Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• ) (PLGA) microspheres coated with TGF-β3 loaded heparin/poly(ʟ-lysine) NPs showed extended growth factor release for 28 days and were found to be excellent structures for cell adhesion and chondrogenic differentiation [27]. Apart from serving as cell adhesion platforms and growth factor supplements

• films (nanofiber composites) coated with PLDLA nanofibers on the behavior of bovine chondrocytes [109]. The researchers observed that electrospun nanofibers supported the adhesion of cells and maintained the chondrocyte phenotype. Besides, the adhesivity and mechanics of the nanofiber-based scaffolds

• traditionally incorporated in scaffolds to provide proper cell–matrix interactions for tissue regeneration [149]. Among these, cell adhesion motifs including RGD peptide and fibronectin fragments at the nanoscale are widely used to enhance the cell motility and adhesion functionality of hydrogels [178]. For

Selected properties of Al_xZn_yO thin films prepared by reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering using a two-element Zn/Al target

• Witold Posadowski,
• Artur Wiatrowski,
• Jarosław Domaradzki and
• Michał Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 344–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.29

• manufacturing transparent electrodes, the TCO films should have relatively low resistivity, ρTCO ≤ 10−3 Ω·cm, and optical transmittance, preferably over 80%, for films with thicknesses not exceeding 200 nm. In addition, parameters such as high resistance to mechanical exposure and good adhesion to the substrate

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• corrosion on nanoscale friction. The evolution of friction upon repeated scanning cycles on the corroded surfaces reveals a bilayer surface oxide film, of which the outer layer is removed by the scanning tip. The measurement of friction and adhesion allows one to compare the physicochemical processes of

• during respective scanning. For both solutions and all immersion times, the friction force of the inner layer increases linearly with the normal load (Figure 4a,c). Adhesion contributes significantly to the friction force, that is, a friction force is measured even at zero externally applied load. A

• of the friction coefficient and the adhesion force on immersion time for inner and outer layers. The friction coefficient is calculated as the slope of a linear fit to the friction force versus normal load data (Figure 4). The adhesion force of the inner layer versus the AFM tip is determined as the

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• rejection [11]. TiO2 nanomaterials with tailored porosity have already been developed as an alternative orthopedic implantation material as they support cell adhesion, viability, growth, and differentiation, which are favorable in bone tissue growth and biological implant fixation [12]. Moreover, to

• affinities for the nanoparticle surface or the corona. Recently, Zhongru Gou et al. investigated the amount and type of cell adhesion-related proteins (such as fibronectin, vitronectin, and laminin) from serum adsorbed on titanium nanotube arrays. Their findings suggest that all the abovementioned proteins

• got adsorbed on the nanotube surface and that the nanotopography plays an important role in their selective adsorption and maintenance of biological function [34]. It has been reported that the small size of the nanotubes seems to speed up cell adhesion by providing an effective length scale for

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• adhesion of PS particles. Therefore, an experiment was carried out with cyclic exposure to toluene vapor. The sensor matrix was exposed to saturated toluene vapors for 8 min. Then, the sensor was allowed to stand for a day to recover the photonic bandgap to its initial position, although 90% of recovery

Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene

• Robin Vacher and
• Astrid S. de Wijn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4

• total normal force applied is around 4 nN (3.3 MPa). Then the force is removed and the graphene sheet stays on the surface due to adhesion. To avoid sliding of the entire graphene sheet over the polymer substrate, we fix the position of some of the graphene carbon atoms during indentation and sliding

• adhesion. In this case, the load is small compared to the adhesion force at the edge of the tip. Since a bigger tip has a bigger circumference, it is exposed to a larger adhesion force and a larger total downward force. At higher loads, the smaller tip penetrates further, as it is exposed to larger

• adhesion or covalent chemical bonds, would behave more like the flat graphene in our simulations and would provide additional protection. The temperature dependence of friction can potentially allow one to probe different relaxation mechanisms in the polymer [33][34]. In our previous work [23], we

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• surfaces. The changes in the micro- and macroscale morphology of the leaves should improve our understanding of the way that plants defend themselves against insect herbivores. Keywords: cuticular ridges; insect adhesion; leaf surfaces; ontogeny; polarity; surface replication; Introduction The plant

Cantilever signature of tip detachment during contact resonance AFM

• Devin Kalafut,
• Ryan Wagner,
• Maria Jose Cadena,
• Anil Bajaj and
• Arvind Raman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1286–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.96

• indentation model of Equation 3 are defined in conjunction with experimental observables. The adhesion force Fadh* and adhesion gap gadh are identified from the retraction force–distance curve taken just before vibration sweeps. While gadh is observed directly, Fadh requires multiplication with kcantilever

Two dynamic modes to streamline challenging atomic force microscopy measurements

• Alexei G. Temiryazev,
• Andrey V. Krayev and
• Marina P. Temiryazeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1226–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.90

