Electrochemical nanostructuring of (111) oriented GaAs crystals: from porous structures to nanowires

• Elena I. Monaico,
• Eduard V. Monaico,
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki,
• Shashank Honnali,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Karin Leistner,
• Kornelius Nielsch and
• Ion M. Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 966–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.81

• nanostructures, including nanowires. Semiconductor nanowires, particularly III–V compound nanowires, show potential for their use as active components in solar cells [7][8][9][10], photodetectors [11], light-emitting diodes [12], transistors [13], and other applications. A uniform array of parallel nanowires

Extracting viscoelastic material parameters using an atomic force microscope and static force spectroscopy

• Cameron H. Parvini,
• M. A. S. R. Saadi and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 922–937, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.77

• knowledge about the nature of a given sample. There is a broad array of literature that covers spring–dashpot models and viscoelastic rheology, many of which provide helpful visualizations of the predicted material response [14][15][22]. Provided a relationship between model parameters and the material

• performed by creating an array from 0 to np in steps of 1 and multiplying by . Subtracting the repulsive potion of the deflection (drep) from zrep provides the tip position relative to its neutral point: The data utilized for fitting is the region where ztip is greater than zero, indicating the tip has

• begun penetrating the surface and coinciding with the start of force application on the sample. Trimming data before this point provides the final form of the time array t, the repulsive deflection drep, and the repulsive Z-Sensor values zrep utilized in the following sections. In the following, the

Integrated photonics multi-waveguide devices for optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy: design, fabrication and performance demonstration

• Gyllion B. Loozen,
• Arnica Karuna,
• Mohammad M. R. Fanood,
• Erik Schreuder and
• Jacob Caro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 829–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.68

• side channels of the microbath, to exploit capillary forces. The interference of the multiple beams produces an array of hot spots around the bath center, each forming a local trap. This property is clearly confirmed in the experiments and is registered in videos. We demonstrate the performance of a 2

• (Figure 5g). The detection waveguides are routed away from the center as a waveguide array and at the chip edge are merged into a multimode waveguide suitable for coupling to a multimode fiber. A thickness of 200 nm is appropriate for the Si3N4 layer, since it is just below the critical thickness that

• input waveguide of the chip using a fiber array unit (FAU) glued to its end. The chip is mounted on a sample holder. The FAU is aligned using manual translation stages for coarse alignment and piezoelectric stages for fine alignment. The polarization of the light coupled out by the fiber is

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• controlled formation and properties. Random generation in the material using bubble strain-induced SPEs is also demonstrated in [125]. Focused ion beam irradiation was used to mill holes in the h-BN to achieve array-like SPEs around the perimeter of the holes [126]. This method yield is very high compared to

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• of the 1D TiO2–Ag nanostructures prepared to date are Ag-nanoparticle-coated TiO2 (ACT), in which the catalytic efficiency of the catalyst is greatly decreased when the Ag loading is increased to a certain extent. Wang et al. [29] used the hydrothermal method to prepare an array of TiO2 nanocolumns

• whose outside surface was then coated with Ag particles by chemical deposition. After seven deposition cycles, the catalytic efficiency of the as-prepared TiO2–Ag film decreased significantly. A similar decline in the catalytic efficiency was observed in a TiO2 nanocolumn array fabricated by

• then subjected to a second oxidation treatment under the same conditions as the first oxidation step. After an oxidation time of 60 s, a single-pass AAO template with a pore diameter of 40 nm, a pore pitch of 65 nm, and a pore depth of 150 nm was obtained. Ag-TNC array preparation: An array of TiO2

A novel dry-blending method to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of polymer templates for OTFT electrodes

• Xiangdong Ye,
• Bo Tian,
• Yuxuan Guo,
• Fan Fan and
• Anjiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.53

• of the silicon template etched into the source–drain groove structure. The pattern of the array with uniform and regular lines is presented in the upper left corner of Figure 2a. Figure 2b shows the groove morphology before filling with SiO2 nanoparticles. It is clear from the groove structure of

• 15 × 15 × 1 mm, with the structure of the array on the template surface in the upper right corner. Figure 3b shows the microstructure of the PDMS/SiO2 composite template. The width is uniform and the structure is complete, and the surface of the composite template is clean. The cross-sectional

High dynamic resistance elements based on a Josephson junction array

• Konstantin Yu. Arutyunov and
• Janne S. Lehtinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 417–420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.32

• effect. Keywords: dynamic resistance; Josephson junction array; nanoelectronics; quantum phase slip; superconductivity; Ti nanowires; Introduction The field of modern nanoelectronics is facing stagnation with respect to further miniaturization, deviating from Moore’s law [1]. Typically, two main reason

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• consequently very low probability of any composition change of the material under irradiation. Conclusion Using Ar+ cluster ion beam irradiation we have formed nanoripple array structures on ZnO single crystal substrates and facets of ZnO nanorods. The nanoripple formation is significantly governed by the

