Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• transmission of influenza [11][12][15] or SARS-CoV-2 [14] via aerosols. These viruses are enveloped (by glycosylated lipid bilayers) and display very large multimers of nanoscale glycoproteins (i.e., spikes), which control virus attachment and fusion to the host cells [16]. Glycosylation, often with mannosides

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• smaller molecules [48]. Biofilms adhering to the plastic surfaces are required for biological degradation since they secrete enzymes that degrade polymers outside cells [49]. As noted by Rai et al., biofilms can speed up the breakdown of MPs, even though such a process is prone to interference from

• fluctuations release toxic byproducts and nanoplastics, which are more bioavailable and more easily taken up by cells [118][119]. These collective mechanisms of toxicity are a threat to freshwater biodiversity and human health. Their activity is particularly vital to individuals relying on such water for

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• for the electron transport through graphene with one to six layers, compared to h-BN with one to six layers, are summarized in Figure 4, Table 1, Figure 5, and Table 2. Those junctions correspond to 0.5–3.0 nm thickness. The junctions in Figure 4 and Figure 5 are prepared from optimized unit cells of

• Pt(111) surface, graphene, and h-BH using the QuantumWise ATK interface builder. The process involves strain minimization in the lattice mismatch by symmetry multiplication of the unit cells. The junctions shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 have 1.06% distributed strain over Pt and graphene or h-BN. The

• distance between graphene or h-BN and the Pt surface is set to 3.2 Å. The central region includes six layers of the source electrode and six layers of the drain electrode. The electrode supercells are 3 × 3 × 3 Pt unit cells. The (I/V) curves are computed using the methodology described in Equations 2–10

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• assays demonstrated high cell viability for ME at concentrations below 2 mg/mL in RAW 264.7 macrophages and 0.5 mg/mL in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Overall, this work presents a promising nanotechnology-based topical delivery platform for P. setacea seed oil, employing quality by design

• lines relevant to wound healing and topical application: murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (Figure 11). According to ISO 10993-13 guidelines, the base ME was considered cytocompatible up to concentrations of 2 mg/mL for RAW cells and 0.5 mg/mL for HUVECs

• . The observed cytotoxicity at higher concentrations is likely due to the increase proportion of surfactants in the formulation. Additionally, under certain experimental conditions, fatty acids may induce lipid peroxidation and trigger pro-inflammatory responses in endothelial cells such as HUVECs

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• , cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes [11][12]. Historically known especially for its antimicrobial properties, silver has been used since ancient times. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are synthesized by different synthesis mechanisms; they are non-toxic to eukaryotic cells, including human cells, but highly toxic

• to prokaryotic cells including microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi [13]. Therefore, silver-based nanoparticles have been the subject of many biomedical studies [14][15][16][17][18]. In a study conducted in this context; the effects of α-AgS nanoparticles produced using the fungus

• Humicola sp. in biomedical applications were investigated. Cancer experiments were carried out using breast cancer and Burkitt’s lymphoma cancer cells, while the biocompatibility tests of α-AgS nanoparticles were also conducted using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) [18]. Additionally

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• global community can work towards reducing the overall burden of cancer. In 2000, Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg introduced the hallmarks of cancer [22], a comprehensive set of capabilities and characteristics that define the cellular and molecular traits of cancer cells. These hallmarks have been

• , nontraditional approach in cancer treatment and an active research area. In this approach, engineered NMs, acting as nanocarriers, selectively and specifically target cancer cells to deliver drug payloads. The NMs can distinguish between cancer cells and healthy cells; thereby minimising adverse effects

• cases, is invasive and not always feasible, especially if cancer has metastasised. Radiation therapy similarly suffers if the cancer has metastasised, and may damage healthy tissues and organs, causing long-term complications. Chemotherapy can also indiscriminately kill healthy cells and result in

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• describing the ultrastructure and elemental composition of the cement cells and their secretion. Different adhesive proteins are packaged in one or the other of two types of cement cells, namely, those containing homogeneous granules and those containing heterogeneous granules with lamellar inclusions

• organ is the external part of an extended glandular system comprising two types of cement cells located in the parathoracic region of the worm, around the digestive tract and at the base of parapodia. The two types of cells can be distinguished by the morphology of their secretory granules, which are

