Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• carbohydrate coatings. Finally, revealing the water adsorption on dimannoside from dryness to high humidity offers new insights into the molecular role of these surface residues also from a biophysical perspective, which is especially valuable when the biological objects in question are highly pathogenic. Size

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• graphene-based electronics and as a dielectric material in nanoelectronics devices. It finds application regarding corrosion resistance and antioxidation protective coatings [19]. Due to its high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation, h-BN is used in thermal management applications. h-BN is used

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• stabilising surface coatings are employed to preserve nanoparticle stability over time. The degree of functionalisation is also a key consideration as surface modifications can enhance solubility, targeting ability, and biocompatibility. Consistent functionalisation is necessary to ensure reproducibility and

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• in optical and photocatalytic applications, particularly in regenerative procedures and dental coatings [48][49]. The sparse use of other metals such as magnesium, iron, selenium, and cerium oxides suggests ongoing exploration of less conventional materials with niche properties, possibly linked to

• coatings for dental and orthodontic surfaces. Beyond the initial findings, nanoparticles have also been incorporated into a wide range of preventive and restorative dental materials. Composite resins and glass ionomer cements reinforced with silver or zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibit enhanced antimicrobial

• regenerative potential of biomaterials applied in clinical settings. Implantology is another emerging area of application, where nanoparticle-based coatings are used to reduce peri-implant biofilm formation and enhance osseointegration [9][19]. Titanium implants functionalized with green-synthesized AgNPs or

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• yield. Such properties are promising for applications including photocatalytic water purification, self-cleaning surfaces, and light-activated antimicrobial coatings [20]. The elemental composition of the modified films was characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and elastic recoil

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• hydrophilic polymers (e.g., polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysaccharides) or mucoadhesive agents such as chitosan, which can enhance colloidal stability, promote mucus permeation, and protect the nanocarrier from enzymatic degradation in the GIT. Such coatings have been explored to improve the pharmacokinetic

• detailed discussion of examples of polymeric coatings on NPs intended for oral administration, using both synthetic and natural polymers [70][71]. Polymer properties such as Tg, solubility, crystallinity, and molecular weight are interrelated and have a significant impact on the permeability of NPs

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• remediation, and other light-driven processes. Atomic layer deposition Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a critical thin-film technology widely used in semiconductors, nanoelectronics, energy storage, catalysis, and advanced coatings. It enables atomically precise control over film thickness and composition

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• system complexity. Preventive approaches, such as glutenin-genipin cross-linked coatings, effectively reduce plastic shedding under harsh conditions using biodegradable materials; however, they address only source control and lack proven scalability. Imine-functionalized mesoporous magnetic silica

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• are currently used, as well as fundamental features of the thin film formation processes with new composition and coatings of various types. These types of nanomaterials are very promising (in terms of computational performance and energy dissipation efficiency) for use in superconducting digital

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• the mechanical and crystalline properties of such natural waxes, blended composite materials (e.g., candelilla/beeswax or candelilla/PBTPA mixtures) have been investigated for their potential use as barrier coatings [86]. A 300 μm thick edge-encapsulated mixture film was found to protect a 300 nm

• thick Mg trace for up to three weeks in PBS (pH 7.4, 37 °C). However, organic films suffer from intrinsic porosity due to their polymer chain structure, which limits their water-blocking performance compared to inorganic counterparts. In contrast, inorganic coatings, traditionally employed in the field

• such as repeated stacking of SiOx/SiNx layers via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition or high-density conformal coatings using atomic layer deposition (ALD) (Figure 2e) [88]. Notably, both SiO2 and Si3N4 are bioresorbable materials [23][88][89][90], and efforts have been made to adopt these

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• [51][52]. In the context of magnetic resonance imaging, small molecule ligands also offer advantages over thicker, polymeric coatings as superior contrast agents [53][54][55]. To investigate amine cross-reactivities, we use propargylamine (PPA, Figure 1c) and a series of primary amine-containing dyes

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• silver nanoparticles in joint replacements or dental implants can decrease the chances of infections and support healing [37]. On implants, nanoscale coatings are also being used to mimic natural tissues more closely and to avoid immune rejection from the body. It is possible to make materials that

• implants with coatings are about to become more common in surgeries and regenerative therapies. However, it is necessary to consider issues related to long-term safety, mass production, and the way these materials interact with the body. As technology continues to advance, regulatory standards should also

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• , time, and acceleration [103]. The spin coating method is a straightforward, simple, and room-temperature technique for producing thin films. Uniform coatings are produced by evenly casting a solution of the required substance in a solvent (“ink”) across the substrate’s surface while it is spinning [104

