Sensitive detection of hydrocarbon gases using electrochemically Pd-modified ZnO chemiresistors

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 82–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.9

• such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) [26]. The magnitude of the variation of the electrical resistance gives a direct measure of the concentration of the analyte gas [25]. In the last decades, different nanostructured MOx-based gas sensors with improved performance in the HC gas

Nanostructured SnO₂–ZnO composite gas sensors for selective detection of carbon monoxide

• Paul Chesler,
• Cristian Hornoiu,
• Susana Mihaiu,
• Cristina Vladut,
• Jose Maria Calderon Moreno,
• Mihai Anastasescu,
• Carmen Moldovan,
• Bogdan Firtat,
• Costin Brasoveanu,
• George Muscalu,
• Ion Stan and
• Mariuca Gartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2045–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.195

• an ecologically friendly preparation technique. Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most dangerous gases present in our surrounding environment. As it does not have a specific smell, color or taste, CO detection is impossible without special warning systems [24]. When organic matter is oxidized the

• technology is still intensely used, or in crowded cities with high levels of pollution produced by internal combustion engines. Existing commercial sensors are used as a warning system (in general, acoustic alarms are set off) to the otherwise undetectable carbon monoxide [25]. The presence of CO in very

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• in the chamber [56]; laser-assisted thermal CVD, where a continuous wave CO2 laser with medium power is applied perpendicular to a substrate, then pyrolyses sensitized mixtures of acetylene and Fe(CO)5 vapor in a flow reactor [57]; and high-pressure catalytic decomposition of carbon monoxide (HiPco

• ), where carbon monoxide and catalyst particles generated from the decomposition of Fe(CO)5 flow into a high pressure reactor (up to 10 atm) at temperatures from 800–1200 °C [58]. With the HiPco method, a large yield (>10 g/day) and narrow nanotubes can be produced [59]. Graphene Despite their excellent

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• accidents [116]. In recent years, researchers tried to get rid of toxic and flammable reagents, such as hydrazine, sodium borohydride, carbon monoxide, and dimethyl formamide (DMF) in the synthesis of NPs [90]. Green synthesis of NPs Metal NPs can be produced and stabilized by various physical and chemical

Alternative types of molecule-decorated atomic chains in Au–CO–Au single-molecule junctions

• Zoltán Balogh,
• Péter Makk and
• András Halbritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1369–1376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.141

• we compare these results to former theoretical calculations considering bridge- and atop-type molecular configurations where the latter has reduced conductance due to destructive Fano interference. Keywords: atomic chains; break junction; carbon monoxide; correlation analysis; gold; Introduction

Pt- and Pd-decorated MWCNTs for vapour and gas detection at room temperature

• Hamdi Baccar,
• Atef Thamri,
• Pierrick Clément,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 919–927, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.95

• application of this concept by producing platinum-decorated carbon nanotubes by means of a wet-chemistry technique [27]. Star et al. electroplated carbon nanotubes with gold, rhodium, palladium or platinum to obtain metal-decorated nanotubes as gas sensors for carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, methane

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

• clean hydrogen sources and a sizable hydrogen infrastructure limits the fuel-cell applications today. Due to their elevated operating temperatures, between 150 and 180 °C, HT-PEMFCs can tolerate fuel contaminants such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) without significant loss of

• impurities such as carbon monoxide in the hydrogen fuel, and much simplified thermal and water management of the system. Hence, there are good reasons to develop fuel cell systems that can operate above 120 °C. At this moment, however, no commercial HT-PEMFCs have been developed to meet the reliability and

Manganese oxide phases and morphologies: A study on calcination temperature and atmospheric dependence

• Matthias Augustin,
• Daniela Fenske,
• Ingo Bardenhagen,
• Anne Westphal,
• Martin Knipper,
• Thorsten Plaggenborg,
• Joanna Kolny-Olesiak and
• Jürgen Parisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 47–59, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.6

• especially useful for application as molecular sieves and absorbents for the removal of toxic species from waste gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide [6][7][8]. Additionally, manganese oxide structures exhibiting oxygen vacancies provide additional active sites for reduction and oxidation

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

• Anastasios Stergiou,
• Georgia Pagona and
• Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

• EDTA and re-complexes after fresh addition of Fe(II) (Scheme 2). Furthermore, Fe–tpy–GO was tested as a catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and found to be durable against carbon monoxide poisoning and to exhibit a higher fuel selectivity compared with commercially available Pt/C electro

Restructuring of an Ir(210) electrode surface by potential cycling

• Khaled A. Soliman,
• Dieter M. Kolb,
• Ludwig A. Kibler and
• Timo Jacob

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1349–1356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.148

• anisotropically in a preferred direction and reach a height of about 5 nm after 4 h of cycling. The structural changes are reflected in variations of the electrocatalytic activity towards carbon monoxide adlayer oxidation. Keywords: CO adlayer oxidation; cyclic voltammetry; Ir(210) single crystal; potential

• electrochemically. The simple polarization of Ir(210) at positive potentials did not lead to the formation of facets. However, potential cycling into the surface oxidation potential region leads to a restructuring of the Ir(210) surface. Carbon monoxide adlayer oxidation was chosen as a structure-sensitive reaction