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• enabled the construction of complex architectonics through DNA origami [37]. The self-recognition characteristics of DNA allows the development of a wide array of DNA-based nanoarchitectures by employing an array of designer sequences and motifs. In the earliest designs, the Holliday junction structure of

• the dTn chain length and temperature [85]. The multichromophoric array of NDI and oligo-dTn assembled over a gold substrate showed photocurrent generation due to electron conduction because of the π‐stacked array of the NDI assembly. In their next design approach, two separate zinc binding systems, Zn

• photocurrent (Figure 7b). However, the randomly assembled array of DPPNDI–dT40 immobilized across the gold electrode was unable to generate any photocurrent response owing to ground-state CT complexation of DPP with NDI in their random arrangement (Figure 7c). Tanaka, Ono, and co-workers reported the

A review of demodulation techniques for multifrequency atomic force microscopy

• David M. Harcombe,
• Michael G. Ruppert and
• Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 76–91, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.8

• multifrequency atomic force microscopy. The compared methods include the lock-in amplifier, coherent demodulator, Kalman filter, Lyapunov filter, and direct-design demodulator. Each method is implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) with a sampling rate of 1.5 MHz. The metrics for comparison include

• ; Kalman filter; Lyapunov filter; digital signal processing; field-programmable gate array (FPGA); Introduction Atomic force microscopy (AFM) [1] has enabled innovation in nanoscale engineering since it was invented in 1986 by Binnig and co-workers. Atomic-scale topographical resolution is achieved by

Gold and silver dichroic nanocomposite in the quest for 3D printing the Lycurgus cup

• Lars Kool,
• Floris Dekker,
• Anton Bunschoten,
• Glen J. Smales,
• Brian R. Pauw,
• Aldrik H. Velders and
• Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 16–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.2

• was illuminated by a “solar-like” LED array, the cup reflection shifted to a more brownish colour (Figure 2 and video in Supporting Information File 3). The difference between the two light sources lies in the coverage of the visible spectra. Even though the flashlight is perceived as white light, its

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• ) capillary with 75 μm internal diameter (Beckam Coulter, Brea, USA) and a photodiode array detector operating at 214 nm. The capillary was first conditioned by successive rinsing steps (all performed at 20 psi): 5 min with 1 M HCl, 2 min with deionized water, 10 min with 0.1 M NaOH, 2 min with deionized

Evaluation of click chemistry microarrays for immunosensing of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

• Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Dadfar,
• Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
• Vanessa Trouillet,
• Hui-Yu Liu,
• Ravi Kumar,
• Annie K. Powell and
• Michael Hirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2505–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.241

• signal of the spot array was quantified (Figure 4). As a general trend, higher fluorescence intensities are observed at an elevated temperature of 37 °C for all microarrays at the same incubation time. For room temperature incubation, the observed fluorescence intensity increases with incubation time for

• corresponding microarray sensors. The sensitivity of the epoxy–amine-based array was evaluated to be 9.8 ± 2.9 µg/mL, providing a rapid and inexpensive screening sensor compared to the more sensitive, but also much more elaborate detection approaches. Moreover, the approach can be extended towards label-free

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• the template-assisted assembly of gold nanospheres with patterned PDMS molds featuring square array geometries with lattice parameters of 400 to 1600 nm and hole diameters of 230 to 960 nm. Then 4-acetamidothiophenol at 10−4 mol/L was detected using this substrate. Domenici et al. [22] used electron

• beam lithography and self-assembly methods to fabricate gold clusters of micrometer size and regular spacing. Subsequently, the detection resolution of 4-acetamidothiophenol was 0.05 g/L using the substrate. Nanoparticle cluster array structures with a size of 40 nm were fabricated by electron beam

Deterministic placement of ultra-bright near-infrared color centers in arrays of silicon carbide micropillars

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Abdul Salam Al Atem,
• Faraz Ahmed Inam,
• Hans Jürgen von Bardeleben,
• Sophie Hameau,
• Ahmed Fahad Almutairi,
• Gérard Guillot,
• Shin-ichiro Sato,
• Alberto Boretti and
• Jean Marie Bluet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2383–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.229

• enhancement of the optical emission between 850 and 1400 nm of an ensemble of silicon mono-vacancies (VSi), silicon and carbon divacancies (VCVSi), and nitrogen vacancies (NCVSi) in an n-type 4H-SiC array of micropillars. The micropillars have a length of ca. 4.5 μm and a diameter of ca. 740 nm, and were

• micropillars sample is magnified and not to scale for illustration purposes. Confocal image and zoom image of a 10 × 10 µm2 VSi fluorescent micropillar array excited by a 730 nm laser. (a) Sample 1 excited by 30 µW laser power. (b) Sample 2 excited by 0.7 mW laser power. (c) Sample 3 excited by 1.5 mW laser

• power. (d) Sample 4 excited by 4.3 mW laser power. An Olympus 0.85 NA infrared objective was used. Confocal image and zoom image of a 10 × 10 µm2 NCVSi fluorescent micropillars array excited by a 980 nm laser, recorded using InGaAs single-photon detectors. An Olympus 0.85 NA infrared objective was used