• characterization of the adhesive system of S. alveolata through the ultrastructural and chemical characterization of the two types of adhesive cells and the cement they produce, as well as the identification of new adhesive protein candidates. Another goal is to address the gap in knowledge about adhesive protein

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• endothelial and neuronal cells than that of the negative control LNP without peptide [40]. Notably, these enhancements remained consistent in pLNPs pretreated with serum, indicating that the peptide-conjugated LNPs using DSPE-PEG-maleimide retained targeting ability despite protein corona formation

• maleimide groups are effective for ligand attachment to LNP surface and targeted delivery [40][41]. A dual-targeted LNP system composed of two functionalized PEG lipids was created for ligand-mediated targeting of DNA-loaded LNPs to breast cancer cells [42]. DSPE-PEG-folate was directly incorporated into

• the LNP formulation as a targeting ligand for folate receptor-positive breast cancer cells [43]. The other ligand, anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody Herceptin, was first thiolated using N-succinimidyl S-acetylthioacetate and then conjugated to DSPE-PEG-maleimide at a 1:4 molar ratio, with unreacted

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• terpenes but with enhanced safety for Galleria mellonella larvae and human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). Additionally, NEs facilitated dispersion in aqueous environments. In conclusion, nanoemulsions are safe, eco-friendly, and effective nanosystems capable of enhancing the larvicidal and insecticidal

• and 12.5 µg/mL, LC90 values of 22.6 µg/mL and 21.6 µg/mL for laboratory and field, respectively. In comparison to the unformulated essential oil, the nanoemulsion maintained its effectiveness for an extended period of up to 29 days. While genotoxic effects were not observed in Allium cepa cells, a

• cells and in adult Wistar rats via oral administration. The assays revealed no hemolytic, cytotoxic, or toxic effects, with IC50 above 2000 mg/kg, indicating a good environmental safety profile of the formulation. Suresh et al. (2020) investigated the use of nanoemulsions containing Crithmum maritimum

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• the concept of applying a small number of key cells, which should create precisely engineered tunable inhomogeneities. Such inhomogeneity may be designed as an element of tunable kinetic inductance [17]. This element has high inductance at small scales and can be controlled using currents [18][19

• fundamental building block of our design is the “kinetic inductance controllable key” (KICK), which is constructed from the two modified unit cells of an all-Josephson Junction Transmission Line (all-JJTL). As depicted in Figure 1a, each cell is modified by incorporating a controlled kinetic inductance in

• envision it serving as a reconfigurable “backbone” to link various specialized functional units within a larger integrated circuit. For example, the WayMatrix could be configured to connect arrays of memory cells to arithmetic logic units or to route data between different processing cores. Another key

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• . coli BL21 (DE3) cells as previously described [21] and purified by two step purification, that is, immobilised metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) followed by ion exchange chromatography (IEC). For IMAC, the Co-IDA resin column was washed with 25 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) containing 150 mM NaCl and

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• demonstrated that these nanoparticles exhibit low toxicity, effectiveness against antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, and strong colloidal stability, ensuring long-term dispersion [26][27]. Additionally, they exhibit antioxidant activity and selective cytotoxic effects on tumor cells, including oral cancer

• conducted exclusively in vitro experiments, with no progression to in vivo experimentation in 53.7% (n = 53) of cases. Moreover, 47.8% (n = 45) lacked cytotoxicity assessments or evaluations in human cells. This gap raises important concerns regarding the long-term biocompatibility, biodistribution, and

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• diterpenes exhibit promising antileishmanial activity while displaying low toxicity to host cells [13][14][15]. One such compound is a phytol, a highly lipophilic, acyclic monounsaturated diterpene alcohol derived from chlorophyll metabolism in plants [16], and has demonstrated promising antileishmanial

• presented in Table 1. 3T3 fibroblast-like cell viability Cell viability in mammalian cells was assessed using 3T3 fibroblast-like cells at 24 and 48 hours (Figure 3). Our results showed that none of the treatments induced significant cytotoxicity in this cell type at 24 hours. However, at 48 hours