• classical contact mode, the friction force can be measured; when using off-resonance dynamic modes, stiffness and adhesion in the samples can be determined. Obviously, in determining the mechanical properties, the force of tip–surface interaction should be somewhat greater than that required if the task is

• /hydrocarbons), and increased adhesion caused by the large contact area of a blunt tip. Regular AM-AFM feedback operation in the presence of sticking is very unstable and inhibits one from obtaining correct surface profile. Using the VM can help in this case. At each measurement point, we take a height

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• of a drug which is stabilized by the use of surfactants [48]. Therefore, a nanosuspension can be prepared by dispersing a nanocrystal or any other powdered material in an outer liquid medium using a stabilizing agent [45]. Furthermore, these nanosystems have shown increased adhesion to surfaces. The

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• into the master mould and solidified by raised temperature (thermosetting), cooling, or UV curing to produce crosslinking. It can then be peeled from the master mould, which can be repeatedly reused to produce more replica moulds. To reduce the adhesion of the soft replica mould, the surface of the

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• carrageenan gel retaining the antibacterial property [85]. A study based on an injectable composite of carrageenan and nanoscale hydroxyapatite as an injectable bone substitute showed good adhesion properties with no cytotoxicity in vitro, as shown in Figure 6 [116]. The nanocomposite also exhibited

• aggregation and sedimentation above pH 5 [117]. The stability was enhanced upon adhesion of carrageenan to the nanoparticle surface rendering it negatively charged. Although there are little reports on using carrageenan as a safe and sustainable component for synthesizing plasmonic metal nanomaterials, the

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu²⁺ ions

• Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
• Andrei Yu. Panarin,
• Irina A. Chelnokova,
• Sergei N. Terekhov,
• Peter Mojzes and
• Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

• the NPs are sticking out of the polymer layer. The adhesion image proves that the surface properties of the immobilized Ag NPs strongly differ from those on the glass substrate and that the polymer does not cover them. Weak citrate interaction with the Ag surface enables one to treat the NPs with

• microscope in PeakForceQNM mode with recording the adhesion force maps and topographic images. SERS measurements were carried out by using a scanning probe Raman microscope “NanoFlex” (Solar LS, Belarus). The source of excitation at 488.0 nm was an argon ion laser (Melles Griot, USA). Excitation and

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• topography, for example, adhesion, phase shift, stiffness, work function, or friction. In the following section, the utility of CNN in SPM is illustrated through several examples taken from the literature. Enhancing speed of image acquisition As discussed above, SPM imaging is inherently slow. One of the

• acquired using an enhanced scanning technique termed “ringing mode”, which simultaneously gives mappings of other surface properties together with topography [133]. In this case, it was found that whereas topography was a poor criterion for separating the two populations, adhesion was much better

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

• Thies H. Büscher and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 725–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.57

• principles of attachment pads with a special focus on insects, describe micro- and nanostructures, surface patterns, origin of different pads and their evolution, discuss the material properties (elasticity, viscoelasticity, adhesion, friction) and basic physical forces contributing to adhesion, show the

• might be potentially interesting for engineers as a kind of optimal solution by nature, the biomimetic implications of the discussed results are briefly presented. Keywords: adhesion; attachment devices; biomechanics; convergence; friction; substrate compliance; Review Animal attachment systems

• Attachment is of major importance in the biology of most living animals. Secure attachment to specific surfaces is essential for many animals, for example, to maintain access to nutrients and to support locomotion on any terrain that necessitates adhesion to the substrate. The properties of the specific

Prediction of Co and Ru nanocluster morphology on 2D MoS₂ from interaction energies

• Cara-Lena Nies and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 704–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.56

• adsorption. Using the formation of H2S from H2, we computed a vacancy formation energy of −6.16 eV, which confirms that defects are easily formed. Furthermore, our results showed that the presence of an S vacancy (giving a concentration of 2% vacancies per supercell) improved Cu adhesion and promoted the

• is more favourable than the metal–metal interaction. The interaction energy is also not affected by the incorporation of S into the Co cluster as is observed for the rhombus configuration at site hollow. This structure has very favourable adhesion to the ML, but the metal–metal interaction energy is

• this, as well as the symmetrical addition of atoms at the same site instead of non-equivalent sites, is correlated with the strength of adhesion. As n increases, Cu adsorption no longer depends on the adsorption site. Instead, the stability of structures is governed by the number of Cu–Cu bonds. This

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• nanoimprint. In another HIBL-related study, helium ion irradiation was used to induce varying degrees of cross-linking of aromatic self-assembled monolayers supported on a gold substrate, followed by removal of the non-cross-linked regions by adhesion to a PMMA film [112]. This leaves the exposed (cross

Stability and activity of platinum nanoparticles in the oxygen electroreduction reaction: is size or uniformity of primary importance?

