Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology

• Gonzalo Villaverde and
• Alejandro Baeza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16

• . This example reflects how the combination of two targeting agents works on three levels of vectorization, namely tissular, cellular and subcellular targeting. As mentioned above, there are unwanted interaction effects between two agents, especially in the case of random decoration. Janus systems have

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• wt % H3PO4; this step defines the pore length L. (b) Removal of the Al substrate and Al2O3 barrier layer with simultaneous pore widening. (c) Laser-induced Ru/C decoration of the nanoporous Al2O3 surface. The photograph of the nanostructured surface after laser coating exhibits five well-defined dark

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• a new, inexpensive approach based on wet chemistry. The effect of process parameters such as the solvent used, the amount of iron salt or the calcination time on the morphology, decoration density and nanocluster size were studied. With the proposed approach, the decoration density can be adjusted

• with iron oxide nanoparticles substantially ameliorated the response towards nitrogen dioxide. Keywords: benzene detection; doping; gas sensor; metal nanoparticle decoration; multiwalled carbon nanotubes; NO2 detection; room temperature gas sensing; surface modification; Introduction Carbon nanotubes

• improving their interaction with gas molecules. Sensitivity and selectivity can be tailored by selecting the type of metal oxide employed, the size of nanoparticles and the decoration density or loading [6][10][11]. Metal oxides have been extensively investigated for sensing a wide range of gases [12][13

High-throughput micro-nanostructuring by microdroplet inkjet printing

• Hendrikje R. Neumann and
• Christine Selhuber-Unkel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2372–2380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.222

• -containing micelle solution (BCML in o-xylene) are plasma-etched and the decoration of the surface with gold nanoparticles is then finished. (A) Pattern of gold nanoparticles on the reference sample after spin coating of a 10 × 10 mm silicon wafer unit with a gold-containing micelle solution at 7000 rpm and

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• decoration) have received particular attention [6][7]. Previously, it was shown that these GNSs are highly photothermally active under NIR irradiation in aqueous solution in the form of monolayers grafted on dry glass surfaces and when inkjet-printed on flexible substrates, demonstrating the ability to reach

A visible-light-controlled platform for prolonged drug release based on Ag-doped TiO₂ nanotubes with a hydrophobic layer

• Caihong Liang,
• Jiang Wen and
• Xiaoming Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1793–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.170

• full XPS spectrum of Zn-Ag-TNTs, in which Zn, Ti, Ag and O elements are detected. These spectra suggest the successful decoration of Ag as well as loading of Zn. The presence of C may be attributed to the incorporation from the electrolyte and the organic contamination adsorbed from environment. Figure

• (Figure 5c) show hydrophilicity as well. Meanwhile, the CAs of modified TNTs increased slightly by 19° after decoration with Ag and then decreased by 16° due to the loading of the Zn2+-based drug. Furthermore, organic mutilayers with functional groups, including carboxylates or silanes [32], can be used

• air atmosphere to form anatase phase. Decoration with Ag nanoparticles Chemical reduction was applied to decorate the nanotubes with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs). The annealed TNTs were soaked in 4 mL 200 mM AgNO3 for 50 min in darkness and then dipped in 6 mL 5 mM NaBH4 for another 50 min. The resulting

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

• T. Anh Thu Do,
• Truong Giang Ho,
• Thu Hoai Bui,
• Quang Ngan Pham,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thi Thu Do,
• Duc Van Nguyen and
• Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

• material for the design of efficient catalytic devices. The NO2 sensing ability of as-deposited ZnO films was investigated with different gas concentrations at an optimized sensing temperature of 120 °C. Surface decoration of plasmonic Au nanoparticles provided an enhanced sensitivity (141 times) with

• time-resolved photoluminescence spectra, which in turn supported our study of the design of efficient NO2 sensing devices and photocatalytic decomposition of organic dyes. The surface decoration of plasmonic Au nanoparticles has been demonstrated as an effective way to enhance the sensitivity and

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• can be expected to create other ceria-based composite oxide systems with various structures for a broad range of technical applications. Keywords: CeO2; CO oxidation; surface decoration; synergistic interaction; yolk–shell structure; Introduction As one of the most important rare-earth oxides, ceria

• transition-metal mixed-oxide nanostructures. Based on this synthesis method, other CeO2-based composite oxides with various nanostructures can be expected to be fabricated through the pre-formation of CeO2 or CeO2-based solid solution with different morphologies and the subsequent decoration of highly