• , cytotoxicity was observed in cells treated with free PHYT and blank-NE at a concentration of 200 µg/mL, resulting in 67% and 71% cell viability, respectively. Interestingly, PHYT-NE remained safe at all tested concentrations and time points, with cell viability above 80% even at the highest concentration. In

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• the mucus layer which acts as a barrier that must be overcome in the oral administration of drugs [7]. Another intrinsic physical barrier of the GIT is the intestinal epithelium (Figure 1), which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells, including enterocytes and secretory cells. Drug passage

• through the epithelium occurs via the transcellular and paracellular pathways, as well as through M cells located on the surface of Peyer’s patches [8]. Positioned under the mucus layer, the intestinal epithelium plays crucial roles in defending against hostile contents, selectively absorbing nutrients

• , and maintaining homeostasis within the GIT. The diverse cells of the intestinal epithelium can be explored as therapeutic targets for oral absorption, given the significant roles they play in the epithelial barrier [9]. Nanotechnology is a field that focuses on the study and production of nanometric

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• /mTOR/S6 pathway [5], and SOX2/miR-30e/USP4/SMAD4/CK2 pathway [6] are important mechanisms promoting the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Some of the pathogenesis and risk factors of ESCC and EAC are shown in Figure 1. The initial clinical manifestations of both conditions are often nonspecific and

• cancer cells, thereby significantly enhancing tumor-specific drug accumulation. Concurrently, siRNA-mediated silencing of MDR1 effectively suppresses P-gp-mediated drug efflux, overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumor cells. By integrating active targeting, gene silencing, and chemosensitization

• , this synergistic strategy presents a promising approach to circumvent chemotherapy resistance in cancer treatment. In general, DNA aptamers have higher thermal stability, RNA aptamers are richer in secondary structure, and peptide aptamers are smaller in size and easier to enter cells [29]. Furthermore

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• >75% cell viability in L929 cells and ~10% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant effect. These findings support the multifunctional potential (cytocompatibility and antioxidant) of sterile OphtNE-3.66%(K1%) for the treatment of DED, emphasizing the need for in vivo studies to ensure its

• analytical grade reagents were used as received from the supplier without further purification. Ultrapure water was obtained from a Milli-Q® (Merck Millipore) direct water purification system (18.2 MΩ·cm) and used for all aqueous solutions. L-929 cells (code 0188) were obtained from the Banco de Células do

• absorbance of the nanoformulation, and Absblank represents the absorbance of the sample without DPPH (sample + ethanol). Cytotoxicity assay L929 fibroblast cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% (v/v) penicillin–streptomycin, and 1% (v/v) GlutaMAX

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• the bending motion of the scale. One crucial influencing factor is the difference within or between tissues, as Eger et al. [23] highlighted. The authors measured the relative change of moisture content as a function of relative humidity by gravimetric water uptake measurements of the sclereid cells

• tissues. Furthermore, they described a porosity gradient in the sclereid cell layer, without distinguishing between the sclereid cell layer and the brown tissue layer. The more porous adaxial sclereid cells they described are consistent with the earlier description of the brown tissue between the sclereid

• layer and the sclerenchyma fibers [12]. Other approaches have also observed a gradient in the cross-sectional shape of the prosenchymatous cells of sclerenchyma fibers of Pinus elliottii cones and higher tensile strength of the abaxial compared to the adaxial side of the sclerenchyma fibers [18

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• new research fields with respect to traditional surface science, such as corrosion and battery research, with specifically designed electrochemical cells suitable for APXPS measurements [8]. The SPECIES & HIPPIE beamlines SPECIES is a soft X-ray beamline on the 1.5 GeV ring. It covers a wide photon

• fields of, among others, catalysis research, material characterization, and thin film deposition, utilizing dedicated cells. HIPPIE, on the 3 GeV ring, covers a wider photon energy range than SPECIES (250 to 2500 eV), also with variable polarization [10]. It has two branches, each with its own

• reactions in batteries, fuel cells, corrosion, and electrocatalysis. With the advent of ambient pressure setups and specially designed sample environments, APXPS now allows for direct probing of the chemical and electronic structure at solid–liquid interfaces under realistic conditions. This capability

