Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• manifests as an increment in the photoluminescence (PL), conductivity, and electroluminescence (EL) of the LED [24][25]. Other MNP with SPR properties include Al, Pt, Pd, and Cu [26][27][28][29]. In general, SPR not only increases the radiative recombination lifetime values, but also the quantum yield

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• tip of a scanning probe microscope and mechanically lifted from the metallic surface such that they hang freely between metal contacts. This manipulation technique allows for measuring, amongst others, the electronic conductance, magnetic properties, reversible switching, and electroluminescence of

• images were successfully demonstrated [67]. Additionally, electroluminescence was reported for suspended molecular wires between a metallic surface and the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope [14]. Moreover, the decoupling brings considerable benefits for surface-supported molecular switches, in

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

• generally stored in energy storage devices first. This can be performed by using a bridge rectifier and different types of capacitors. The charged capacitor is then used to power the target electronic devices, such as segmented LED display, liquid crystal display (LCD), and electroluminescence (EL) display

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• as potential diagnostic or therapeutic (theranostic) nanoagents. Xu and co-workers demonstrated the derivation of a DNA tetrahedral electroluminescence (ECL) biosensor probe for a functional biosensing assay (Figure 3) [69]. The ECL biosensor platform was constructed based on a DNA tetrahedral

Luminescence of Tb₃Al₅O₁₂ phosphors co-doped with Ce³⁺/Gd³⁺ for white light-emitting diodes

• Yu-Guo Yang,
• Lei Wei,
• Jian-Hua Xu,
• Hua-Jian Yu,
• Yan-Yan Hu,
• Hua-Di Zhang,
• Xu-Ping Wang,
• Bing Liu,
• Cong Zhang and
• Qing-Gang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1237–1242, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.123

• electroluminescence spectra under an operating current of 20 mA for the fabricated WLEDs are given in Figure 6. All of spectra consist of the blue excitation band of the LED chip and the emission band of the phosphor. The emission bands of the phosphors shift from 532 nm for Y2.96Ce0.04Al5O12 (Figure 6A) through 545

•  7 shows the electroluminescence spectra of a WLED containing the Tb2.81Ce0.04Gd0.15Al5O12 phosphor under forward-bias currents of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mA. It can be seen that the intensity of the WLED increases with increasing current. Moreover, the shape and the peak of the bands corresponding

• spectra of Tb2.96−xCe0.04GdxAl5O12 phosphors. Emission spectra of Tb2.96−xCe0.04GdxAl5O12 phosphors. Decay curves of the Ce3+ emission from Tb2.96−xCe0.04GdxAl5O12 phosphors. Emission spectra of Tb2.81Ce0.04Gd0.15Al5O12 at different temperatures. Electroluminescence spectra of WLEDs by combining blue LED

Electroluminescence and current–voltage measurements of single-(In,Ga)N/GaN-nanowire light-emitting diodes in a nanowire ensemble

• David van Treeck,
• Johannes Ledig,
• Gregor Scholz,
• Jonas Lähnemann,
• Mattia Musolino,
• Abbes Tahraoui,
• Oliver Brandt,
• Andreas Waag,
• Henning Riechert and
• Lutz Geelhaar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1177–1187, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.117

• Institut für Halbleitertechnik, TU Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.10.117 Abstract We present the combined analysis of electroluminescence (EL) and current–voltage (I–V

• employed here a very powerful analysis tool. Keywords: electroluminescence; external quantum efficiency (EQE); nanowire LED; single nanowire; current–voltage; Introduction Group-III nitride nanowire (NW) ensembles have been employed for a wide range of applications, especially optoelectronic devices [1

• respective electroluminescence (EL) signal [6]. Yet another approach was implemented by Bavencove et al. and Musolino and co-workers [4][7]. They did not contact single (In,Ga)N/GaN NWs with a probe tip, but detected diffraction-limited EL spots in the working ensemble device using a confocal microscope

Two-dimensional photonic crystals increasing vertical light emission from Si nanocrystal-rich thin layers

• Lukáš Ondič,
• Marian Varga,
• Ivan Pelant,
• Alexander Kromka,
• Karel Hruška and
• Robert G. Elliman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2287–2296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.213

• have been performed alongside. Photonic crystal-based nanostructures were employed to enhance the electroluminescence of Si nanoclusters with a broad emission band in the near IR region [23] and also of the emission line of Er embedded in SiNCs at telecom wavelengths [24][25]. In 2013, we have shown

Optimization of the optical coupling in nanowire-based integrated photonic platforms by FDTD simulation

• Nan Guan,
• Andrey Babichev,
• Martin Foldyna,
• Dmitry Denisov,
• François H. Julien and
• Maria Tchernycheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2248–2254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.209

• tunable bandgap [14] and reduced dislocation density [15][16], nitride nanowires (NWs) have become important materials for optical components in the visible to ultraviolet (UV) spectral range [17][18]. Despite their small size, single NW light emitting diodes (LEDs) can produce bright electroluminescence

• photonic-crystal waveguide [28]. The authors integrated LEDs on top of a SiNx membrane photonic crystal and deposited electrical contacts. The photonic crystal waveguide was shown to efficiently guide the electroluminescence over a distance of about 20 µm. Brubaker et al. realized on-chip optical coupling