• decoration of MOx onto the CeO2 surface and the strong synergistic interaction between MOx species and CeO2. For comparison, a commercial CeO2 material was measured under the same conditions for CO oxidation. Complete CO conversion was obtained at 367 and 221 °C over the naked and CuOx-decorated commercial

Methionine-mediated synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and functionalization with gold quantum dots for theranostic applications

• Arūnas Jagminas,
• Agnė Mikalauskaitė,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas and
• Jūrate Vaičiūnienė

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1734–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.174

• be obtained by the creation of proper linkers between magnetic NP and fluorescent or drug probes. One of these linkers is gold, because it is chemically stable, nontoxic and capable to link various biomolecules. In this study, we present a way for a simple and reliable decoration the surface of

• spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of as-formed CoFe2O4 NPs before and after decoration with gold QDs were applied. Keywords: functionalization; gold; magnetic nanoparticles; quantum dots; theranostics; Introduction In current

• –Au NPs. Deconvoluted X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) of Au 4f. FTIR spectra of methionine (a, a′), methionine sulfoxide (b, b′), cobalt ferrite NPs stabilized with methionine (c, c′), and the same NPs after decoration with gold (d, d′) within the indicated wavenumbers. Elemental composition of

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

Comprehensive Raman study of epitaxial silicene-related phases on Ag(111)

• Dmytro Solonenko,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Guy Le Lay,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Patrick Vogt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1357–1365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.137

• around 170 °C. At temperatures between 180 and 210 °C the Ag terraces start to show some decoration by locally ordered features developing from the Ag step edges into the terraces (not shown). Still, no long-range order is observed. For deposition temperatures of approximately 220 °C a very clear new

Gas sensing properties of MWCNT layers electrochemically decorated with Au and Pd nanoparticles

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Riccardo Rossi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 592–603, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.64

• experimental approach prevented damage to the MWCNTs and, on the other hand, contributed to reduce (and remove) residual gold ions [39], resulting in the MWCNT surface decoration by metal NPs. Specificallly, the measured open circuit potential was −300 mV versus the reference electrode and the applied

• decoration, in both cases. Oxygen is commonly present in MWCNTs synthesized by the CVD process and is mainly derived from the oxygen adsorbed on the surface, as well as from carbon oxidation events. In both hybrid systems, the atomic percentage of oxygen further increased at the MWCNT surface after metal

• decoration, probably due to the generation of defects during the metal functionalization [40][41]. However, although the total oxygen content in the MWCNT films increased upon metal inclusion, the oxygen/gold elemental ratio decreased, while the oxygen/palladium ratio remained constant. The chemical

Graphene functionalised by laser-ablated V₂O₅ for a highly sensitive NH₃ sensor

• Margus Kodu,
• Artjom Berholts,
• Tauno Kahro,
• Mati Kook,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Helina Seemen,
• Tea Avarmaa,
• Harry Alles and
• Raivo Jaaniso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 571–578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.61

• , No. 2 and 3). Thus, decoration of graphene with V2O5 lends the sensor some degree of selectivity, and good sensitivity with respect to the reducing pollutant NH3. The introduction of dopants and clusters of atoms into graphene strongly increases the interaction with adsorbing molecules, due to an

Nanostructured carbon materials decorated with organophosphorus moieties: synthesis and application

• Giacomo Biagiotti,
• Vittoria Langè,
• Cristina Ligi,
• Stefano Caporali,
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Anna Flis,
• K. Michał Pietrusiewicz,
• Giacomo Ghini,
• Alberto Brandi and
• Stefano Cicchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.52

• with the graphitic surface to form an aziridine ring [10]. Finally, the use of the CuAAC reaction [11], between an azide group and a terminal alkyne, has revealed a practical synthetic approach for the decoration of CNMs with a variety of molecular moieties [12][13]. In this work, we present our

• 8 was more easily isolated by filtration and repeated washing for complete removal of the excess reagents while GPs-Nit-PO derivative 9 was recovered using cycles of centrifugation and re-dispersion of the carbon material in a 1:1 isopropyl ether-isopropanol solution. The decoration of the

• 11 and 12 (Scheme 3) [33]. The successful decoration of NMs 11 and 12 was confirmed by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy (see Supporting Information File 1, Figures S9 and S10) and, finally, they were reacted with compound 3 to afford the functionalized compounds 13 and 14 (Scheme 3). The