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• agents. Consequently, the combination of natural products with nanotechnology holds significant therapeutic potential. Keywords: cancer; immunotherapy; nanotechnology; natural products; patent; review; Introduction Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells

• tumor cells. This highly specialized network includes cells such as T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells, as well as soluble mediators like cytokines and chemokines, which regulate inflammatory and adaptive responses [5][6]. However, cancer often employs strategies

• T-lymphocyte associated protein 4), which inhibit T-cell activation, allowing cancer cells to escape immune-mediated destruction [8]. Immunotherapy shows promise as a cancer treatment approach, encompassing strategies such as monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, antitumor vaccines

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• vitro, creates a challenge for drug delivery systems aiming to effectively target affected tissues or cells [14][15]. Nanocarriers have been widely studied for enabling prolonged circulation and sustained drug release over time, depending on their structural properties [16][17]. Therefore, protein

• carriers, further investigation is required to assess their safety profile. In vitro cytotoxicity assays on relevant cell lines, particularly immune or epithelial cells and long-term biocompatibility studies, including histopathological analysis following repeated administration, will be essential to

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• material with rectilinear interface. Triangular structures were selected for their isotropic properties, which help minimize the impact of loading direction deviations during testing. The metamaterial structure consisted of unit cells with a uniform beam thickness of 1.8 mm (Figure 2G). The effective

• of the unit cells beams (η = L/t) [39]. This equation was used to calculate the beam thicknesses of the three mechanical metamaterials configurations with different gradients of the base material. The triangular metamaterial had a beam length of L = 12.29 mm and a thickness of t =2.0 mm, resulting in

Few-photon microwave fields for superconducting transmon-based qudit control

• Irina A. Solovykh,
• Andrey V. Pashchenko,
• Natalya A. Maleeva,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Olga V. Tikhonova and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1580–1591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.112

• systems of linear equations, and analyzing heat conduction equations [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The basis for the physical implementation of these computations is a quantum processor consisting of computational cells called qudits, whose states can be represented with satisfactory accuracy in the form of a

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• magnetic heads for recording and reading information, memory cells, and other devices [11] which utilize magnetic properties of materials. Magnetic properties of nanofilms [12][13], in particular cobalt nanofilms, represent an important subject of research in both theoretical and practical fields of

• material structure corresponded to a face-centered cubic crystal lattice (fcc). The size of the system in the first problem was small at 500 atoms (5 × 5 × 5 elementary crystal cells) and was due to the study of a similar system in [22]. The appearance of the modeled cobalt crystallite and the magnetic

• ) nanofilms containing 20 elementary crystal cells along the x and y axes were considered. The thickness of the films in the z-axis direction was varied in the range from 5 to 20 in steps of one elementary crystal cell. As studies show, the magnetic ordering in cobalt nanofilms with a thickness of less than

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• this progress. The use of nanomaterials has notably contributed to advancements in the fields of disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. They can closely interact with cells and molecules of the body due to their small size, which helps to diagnose, enhance imaging, and repair damaged tissues

• diagnostics and medical imaging. Using these materials, physicians diagnose diseases earlier and more accurately than before [4]. In tissue engineering, nanofibers are being used to develop scaffolds to promote the proliferation of cells. These scaffolds aid patients suffering from chronic wounds as they

• promote the healing of damaged tissues or organs [5]. Photothermal treatments are also possible with nanomaterials, as specially prepared particles can heat up and destroy cancer cells when exposed to light [6]. Moreover, nanomaterials can be incorporated into implants and prosthetics for enhanced

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, and solar cells. In this review article, we describe different methods of nanocolloidal synthesis using laser-assisted processes and corresponding thin film fabrication methods, particularly those utilized for device fabrication and characterization. The four

• CuPc films [105]. In order to fabricate a NP/graphene nanocomposite, drops of colloidal solutions from each samples were cast and spin-coated onto graphene substrates to obtain a “starry-sky” morphology, which can be used in fuel cells, sensors, catalysis, and electronic and optical devices [106

• pulsed laser ablation, and used the NPs to fabricate Cu–In composite NPs and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin film solar cells through EPD [134][135]. They used cathodic EPD, where the substrate serves as the cathode, to prevent potential oxidation of the metallic NPs and substrate that could occur on the anode