Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• –graphene hybrid systems using a hydrothermal method. These hybrids have excellent electrochemical performance due to the synergetic effect of well-dispersed TiO2 NPs and the conductive graphene network [91]. Nanometre-sized TiO2 sheets were prepared on the GSs by using a facial solvothermal synthetic route

• et al. where the graphene was synthesised by the arc discharge method and the Pt–graphene hybrid electrocatalysts were prepared using a polyol process. This structure exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance due to the strong metal–support interaction and proposed synergetic effect [94]. A

• 3D flower hybrids [113], where this typical morphology results in a high surface area as well as better electrical contact with the graphene leading to better electrochemical performance. Liu et al. have developed a sol–gel method for the incorporation of GSs into V2O5 nanoribbons [114]. These

Carbon nanotube-wrapped Fe₂O₃ anode with improved performance for lithium-ion batteries

• Guoliang Gao,
• Yan Jin,
• Qun Zeng,
• Deyu Wang and
• Cai Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 649–656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.69

• oxygen levels of less than 0.1 ppm. The assembled cells were kept at room temperature for 12 h before electrochemical performance test Electrochemical performance of the assembled cells were then tested by galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance

• at temperatures above 600 °C. Figure 4 depicts the electrochemical performance of COOH-MWCNT composites (Figure 4a,c) and Fe2O3/COOH-MWCNT (Figure 4b,d). Figure 4a reveals the discharge–charge profiles of COOH-MWCNT at 500 mA·g−1. In the first discharge curve from open-circuit voltage to 0.01 V, Li

• composites: (a) XRD patterns; (b) SEM image; (c) and (d) energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Fe2O3/COOH-MWCNT composites: (a) and (b) HRTEM; (c) HRTEM and selected area electron diffraction patterns of TEM. TG curve of Fe2O3/COOH-MWCNT composites. Electrochemical performance of the electrodes: (a

Phosphorus-doped silicon nanorod anodes for high power lithium-ion batteries

• Chao Yan,
• Qianru Liu,
• Jianzhi Gao,
• Zhibo Yang and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 222–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.24

• power densities [1][2]. Since the state-of-the-art commercial LIBs are still far from meeting the ever-increasing demands for such applications, LIBs with higher power and energy density are urgently desired [3]. To some extent, the electrochemical performance of LIBs is mainly determined by the two

• and graphene embedded in carbon nanofibers with atomic-scale control of the expansion space as anodes for LIBs. Such an anode delivered an electrochemical performance of 2000 mAh/g at a current density of 700 mA/g [5]. Cui et al. designed a yolk–shell-structured Si anode that has void space between

• electrochemical performance of the obtained Si anode could be ascribed to the following factors. First, the transport paths for electrons and Li ions were significantly shortened in the nanorod core–shell-structured electrode. Then, the transport velocity for electrons and Li ions was enhanced by the phosphorus

A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a

• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Kobra Omidfar and
• Hossein Ghanbarian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2023–2036, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.193

• of miR-106a demonstrated that the presented nanobiosensor is highly selective for miR-106a and is not considerably affected by the interfering sequences. Moreover, the storage stability of modified electrodes was evaluated by comparing the electrochemical performance of the stored P2/streptavidin

Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li_1.4Ni_0.5Mn_0.5O_2+x-based cathode materials

• Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
• Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
• Oleg A. Brylev,
• Dmitry I. Petukhov and
• Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

• electrochemical performance of nanocomposite electrodes during cycling indicates that the formation of Li2CO3 particles and other related products has a negligible effect on the electrochemical performance of the carbon-coated electrode materials. Hence, it was demonstrated that even a partial modification of the

Monolayer graphene/SiC Schottky barrier diodes with improved barrier height uniformity as a sensing platform for the detection of heavy metals

• Ivan Shtepliuk,
• Jens Eriksson,
• Volodymyr Khranovskyy,
• Tihomir Iakimov,
• Anita Lloyd Spetz and
• Rositsa Yakimova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1800–1814, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.173

• ]. In particular, it was previously reported that functionalized graphene oxide sheets on Au templates can effectively detect lead and mercury ions with improved electrochemical performance [18]. The possibility of using field effect transistors (FET) based on thermally reduced graphene oxide decorated

