending on the angle between the directions of the ac and dc magnetic fields. For the case of an inhomogeneous dc magnetic field created by two opposite magnetic fluxes, the spatial distribution of the SAR in the vicinity

• hyperthermia; magnetic nanoparticles; magnetic particle imaging; specific absorption rate; static magnetic field; Introduction Magnetic nanoparticles, mainly iron oxides, are promising materials for the diagnosis and therapy of oncological diseases [1][2][3]. Important fields of application of magnetic

• amplitude, Hac = 100–200 Oe [1][7][8]. In magnetic hyperthermia, magnetic nanoparticles are introduced into the tumor and heated by absorbing the energy of the ac magnetic field. The intensity of heat release is characterized by the specific absorption rate (SAR) of an assembly. Maintaining a temperature in

A mid-infrared focusing grating coupler with a single circular arc element based on germanium on silicon

• Xiaojun Zhu,
• Shuai Li,
• Ang Sun,
• Yongquan Pan,
• Wen Liu,
• Yue Wu,
• Guoan Zhang and
• Yuechun Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 478–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.38

• -silicon; mid-infrared; Introduction The mid-infrared (MIR) spectrum region covers the absorption band of most organic and inorganic matter. Thus, it has a broad application prospect in gas detection, environmental monitoring, lidar, free space optical communication, and remote sensing technologies [1][2

• is called “fingerprint spectrum region” (FSR) [1][4]. Many small biological molecules have unique and identifiable absorption spectra in the MIR band of 6–15 μm [1][5]. It is of great application value to develop photonic biosensors in this FSR. The spectral transparency window of germanium can fully