Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• biological properties. As a result of the performed characterizations, it was revealed that monodisperse AgSbS2 NCs were obtained in high purity and crystallinity. A remarkable antibacterial activity of the synthesized AgSbS2 NCs was identified by exhibiting an ability to suppress microbial growth against

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• the nanofiber spectra confirmed the complete encapsulation of the core material by the PLA shell. This observation aligns with the cross-sectional analysis results, where a coated core–shell structure was evident following the removal of the HA+NE2 core. Thermal behavior and crystallinity of

• nanofibers The thermal properties and crystallinity of NF-PLA (monolithic), NF-HA/PLA, and NF-HA+NE2/PLA nanofibers were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal behavior and crystallinity of the nanofibers mats of βCp

• nanoemulsion-loaded PLA are displayed in Figure 8. The TGA and DTG curves provide insights into the thermal stability and decomposition behavior of the nanofibers [65]. At the same time, the DSC and XRD analyses complement the study by elucidating the crystallinity and thermal transitions of the samples

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• ]. The intrinsic characteristics of polymers influence biodegradation and drug release behavior. Parameters such as crystallinity, glass transition temperature (Tg), solubility, and molecular weight affect the polymer matrix and the behavior of incorporated molecules. This is because each polymer has

• unique spatial attributes, with monomeric structures and functional groups, hydrophobic or hydrophilic, that determine its properties [60]. The nature of monomers correlates with polymer crystallinity, which, in turn, defines mechanical strength, swelling, hydrolysis, and biodegradation rates

• . Crystallinity is associated with ordered molecular structures that exhibit intense interactions and steric hindrance. In this context, it can be inferred that low-molecular-weight molecules form crystals more easily and, consequently, have a slower drug release profile. Conversely, in polymers with greater

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• crystallinity of the silicon samples, or amorphization. An effect of laser beam shape has been also observed in the Raman spectra analysis. Though Si NPs generated from the crystalline Si target using laser beams of different shapes exhibit all above Raman modes, the positions and intensities of these Raman

• modes are slightly different. This reflects a difference in dimensions, number density, crystallinity, and probably morphology of Si NPs formed by using laser beams with different profiles. The corresponding asymmetric broadening of the Raman peaks toward lower wavenumbers indicates a possible

• produced using Bessel and annular profiles. It should be noted that the fractions of amorphous and crystalline phases can be determined by deconvolution of the Raman peaks profiles to estimate the crystallinity of Si NPs (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6). The colloids synthesized using different

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• caused oxidation, crystallinity loss, and reduced photoactivity due to enhanced grain boundaries. Figure 4 shows SEM images of Ba5Ta4O15 and BaTaOxNy-zp powders after successive laser fragmentation passages. Despite these challenges, prolonged fragmentation improved the photocurrent efficiency

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• optimize the crystallinity, surface morphology, and electronic properties of the films. Subsequently, an electrochemical deposition method was developed to facilitate the uniform distribution of V2O5 among Bi–O–I flakes to homogeneously enhance the conversion reaction. The XRD pattern confirms the

• better control over film morphology and crystallinity under mild conditions. Kim et al. [18] reported that BiVO4 films fabricated via electrodeposition achieved a maximum photocurrent density of 1.4 mA·cm−2 at 1.23 V vs RHE. These films exhibited a three-dimensional nanoporous structure that facilitated

• optimize its conversion to BiVO4. By systematically adjusting the deposition current density and vanadium precursor concentration, we achieved fine control over the crystallinity, grain size, porosity, and optical properties of the resulting films. This level of tunability leads to substantial improvements

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• amorphous ns-ablated particles. Based on these findings we can conclude that the pronounced differences in crystallinity in the samples cannot be explained by differences in particle diameters. However, a certain width of the size distribution curves indicated by the polydispersity indices (PDI) (PDI = 0.31

• while latter was found to vary between minimal, almost non-observable carbon shell and well-visible shell thickness (3–4 Å) in TEM. In a direct comparison of the X-ray diffraction patterns in Figure 2 (ns vs ps), the diffraction pattern of ns-LAL HEA NPs shows a significant decrease in crystallinity

• with ps-pulses. As can be seen in Figure 4A and Supporting Information File 1, Figure S8, the results show that post-irradiating HEA NPs does not affect the crystallinity of the particles in both cases. To highlight this, Figure 4A shows the electron diffraction patterns and number-weighted size