Integration of sharp silicon nitride tips into high-speed SU8 cantilevers in a batch fabrication process

• Nahid Hosseini,
• Matthias Neuenschwander,
• Oliver Peric,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Jonathan D. Adams and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2357–2363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.226

• roughness sample in tapping mode. (a) The AFM image of the polycrystalline titanium roughness sample, used for the tip radius measurement. The average tip radius of 20 randomly chosen cantilevers is 9 nm. The image size is 2 × 2 µm at 512 × 512 pixels while the array dimension for the tip estimation is 55

Use of data processing for rapid detection of the prostate-specific antigen biomarker using immunomagnetic sandwich-type sensors

• Camila A. Proença,
• Tayane A. Freitas,
• Thaísa A. Baldo,
• Elsa M. Materón,
• Flávio M. Shimizu,
• Gabriella R. Ferreira,
• Frederico L. F. Soares,
• Ronaldo C. Faria and
• Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr.

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2171–2181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.210

• a significant parameter for immunosensors. It was checked by using eight working electrodes in an array prepared under the same conditions, with the electrochemical response obtained at a given PSA concentration. The relative standard deviation in percent varied from 6% to 9%, with similar

• solutions were prepared with ultrapure water (18 MΩ·cm at 25 °C) obtained from a Milli-Q Direct-0.3 (Millipore) purification system. Fabrication of sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensors The multi-channel screen-printed array of electrodes was fabricated according to the procedures established by Faria

• MNPs. It was monitored by injecting a solution containing 1.0 μmol·L−1 of H2O2 and 10 μmol·L−1 of hydroquinone (HQ) in the microfluidic system. The amperometric measurements were performed using a DropSens μStat 8000 multi-potentiostat/galvanostat. The multichannel screen-printed array contained eight

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• measurements, the sensitivity of the magnetic field is 0.9 pT·Hz−1/2 for a 20 kHz magnetic field [35]. Other NV sensors can be made in an array of NVs in bulk diamond or as nanostructures in bulk diamond, such as nanopillars. This second approach suffers from a lack of scalability in sensor fabrication, so it

• with a DC electric current induced through a micro-coil to achieve a DC gradient. Four ODMR peaks, corresponding to the four NV sites in the array, are clearly seen. This allows the control of an individual NV site (which holds three identical NVs) using different ODMR frequencies. Site-selective

• computation and quantum network protocol applications. Nitrogen implantation through lithography-style mask apertures allows the creation of NV centers with high spatial resolution and fine pitch due to the achievable aperture closeness. Such a method used to create an array of NV centers in diamond for

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• an organic field-effect transistor, which was used for the sensitive detection of small organic acid molecules, such as citric acid [142]. Hattori and co-workers fabricated an ATP/ADP sensitive image sensor by immobilization of apyrase as a self-assembled monolayer on a 128 × 128 pixel array

Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties

• Andre Mähringer,
• Julian M. Rotter and
• Dana D. Medina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196

• array of pillar-like structures with a cross-section of 20–30 nm and evident gaps between the pillars of about 150 nm for both samples (see Figure 2B,C). Cross-section SEM micrographs clearly visualize an array of vertically aligned MOF needles on the surface plane. In addition, a uniform film thickness

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• delivery, biosensing, chemical separation, nanoscale reactors, and catalysis [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. While these examples represent a vast array of potential applications using nanocapsules, one particularly interesting application involves the use of NIR-responsive metal nanoparticles to

Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

• Dominik Wrana,
• Karol Cieślik,
• Wojciech Belza,
• Christian Rodenbücher,
• Krzysztof Szot and
• Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

• nanowire array embedded in an insulator matrix, and to properly disentangle the electronic properties of both structures a technique with nanoscale resolution is needed. Indeed with the use of the LC-AFM technique, the conductivity of the developed nanostructures at the nanoscale can be characterized

• influence the work function (WF) on the nanoscale. a) 3D view of the combined topography and the WF of TiO/SrTiO3. b,c) Topography and work function profiles of two areas on the same TiO nanowire. KPFM lateral resolution on high TiO/STO structures. a) Topography and b) work function of TiO nanowire array on

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• their lateral surface pressure at the air–water interface. The fabricated array structures of nanodisks can be also transferred to metal surfaces such as platinum surfaces. The examples demonstrated that the combination of rather ambiguous molecular interactions and transfer processes can create precise

Unipolar magnetic field pulses as an advantageous tool for ultrafast operations in superconducting Josephson “atoms”

• Daria V. Popolitova,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy and
• Olga V. Tikhonova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1548–1558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.152

• quantum (RSFQ) circuits. Namely, a Josephson transmission line realized as a parallel array of lumped Josephson junctions coupled by superconducting inductances was chosen as a control line supporting the flux to be quantized. One cell of the transmission line was magnetically coupled with the qubit so