Improved lithium-ion battery anode capacity with a network of easily fabricated spindle-like carbon nanofibers

• Mengting Liu,
• Wenhe Xie,
• Lili Gu,
• Tianfeng Qin,
• Xiaoyi Hou and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1289–1295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.120

• into the amorphous carbon matrix. When directly used as a binder-free anode for lithium-ion batteries, the network showed excellent electrochemical performance with high capacity, good rate capacity and reliable cycling stability. Under a current density of 0.2 A g−1, it delivered a high reversible

• %, respectively. The electrochemical performance of the beaded nanofiber carbon network anchored with MnO and N was investigated as a working electrode of CR2032-type coin cell with lithium foil as the counter and reference electrodes. Figure 3a shows the typical cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves of the initial

• of over 98.9%. Based on the above analysis, such a reliable electrochemical performance of the enhanced reversible capacity, the good rate capacity and significant cycle stability may be mainly attributed to the high theoretical capacity of MnO, the improved conductivity of carbon anchored with N

Mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for lithium–sulfur batteries: distribution of sulfur and electrochemical performance

• Anika C. Juhl,
• Artur Schneider,
• Boris Ufer,
• Torsten Brezesinski,
• Jürgen Janek and
• Michael Fröba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1229–1240, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.114

• during melt impregnation on the distribution of sulfur and compared the resulting loading and distribution with composites obtained by impregnation from a solution of sulfur in carbon disulfide. Finally, the electrochemical performance of HCS/sulfur composite cathodes with a sulfur areal loading of 2.0

• wt % sulfur and with reasonably high sulfur loading of 2.0 mg·cm−2 showed stable electrochemical performance over 500 cycles. It seems possible that the empty cavity has a positive effect on polysulfide confinement. In summary, the HCS employed in this work are a promising system capable of storing

Surface engineering of nanoporous substrate for solid oxide fuel cells with atomic layer-deposited electrolyte

• Sanghoon Ji,
• Waqas Hassan Tanveer,
• Wonjong Yu,
• Sungmin Kang,
• Gu Young Cho,
• Sung Han Kim,
• Jihwan An and
• Suk Won Cha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1805–1810, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.184

• structure based on porous substrates such as AAO membranes. In this study, the microstructural design of BECs in AAO supporting TF-SOFCs with ALD thin film electrolytes is discussed in terms of their impacts on the electrochemical performance of the cells. AAOs with 80 nm-sized pores are used as substrates

• of BEC thickness on the electrochemical performance, polarization curves were plotted for 40, 320, and 480 nm-thick BEC cells having 210 nm-thick ALD YSZ electrolyte and 60 nm-thick top electrode catalyst (used as cathode), referred to the Cell-A, Cell-B, and Cell-C (Figure 1). Three kinds of cells

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• electrical double layer capacitors (EDLC) with an organic electrolyte was published only in 2007. The electrochemical performance of CNO electrodes was compared with electrodes made with nanodiamonds, multi-wall carbon nanotubes and carbon black [55]. Following this initial work, several groups studied CNO

• micrometer-sized supercapacitors based on CNOs [57]. In an extensive electrochemical study in different aqueous and organic electrolytes, McDonough et al. investigated the influence of the CNO structure on their electrochemical performance in supercapacitor electrodes [58]. The increase of the capacitance of

Magnesium batteries: Current state of the art, issues and future perspectives

• Rana Mohtadi and
• Fuminori Mizuno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1291–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.143

• electrochemical performances for the ones based on aluminum Lewis acids outperformed those boron based [22]. Later reports by Aurbach et al. demonstrated another organohalo-aluminate electrolyte that, while possessing the optimized electrochemical performance of those reported previously, had an impressive

• -(trifluoromethyl)-phenolate magnesium:AlCl3 in tetrahydrofuran. This electrolyte supported reversible magnesium deposition/stripping and had a high conductivity (2.44 mS cm−1). However, some degradation in the electrochemical performance was observed following exposure to air for six hours (i.e., lower current

• bisamides to prepare two electrolytes by reacting magnesium bis(diisopropyl)amide (iPr2N) and magnesium bis(hexamethyldisilazide) (HMDS) with two equivalents of AlCl3. As shown in Figure 5, the HMDS based electrolyte (both as prepared and crystallized) exhibited the best electrochemical performance and had