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• is observed, accompanied by a substantial decrease in the intensity of the 2D band. These alterations are attributed to the presence of defects and a decline in crystallinity, which is associated with the attachment of oxygen functional groups. These spectral features were consistent with the

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• drop-casting 1 μL of hBN suspension (prepared in deionized water) onto a TEM grid. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Shimadzu IRAffinity-1S) and Raman spectroscopy (Renishaw, 532 nm laser) were used to analyze chemical bonds and assess crystallinity. UV–visible spectroscopy (Varian Cary UV

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• in microbial environments is primarily attributed to its high degree of crystallinity [6][7][8]. A well-established approach to improving polymer properties involves the incorporation of nanofillers, particularly carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Even at low concentrations, CNTs can significantly affect the

• morphology and properties of the polymer matrix by altering its structure, crystallinity, thermal stability, and mechanical behavior [9][10][11]. CNTs can be classified into two basic types, namely, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). SWCNTs exhibit slightly

• in the PBS/CNT_0.5 nanocomposite was verified, with TGA data indicating a content of approximately 0.6 wt %. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was conducted to assess the effect of CNTs on the thermal properties and crystallinity of PBS. The DSC thermograms (Figure 5 and Figure 6

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• Bragg peaks (in wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) geometry) to specifically reconstruct the distribution of crystallinity and lattice strain [74]. In pump–probe configuration, photoinduced strain field oscillations in single Au nanocrystals [75] have been resolved. These studies revealed large-scale NP

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• storage. The size distribution, morphology, and crystallinity of PG-CDs-AgNPs were further characterized by SEM and TEM analysis. The SEM image of PG-CDs-AgNPs (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2a) reveals that PG-CDs-AgNPs possess spherical and distorted spherical structure. Supporting Information

• crystalline nature. The ring-like diffraction suggests the (111) plane. The symmetry in the diffraction spots indicates that the spherical particles possess a high degree of crystallinity. Thus, both the SAED pattern and HRTEM image suggest that the synthesized spherical PG-CDs-AgNPs are nanocrystals

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• a high degree of local crystallinity (i.e., high ordering of carbon atoms in the honeycomb network) and their C K-edge spectra contain a narrow and intense π*(sp2)-resonance [41][42]. However, the rather low intensity of the π*(sp2)-resonance in the spectrum of the annealed Ni-PCD film indicates

• indicate the high crystallinity of the sp3 lattice and the low concentration of nondiamond phases in the annealed PCD. The spectrum taken from the area between the microcrystallites, in addition to the diamond band, shows a weak Raman signal from the sp2-hybridized carbon, namely a broad G band at 1580 cm

• crystallinity of the sp2 carbon coating was observed in the case of the SCD substrate. Changing the angle between the synchrotron beam and the flat surface of Ni-SCD revealed a significant increase in the π*(sp2) peak intensity at normal incidence. This behavior indicates an anisotropic texture of sp2 carbon

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• merges completely with disorder-induced broad band at higher fluences. Moreover, the deconvolution of the A1 (LO) Raman peak affirms the presence of defect-related Raman modes in the implanted samples. A gradual reduction in crystallinity of the implanted ZnO films with increasing ion fluence is observed

• intense (002) peak is further analyzed. The intensity of the peak reduces with increasing ion fluence, revealing a reduction in crystallinity. This is due to argon ion implantation-induced lattice damage. Yet, even at the highest fluence, complete amorphization is not detected. ZnO films were implanted

• found to be 14.42 ± 0.35 nm. It decreases slowly with the rise in implantation fluence and achieves a value of 10.97 ± 0.47 nm at the highest ion fluence due to a reduced crystallinity of the implanted films. Moreover, argon atoms can reside on substitutional sites of the ZnO lattice, which causes

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• of the core than of its surface layer. It should be added here that the presence of the uncompensated spins randomly distributed within the nanoparticle core volume, indicating poor crystallinity, is in line with the absence of high intensity, sharp peaks from the Fe phase in the XRD spectrum. Small

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• the samples are the higher specific surface areas in the irradiated curcumin dispersions, as well as a potential decrease in particle crystallinity. Both effects are known to increase the water solubility of curcumin, yielding higher total concentrations of dissolved active and bioavailable curcumin

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• , atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that the TaN films exhibit excellent crystallinity and smooth surface morphology, when deposited at optimal temperatures of 750 and 850 °C. The films exhibit superconducting transition temperatures (Tc) ranging from 5.0 to