• Kirill O. Paperzh,
• Anastasia A. Alekseenko,
• Vadim A. Volochaev,
• Ilya V. Pankov,
• Olga A. Safronenko and
• Vladimir E. Guterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.49

• features of spatial distributions), and the adhesion strength of NPs to the support [10]. The latter is likely to depend on the method/conditions of the synthesis [11]. The number of publications related to the effect of the structure of Pt/C catalysts on their activity, primarily in ORR, is rather large

• methods for synthesizing Pt/C can also have an effect on the surface of the carbon support and the strength of the platinum NPs adhesion to its surface. Thus, the positive effects of the structural uniformity can compensate for the size effect that has a negative influence on the NP stability. It is

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• in the manufacture of medical devices to prevent adhesion, colonization, and formation of microbial biofilms on the surfaces of these devices. Moreover, the history of AgNPs as a broad spectrum microbicidal agent places it as a viable candidate to be one of the basic ingredients of antibiotics to be

• binding between the virus and the host cell [109]. A viral infection begins with the adhesion or binding of the virus to the host receptors, followed by penetration, replication, and budding. The main antiviral strategies are to effectively block the binding of the virus to the host receptors (i.e, the

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

• , acquiring this targeted approach could enable the employment of higher doses that will result in a more effective therapy with fewer side effects. In vivo imaging of the epithelium of BM blood vessels revealed that the vasculature expresses the adhesion molecule E-selectin and the chemoattractant stromal

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• micrometers down to the nanometer scale. The cell surface plays a particularly important role. Electric signaling, including information processing, takes place at the membrane, as well as adhesion and contact. For osteoblasts, adhesion and spreading are crucial processes with regard to bone implants. Here we

• characteristic membrane protrusions. They contribute to the overall surface corrugation, which we systematically study by introducing the relative 3D excess area as a function of the projected adhesion area. A clear anticorrelation between the two parameters is found upon analysis of ca. 40 different cells on

• capability of apical membrane features and fluctuation dynamics in aiding the assessment of adhesion and migration properties on a single-cell basis. Keywords: cell adhesion; membrane fluctuations; osteoblast; plasma membrane nanomorphology; scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM); Introduction

Bulk chemical composition contrast from attractive forces in AFM force spectroscopy

• Dorothee Silbernagl,
• Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani,
• Natalia Cano Murillo,
• Anna Maria Elert and
• Heinz Sturm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 58–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.5

• used to identify the local chemical composition [31]. The attractive forces are acting on the AFM tip during the approach of the tip towards the sample surface (not to be confused with the adhesion force Fadh needed to separate the tip and the sample upon retraction). These attractive forces are highly

• is reached again (only shown in Figure 1b, blue dashed line). In this study, only the approach part of the acquired curves is considered and evaluated. Hence, only attractive forces from the approach part are evaluated, which are not identical to the adhesion forces, dominated by the force needed to

Nanomechanics of few-layer materials: do individual layers slide upon folding?

• Ronaldo J. C. Batista,
• Rafael F. Dias,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Alan B. de Oliveira,
• Taise M. Manhabosco,
• Thiago R. Gomes-Silva,
• Matheus J. S. Matos,
• Andreij C. Gadelha,
• Cassiano Rabelo,
• Luiz G. L. Cançado,
• Ado Jorio,
• Hélio Chacham and
• Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1801–1808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.162

• materials, also called “2D materials”, after exfoliation, eventually creating folded edges across the resulting flakes. We investigate the adhesion and flexural properties of single-layered and multilayered 2D materials upon folding in the present work. This is accomplished by measuring and modeling

• obtained interlayer adhesion energy for graphene (0.25 N/m) and talc (0.62 N/m) is in good agreement with recent experimental results and theoretical predictions. The obtained value for the adhesion energy of graphene on a silicon substrate is also in agreement with previous results. Keywords: analytical

• all those cases, the interlayer adhesion energy (α), the substrate adhesion energy (αs), and the bending stiffness (κ) govern folding, sliding, and wrinkling of 2D materials, which are ultimately responsible for those unusual kinds of behavior. α is intimately related to tribological properties of

Application of contact-resonance AFM methods to polymer samples

• Sebastian Friedrich and
• Brunero Cappella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1714–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.154

• , hence, can be used to calculate fn(α) analytically. Since Equation 12 can be inverted analytically, it is useful to express the contact stiffness as a function of the static load F. For a spherical or a paraboloidal tip and for a homogeneous sample, if sample adhesion to the AFM tip is negligible, that

• definitely too low for glass. As shown in this example, the proportionality between α and can be used to test values of γ, provided measurements are performed on homogeneous samples that are deformed only elastically and exhibit small adhesion, that is, the deformation of which can be described by Hertz

• ) The sample is described by Hertz theory, that is, plastic deformations, viscoelastic behavior, and adhesion are neglected [3][40]. Yet, adhesion has been shown to be indeed negligible for measurements on polymers such as PS and PMMA with a customary AFM tip [3]. (3) The description of the cantilever