Tensile properties of a boron/nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube–graphene hybrid structure

• Kang Xia,
• Haifei Zhan,
• Ye Wei and
• Yuantong Gu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 329–336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.37

• ], owing to the double layer configuration, the CNT–graphene hybrid structures are expected to have a better electrochemical performance, which indicates that the hybrid structure is a good candidate for the usage of electrodes in supercapacitors. In order to accommodate for various applications, different

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of Li₂Co_1−xM_xPO₄F (M = Fe, Mn) cathode materials

• Nellie R. Khasanova,
• Oleg A. Drozhzhin,
• Stanislav S. Fedotov,
• Darya A. Storozhilova,
• Rodion V. Panin and
• Evgeny V. Antipov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 860–867, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.97

• and x ≤ 0.1, respectively. The Li2Co0.9Mn0.1PO4F material demonstrated a reversible electrochemical performance with an initial discharge capacity of 75 mA·h·g−1 (current rate of C/5) upon cycling between 2.5 and 5.5 V in 1 M LiBF4/TMS electrolyte. Galvanostatic measurements along with cyclic

• ]. Therefore, the evaluation of the electrochemical performance of Li2CoPO4F and the other representative of this family such as Li2NiPO4F [2][10], is limited to conventional electrolytes. Hence, the development of new organic electrolytes with a wide range of application voltages and the investigation of high

• to evaluate the electrochemical performance of the new synthesized compounds. Results and Discussion Testing of electrolytes An electrochemical window that extends above 5.5 V (vs Li/Li+) has been reported for several electrolytes systems based on sulfone or dinitrile solvents [10][11][12][13][14

Influence of particle size and fluorination ratio of CF_x precursor compounds on the electrochemical performance of C–FeF₂ nanocomposites for reversible lithium storage

• Ben Breitung,
• M. Anji Reddy,
• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Michael Engel,
• Christian Kübel,
• Annie K. Powell,
• Horst Hahn and
• Maximilian Fichtner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 705–713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.80

• Inorganic Chemistry, Engesserstrasse 15, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.4.80 Abstract Systematical studies of the electrochemical performance of CFx-derived carbon–FeF2 nanocomposites for reversible lithium storage are presented. The conversion cathode materials were synthesized by a simple one

• materials have been used as conducting matrix as well as to buffer the volume changes. Various methods have been described in the literature to synthesize carbon–metal fluoride nanocomposites. For example, carbon–iron fluoride nanocomposites, which show superior electrochemical performance during the

• the electrochemical performance of the metal fluoride conversion systems [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Recently, conversion systems with excellent cyclic stabilities were synthesized through the pyrolysis of metallocenes with LiF, in which agglomerates of LiF and transition

A facile synthesis of a carbon-encapsulated Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite and its performance as anode in lithium-ion batteries

• Raju Prakash,
• Katharina Fanselau,
• Shuhua Ren,
• Tapan Kumar Mandal,
• Christian Kübel,
• Horst Hahn and
• Maximilian Fichtner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 699–704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.79

• redox cycle, which would lead to an enhanced cyclic performance as an anode material for LIBs. The electrochemical performance of the [Fe3O4–C] anode has been evaluated with respect to Li metal. Figure 4a shows a typical galvanostatic profile for a [Fe3O4–C] cell cycled between 3.0 and 0.005 V at 93

• the original composite. This indicates that the active materials remain intact during cycling. Both Fe3O4 and carbon are electrochemically active components for Li-ion storage and contribute to the overall capacity of the electrode. The good electrochemical performance of the composite can thus be

A facile approach to nanoarchitectured three-dimensional graphene-based Li–Mn–O composite as high-power cathodes for Li-ion batteries

• Wenyu Zhang,
• Yi Zeng,
• Chen Xu,
• Ni Xiao,
• Yiben Gao,
• Lain-Jong Li,
• Xiaodong Chen,
• Huey Hoon Hng and
• Qingyu Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 513–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.59

• hybrid sample helps to reduce the dissolution of Mn into the electrolyte further. The superior electrochemical performance of LMO/G electrodes is ascribed to three aspects. First, the LMO/G exhibits fast kinetics of Li-ion and electron diffusion, as examined by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• , TGA results, SEM and HRTEM images and electrochemical performance figures. Supporting Information File 22: Additional figures.