• measurement, the single crystal was annealed at 1700 °C by inductive heating in a stream of nitrogen gas (5.0, MTI IndustrieGase AG, Neu-Ulm, Germany) mixed with carbon monoxide (4.7, MTI) or hydrogen (5.0, MTI). The annealing temperature was controlled (contact-free) by an infrared pyrometer (Infratherm IGAR

Effects of palladium on the optical and hydrogen sensing characteristics of Pd-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Anh-Thu Thi Do,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thu Thi Do,
• Ngan Quang Pham and
• Giang Truong Ho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1261–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.140

• sensitivity of the ZnO– 0.5 wt % Pd sensor depends on the operating temperature. This is shown in Figure 5 for 1 vol % of hydrogen, H2, carbon monoxide, CO, and for propane, C3H8. The comparison of the specificity of the sensor for the studied gases at 250 °C shows that the sensor is highly sensitive to H2

Carbon dioxide hydrogenation to aromatic hydrocarbons by using an iron/iron oxide nanocatalyst

• Hongwang Wang,
• Jim Hodgson,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Prem S. Thapa,
• David Moore,
• Xiaorong Wu,
• Myles Ikenberry,
• Deryl L. Troyer,
• Donghai Wang,
• Keith L. Hohn and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 760–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.88

• is overcompensated during runs 6–10 by the deposition of carbon from the catalytic reaction. Carbon deposition is typically observed during the reaction of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide with molecular hydrogen at iron oxide [53]. Interestingly, carbon can be (partially) removed from the surface

• a process for producing a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and water at modest temperatures on iron/thallium catalysts [68]. Although no mechanisms are discussed, it is of importance that Wright et al. also found that aromatic hydrocarbons are easily formed on

• Fe3O4. The latter is formed from Fe in the presence of H2O in the temperature range of interest. Finally, it should be noted that carbon suboxide undergoes thermolysis to carbon monoxide and dicarbon monoxide (C2O) [69]. Although this process is observed at distinctly higher temperatures in the gas

Adsorption and oxidation of formaldehyde on a polycrystalline Pt film electrode: An in situ IR spectroscopy search for adsorbed reaction intermediates

• Zenonas Jusys and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 747–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.87

• hydrogen in the methanol adsorbate on an emersed polycrystalline Pt electrode was suggested from electrochemical thermal desorption mass spectrometry (ECTDMS) measurements based on the detection of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and traces of carbon dioxide during thermal desorption [44]. In a series of recent

Design criteria for stable Pt/C fuel cell catalysts

• Josef C. Meier,
• Carolina Galeano,
• Ioannis Katsounaros,
• Jonathon Witte,
• Hans J. Bongard,
• Angel A. Topalov,
• Claudio Baldizzone,
• Stefano Mezzavilla,
• Ferdi Schüth and
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 44–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.5

• degradation tests and thus needs to be considered to enable a fair comparison. The changes in the platinum surface area of the three catalysts were monitored in between the degradation test via electrochemical oxidation of an adsorbed carbon monoxide monolayer, as described in the Experimental section

• complete platinum surface is covered with adsorbed carbon monoxide, which suppresses the adsorption of hydrogen or other species. The oxidation of the adsorbed CO to CO2 finally starts in the positively directed scan at potentials around 0.7 VRHE and results in a pronounced CO-stripping peak. Beyond the CO

• characteristic change of the shape of the carbon monoxide oxidation peak. In particular, before the degradation cycles, the oxidation peak spans a very broad potential range from 0.72 VRHE to potentials above 1.0 VRHE, and has a pronounced shoulder at about 0.85 VRHE and a maximum at 0.91 VRHE. After 360

Focused electron beam induced deposition: A perspective

• Michael Huth,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Schwalb,
• Marcel Winhold,
• Roland Sachser,
• Maja Dukic,
• Jonathan Adams and
• Georg Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 597–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.70

• Shubnikov phase of epitaxial Nb thin films [43][44][45][46]. Two issues have to be considered here. Firstly, the precursor is relatively unstable and dissociates, in particular under vacuum conditions, via the intermediate tetracobalt dodecarbonyl, into Co and carbon monoxide. Combined experimental and

Conducting composite materials from the biopolymer kappa-carrageenan and carbon nanotubes

• Ali Aldalbahi,
• Jin Chu,
• Peter Feng and
• Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 415–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.48

• nanotubes (MWNTs) produced by catalytic chemical vapour deposition were obtained from Nanocyl S.A. (Belgium, lot # 090901). Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), produced by high-pressure decomposition of carbon monoxide (HiPCO process), were purchased from Unidym Inc. (USA, lot # P0348). Glycerin was

Towards a scalable and accurate quantum approach for describing vibrations of molecule–metal interfaces

• David M. Benoit,
• Bruno Madebene,
• Inga Ulusoy,
• Luis Mancera,
• Yohann Scribano and
• Sergey Chulkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 427–447, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.48

• provides important information on the bond strength and location of the adsorbate. A typical example is carbon monoxide, which can be used as a surface probe, as the C=O stretch frequency is very sensitive to the adsorption site of the molecule. This property was identified very early on, and was used by