• technique creates uniform coatings on a substrate by directing an atomized stream of molten material droplets onto it [140]. A schematic representation of an ultrasonic spray deposition setup is provided in Figure 13. The thickness of the film is mainly determined by factors such as the distance between the

• mobility of charged particles in a suspension under an electric field to deposit them onto a substrate (Figure 14e). The key advantages of EPD include precise control over film thickness, uniform deposition, scalability for large-area coatings, and compatibility with a variety of materials achieved through

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• , improve biofilm penetration, and increase antibacterial efficacy, offering a promising strategy against resistant bacterial strains [96]. Recent developments in the design of heavy metal-free QDs along with biocompatible surface coatings have also significantly reduced concerns regarding toxicity, thus

• coatings also exhibited excellent biocompatibility, elasticity, hydration, and bioadhesion properties [106]. Encapsulation into SLNs was also used to enhance antibacterial activity and achieve sustained release of the silver–furosemide (FSE) complex 8 (Figure 3) [107]. Although the free complex showed

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• further complicates their clinical translation [141]. The incorporation of surface modifications, coatings, or ligands to improve liposomal functionality can complicate the manufacturing process, increase production costs, and pose a challenge for large-scale production in the context of good

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• inspired coatings derived from cell membranes with nanoparticle cores, these carriers become highly versatile vessels for encapsulating a wide array of therapeutic agents. As a result, they are being extensively harnessed for the precise delivery of drugs and genes, underpinning numerous biomedical

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• graphitic carbon coatings. The discovery of the structure-directing mechanism allows one to select between crystalline or amorphous HEA NP products, simply by choice of the laser pulse duration in the same, well-scalable setup, giving access to colloidal particles that can be further downstream processed to

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• ) coatings deposited using electron beam evaporation (EBE) and ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) are presented. Post-process annealing at 800 °C was also conducted to examine its impact on the properties of the prepared coatings. After annealing at 800 °C, a transition from amorphous to the anatase phase

• occurred for all coatings. In particular, an increase in ion beam current led to a reduction in crystallite size by approximately 30% compared to coatings prepared by conventional EBE process. The average anatase crystallite size for annealed films was in the range of 30.8 to 43.5 nm. A detailed SEM

• coatings after annealing, hardness values were lower than for as-deposited coatings. The most notable differences were observed in the abrasion tests, where the IBAD process significantly enhanced the abrasion resistance of the coatings. This research highlights the potential of IBAD to prepare dense

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• formation of more ordered, hydrophobic coatings, while the incorporated polymers retain their electroactive properties. Ion transport through the film is still possible. Nanoarchitectonics polymer composite films can incorporate bioelectroactive proteins such as glucose oxidase. The high hydrophobicity

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• wettability of films based on the nanocomposite is 7 mN·m−1 higher than that of the original PBS (52 versus 45 mN·m−1). This indicates that PBS/CNT_0.5 films will not require additional activation before applying paints, adhesives, or coatings. The addition of CNTs also affects the density of PBS

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• coatings [17][18][19]. The understanding of LSPC in liquids has been largely stimulated by theoretical approaches and simulations. In a thermodynamic approach, the equilibration of excited electrons with the phonon bath is described in the two-temperature model (TTM) [20][21][22], which conveys important

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• surface. Our results can be useful for controlling the growth of graphitic coatings on dielectric diamond surfaces with a polycrystalline structure and grains of different sizes and crystallographic orientations. Experimental The growth of PCD films on silicon substrates was performed using PE CVD with a

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• ], wear resistant coatings [29], environmental [30], biomedical [31], magnetic [32] and electronic [33] technologies. In magnetic NPs, a key feature is the superparamagnetic blocked-to-superparamagnetic fluctuating transition, which occurs at a characteristic blocking temperature (TB). Below TB, NPs

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• structures especially under external sonication and mechanical stimuli. Reversible self-assembly of graphene-based nanosheets in water is essential to many applications, such as adsorption, photocatalysis, biosensing, drug delivery, aqueous paints, and multifunctional coatings [48][49][50]. Figure 6c

• , hydration lubrication in supramolecular graphene-based hydrogels is important to applications in paints and coatings [51][52]. While the GO-SG-ZH powder could not be directly used for brush painting, the GO-SG-ZH hydrogel can be easily coated on various substrates using a simple brush. In the scientific

• coatings of SG and GO-SG-PLA were formed on the plastic substrates. Regarding appearance, while the blank PLA film was clearly transparent (Figure 7a), the SG/PLA film was slightly opaque (Figure 7b), and the GO-SG-ZH/PLA film was stripy with black lines of GO color (Figure 7c). Light transmittance spectra

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• a large range of applications. This method does not require expensive equipment or expert labor, and the coatings produced are generally quite homogenous. Other benefits include quick deposition, no substrate shape constraint, application to any material that is available as a fine powder or charged