• could be pushed up to 10.8 K [13]. The Tc of TaN depends strongly on the crystallinity and stoichiometry of the thin films. Reports mentioned that pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in the reactive pulsed laser deposition (RPLD) mode is an efficient method for the growth of high-quality thin films [14]. In

• dynamics and superconducting characteristics of the films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the TaN thin films exhibited excellent crystallinity, with sharp diffraction peaks indicating well-defined structural phases. The deposition process was optimized by systematically adjusting substrate

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• exhibited less sharp peaks than APT because of a reduction of the polymer crystallinity. Also, the interaction of polymeric content with APT via hydrogen bonding converts the crystalline form of APT into an amorphous form [20]. TGA and DSC studies Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• macrophages and foreign bodies [127]. The degree of crystallinity is the key factor in developing biostable PU compounds. PU has two segmented structures, that is, a hard segment (made from isocyanate) and a soft segment (made from diols) [128]. A higher hard segment content will improve the hydrolytic

• hydrolytic stability, and this is one of the primary methods used to produce biostable PUs. PUs are made biostable by increasing their crystallinity. PU remains valuable in biomedical applications because of its elastomeric characteristics, lubricity, superior abrasion resistance, and high tensile strength

• biodegradable [124]. Degradation is limited in crystalline regions, while amorphous regions get degraded easily within PU. The molecular structure and composition of the polymer, its molecular weight, crystallinity, and the presence of cross-links and additives are a few elements that impact polymer degradation

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• varying equivalence ratios. The effects of flame equivalence ratio on the CNF morphology and crystallinity are then analyzed systematically. In the present study, a diffusion flame was used to check the stability of the flame at different flow rates, followed by establishing a premixed flat flame of LPG

• three stainless steel inlet tubes for LPG, oxygen, and nitrogen was used to synthesize CNTs. TEM images revealed a 0.35 nm interplanar spacing, showing high crystallinity and a thin amorphous layer [11]. In a separate study, CNFs were synthesized using acetylene and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor

• 1350 cm−1 for ID and 1592 cm−1 for IG. Generally, the formation of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms is often correlated to Raman spectra having G peaks at 1550–1600 cm−1, indicating the crystallinity. Similarly, a D peak at 1250–1450 cm−1 often correlates to defects and disorders of the sp2-hybridized

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• implanted with 1 × 1017 N2+·cm−2 at 30 keV using a current density of 4 µA·cm−2. Surface morphology and structural, optical, and electrical properties of the as-deposited and implanted Mo thin films have been systematically investigated. The crystallinity of Mo thin films is enhanced with increasing

• thickness of the as-deposited films. This pattern persists with film thickness even after N2+ implantation. After implantation, crystallinity decreases relative to as-deposited films with the same nominal thickness. The AFM analysis reveals that RMS roughness increases with the thickness of Mo films

• Mo films increased with increasing thickness. This trend of intensity with thickness remains in the nitrogen-implanted films. At lower thicknesses (150 and 200 nm), crystallinity is significantly reduced because of the extensive penetration of nitrogen ions, resulting in considerable distortion of

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• , crystallinity, and surface chemistry of the films is crucial for optimizing performance in these applications. In adsorption–desorption processes, where materials are deposited from the gas phase, experimental techniques enable the study the formation of clusters or islands of adsorbed molecules/atoms, which

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• they were fabricated using a low-temperature co-precipitation method. The resulting Ag@ZnO NRs had good optical properties, nanorod morphologies, and high crystallinity with no impurities. Technological advancements are leading people to use lightweight electronics and affordable sensors

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• and have a relatively low degree of crystallinity compared to the original target (Figure S4, Supporting Information File 1). The crystalline to amorphous transition is likely due to the development of stresses induced by ultrafast heating and cooling during PLAL [53]. However, both oxidation and

Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• crystallinity, high transmittance, and high conductivity of the ZnTe film produced at 600 °C make it a suitable candidate for use as a buffer layer in solar cell applications. Keywords: bandgap; physical properties; RF sputtering; substrate temperature; ZnTe; Introduction The industrialization and burning of

• Equation 4, and it decreases with increasing substrate temperature. The high value of crystallinity and low value of microstrain and dislocation density at 600 °C shows that good quality films can be fabricated at this temperature. Morphological investigation AFM was utilized to study the evolution of

• at 400 °C). However, a significant increase in roughness from 3.12 nm at 500 °C to 9.28 nm at 600 °C was observed. These results are in correlation with our GXRD results, where a similar change in crystallinity was observed with substrate temperature [30]. The surface growth of films can be