Methods for preparing polymer-decorated single exchange-biased magnetic nanoparticles for application in flexible polymer-based films

• Laurence Ourry,
• Delphine Toulemon,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 408–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.43

• decoration of NPs by oleic acid followed by ligand exchange with the desired bromopropionyl ester groups. We then built various assemblies of NPs directly on a substrate or suspended in PMMA. Conclusion: The alternative two-step strategy leads to better dispersed polymer-decorated magnetic particles, and the

• consists of a direct grafting of bromopropionyl ester molecules ob the surface of ENPs that were previously recovered and redispersed in a suitable solvent. The second uses an “all in solution” process, based on a prior decoration of ENPs by oleic acid ligands, which were subsequently exchanged by the

Sensitive detection of hydrocarbon gases using electrochemically Pd-modified ZnO chemiresistors

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 82–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.9

• removal of chlorine ions in the liquid phase. Finally, a thermal treatment at 120 °C for 2 h allowed us to maintain hydroxyl (–OH) groups on the oxide surface in order to permit the attachment of Pd NPs during the electrochemical deposition process [45]. Electrochemical decoration of ZnO by Pd NPs Pd@ZnO

• components of the O 1s spectrum, O–Zn and O–C, remains unchanged after the surface functionalization. Therefore, the atomic ratio O–Zn/Zn (the percentage of oxygen bound to metal divided by the total metal percentage) remained stoichiometric, i.e. equal to 1, also after the metal decoration, as reported in

• Table 1. In Pd@ZnO, the presence of palladium confirmed the successful electrochemical decoration of ZnO nanostructures. The Pd 3d high-resolution XPS spectrum is reported in Figure 2. The signal is composed of two doublets. The first one, Pd 3d5/2, at 335.3 ± 0.1eV, was attributed to nanostructured

Facile fabrication of luminescent organic dots by thermolysis of citric acid in urea melt, and their use for cell staining and polyelectrolyte microcapsule labelling

• Nadezhda M. Zholobak,
• Anton L. Popov,
• Alexander B. Shcherbakov,
• Nelly R. Popova,
• Mykhailo M. Guzyk,
• Valeriy P. Antonovich,
• Alla V. Yegorova,
• Yuliya V. Scrypynets,
• Inna I. Leonenko,
• Alexander Ye. Baranchikov and
• Vladimir K. Ivanov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.182

• and cellular toxicity is possible simply by changing the processing parameters, e.g., the ratio of precursors or the duration of synthesis. We have succeeded in the decoration of polyelectrolyte microcapsules with O-dots synthesized in this way, the former being considered very attractive drug

• -polyelectrolyte deposition, decoration with O-dots and subsequent CaCO3-core decomposition. Left: Possible mechanism of O-dot formation. Right: Appearance of 0.01% O-dots colloidal solution under UV illumination. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 184: Additional pictures and experimental data

Photothermal effect of gold nanostar patterns inkjet-printed on coated paper substrates with different permeability

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Anni Määttänen,
• Petri Ihalainen,
• Maddalena Collini,
• Elisa Cabrini,
• Giacomo Dacarro,
• Piersandro Pallavicini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1480–1485, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.140

• the amphiphilic nature of the poly(ethylene glycol) chains [18]. PEG-SH decoration causes LSPR of GNS to red-shift by about 10 nm, because of the slight local increase in the refractive index related to thiols grafting on the gold surface [18]. GNS decorated with PEG-SH are stable even after repeated

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

• review. We present an introduction to the MRI technique and to the mechanism of CA action followed by synthetic routes of MWCNT pretreatment with oxidizing agents and layer-by-layer decoration (LBL) with (non-)ionic electrolytes. Functionalization of super/paramagnetic nanoparticles and the resulting

• both (non-)covalent modifications leading to CA candidates (Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3). One of the first reports of the application of a MWCNT as a CA, published by Richard in 2008, describes the non-covalent decoration of MWCNT with a classical gadolinium ligand – the DTPA derivative [16]. The

• groups and opens up many possibilities for further functionalization, decoration, substitution or direct coordination of metals and their compounds. Carboxylic, hydroxyl (both phenol and alkyl alcohol) and carbonyl groups are formed on the surface and edges of the oxidized nanotubes oMWCNT. These

Photocurrent generation in carbon nanotube/cubic-phase HfO₂ nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites

• Protima Rauwel,
• Augustinas Galeckas,
• Martin Salumaa,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Erwan Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1075–1085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.101

• conduction via the CNT. To date, numerous studies have been reported on the decoration of CNTs with metal oxides including TiO2 [7][8] and ZnO [9] for solar cell applications and SnO2 for gas sensors. Reports on the fabrication of an all carbon nanocomposite combining CNTs, graphene and carbon quantum dots

• nanoparticles in the process of CNT decoration. In fact, acid treatment creates defects (vacancies and holes in the side walls) on the CNT surfaces along with carboxyl groups in the case of carboxylic acid treatment [24]. The bond with these carboxyl groups is then created via hydroxyl groups present on the

• overview of Figure 1a, the nanoparticles seem to decorate only specific sites either singularly or in agglomerates. A higher magnification HAADF-STEM image in Figure 1b further reinforces the selective decoration of the HfO2 nanoparticles as several regions of the CNT are devoid of nanoparticles. An

Gold nanoparticles covalently assembled onto vesicle structures as possible biosensing platform

• M. Fátima Barroso,
• M. Alejandra Luna,
• Juan S. Flores Tabares,
• Cristina Delerue-Matos,
• N. Mariano Correa,
• Fernando Moyano and
• Patricia G. Molina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 655–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.58

• be lost. In this way only the antigen–antibody complex would be broken and the sensor will be reusable. Although, the preparation of nanomaterials in aqueous and organic media has been extensively studied, to our knowledge, there are no studies concerning the surface decoration of vesicles by using

• studies performed on the surface decoration of vesicle structures with AuNPs formed in pure glycerol by using a photochemical process with two irradiation times (8 and 13 min). For that, firstly the AuNP synthesis and the vesicles preparation were carried out. After that the self-assembly of the AuNPs

Novel roles for well-known players: from tobacco mosaic virus pests to enzymatically active assemblies

• Claudia Koch,
• Fabian J. Eber,
• Carlos Azucena,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Alexander M. Bittner,
• Holger Jeske,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Fania C. Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 613–629, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.54

• freedom for a dense decoration with [SA]-enzymes, and a spatial decoupling of the enzymes and the TMV scaffold. About 50% of the CPCys subunits could be decorated with biotin linkers, and virtually all thereof with enzymes (Figure 5B,C), resulting in complete coverage of the TMV sticks by more than a

• -directing RNA. After decoration with bioactive molecules, such arrays ensure stable interlinkage of technical surfaces and biological effector molecules. Adapted with permission from [54], copyright (2011) American Chemical Society. B: Engineered TMV-like particles coating the waveguide setup of an optical

Evaluation of gas-sensing properties of ZnO nanostructures electrochemically doped with Au nanophases

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.3

• electron microscopy (TEM, SEM), as well as X-ray photon electron spectroscopy (XPS), revealing the successful decoration of ZnO spherical and rod-like nanostructures, obtained at 300 and 550 °C, respectively, with nano-phase gold at the elemental oxidation state. The main focus of this study is to

• washed with distilled water until complete elimination of chlorine ions in the liquid phase and then dehydrated at 120 °C for 2 h to maintain hydroxy (–OH) groups on the oxide surface, that are ideal to stabilize Au nanoparticles during the electrosynthesis [43][44][45][46]. Electrochemical decoration of

• on ZnO by SAE process was about 1.2–1.5 atom %. In Figure 3A–C the morphological evolution of ZnO structures, dried at 120 °C and annealed at 300 and 550 °C is reported. In particular, the dried ZnO powder, used in the electrochemical decoration process, revealed an amorphous morphology. Furthermore

Calculations of helium separation via uniform pores of stanene-based membranes

• Guoping Gao,
• Yan Jiao,
• Yalong Jiao,
• Fengxian Ma,
• Liangzhi Kou and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2470–2476, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.256

• of noble gases is not as good as that of 2D Sn. Therefore, the hydrogen functionalization of 2D Sn results in the degradation of the noble gas permeability due to the steric effect caused by hydrogen decoration. It is expected that the stanene functionalized with fluorine will be a good candidate for

The Kirkendall effect and nanoscience: hollow nanospheres and nanotubes

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Ryusuke Nakamura and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1348–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.139

• can be extended to the fabrication of nanotubes. CdS nanotubes were synthesized by high temperature sulfidation of Cd nanowires prepared by electrochemical step-edge decoration on graphite electrode surfaces. Since the as-grown nanowires were in contact with the surface of the graphite substrate, the