Dumbbell gold nanoparticle dimer antennas with advanced optical properties

• Janning F. Herrmann and
• Christiane Höppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2188–2197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.205

• .9.205 Abstract Plasmonic nanoantennas have found broad applications in the fields of photovoltaics, electroluminescence, non-linear optics and for plasmon enhanced spectroscopy and microscopy. Of particular interest are fundamental limitations beyond the dipolar approximation limit. We introduce

Light extraction efficiency enhancement of flip-chip blue light-emitting diodes by anodic aluminum oxide

• Yi-Ru Huang,
• Yao-Ching Chiu,
• Kuan-Chieh Huang,
• Shao-Ying Ting,
• Po-Jui Chiang,
• Chih-Ming Lai,
• Chun-Ping Jen,
• Snow H. Tseng and
• Hsiang-Chen Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1602–1612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.152

• radiation angle of AAO80. Therefore, the optimal radiation angle and luminous intensity can be obtained with the pore-widening duration of 70 min (i.e., AAO70). To better understand the mechanisms underlying the blue shift of emission energy, the angle-resolved electroluminescence (AREL) spectra of the

• samples were collected and are shown in Figure 7a. The angular plots of all samples show broad protrusions between −50 to 50°. The electroluminescence (EL) intensity of AAO70 is approximately 2.9% higher than that of the bare FC-BLED. The AREL spectra of the samples are not significantly different. AREL

• electroluminescence (AREL) spectra of samples FC-BLED and AAO70. Angular resolution of LEE enhancement of (b) AAO60, (c) AAO70, and (d) AAO80. Typical light output power–current–voltage (L–I–V) curves of the samples in this study. Sample structure used in rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) calculations: (a) AAO

Spin-chemistry concepts for spintronics scientists

• Konstantin L. Ivanov,
• Alexander Wagenpfahl,
• Carsten Deibel and
• Jörg Matysik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1427–1445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.143

• also allow spin detection by electrical means. Organic light emitting diodes also rely on spin manipulation of radical pairs created from injected charge carriers in order to increase their electroluminescence quantum efficiency. Another molecular system in which spins play a major role are organic

• spintronics applications. On the other hand, OMAR is just one instance of MFE, which has been reported not only for (magneto)resistance, but also electroluminescence and other observables [82]. The exact mechanism leading to MFE, as observed in organic diodes, is still not completely understood. Several

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• (Figure 9a) have been prepared by a facile technique by Son et al. They show varying electroluminescence spectra with voltage (Figure 9b) which is used in white LEDs (Figure 9c) [224]. In this process, in the solution of di-methyl-formamide (DMF), Zn2+ is present along with GO, where the Zn2+ reacts with

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

• diodes (OLEDs) where the gold surface of the anode was coated with a self-assembled monolayer. In contrast to the bare gold device, the device consisting of the gold electrode coated with tripodal oligothiophene monolayers exhibited a remarkably improved electroluminescence performance, which lead to a

• electroluminescence STM experiment (Figure 17) [74]. The rigid tripodal anchor in this molecule not only acts as a robust decoupling spacer but also controls the orientation of the porphyrin molecule in the desired up-right standing position along the tip axial direction. STM images revealed the formation of

• dispersed bright spots (ca. 3–5 nm), fitted to the single or aggregated molecule, placed perpendicularly to the Au(111) surface. This STM-junction operating in the tunneling regime was irradiated with a short excitation pulse to measure the molecular electroluminescence when excited by local electron

Charge injection and transport properties of an organic light-emitting diode

• Peter Juhasz,
• Juraj Nevrela,
• Michal Micjan,
• Miroslav Novota,
• Jan Uhrik,
• Lubica Stuchlikova,
• Jan Jakabovic,
• Ladislav Harmatha and
• Martin Weis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 47–52, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.5

• localized states, while at high voltages is dominant thermionic injection. (a) Schematic diagram of the device ITO/α-NPD/Alq3/Al. Steady-state current–voltage characteristics (b) in linear scale, the inset shows current density–voltage characteristic and electroluminescence–voltage characteristic at 300 K

Blue and white light emission from zinc oxide nanoforests

• Nafisa Noor,
• Luca Lucera,
• Thomas Capuano,
• Venkata Manthina,
• Alexander G. Agrios,
• Helena Silva and
• Ali Gokirmak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2463–2469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.255

• heterojunction LEDs [22]. The superposition of electroluminescence and Fabry–Pérot oscillations has also been suggested as the possible mechanism for blue–white emission from ZnO-based homojunction LEDs [23]. The spectra obtained in this work (from a large number of measurements with DC, AC and pulse analyses

• that could be tailored for various applications. Even though many reports on light emission from ZnO refer to solid-state electroluminescence from homojunction or heterojunction structures, our results show that plasma formation can also take place with comparable electric fields and currents and can

Superluminescence from an optically pumped molecular tunneling junction by injection of plasmon induced hot electrons

• Kai Braun,
• Xiao Wang,
• Andreas M. Kern,
• Hilmar Adler,
• Heiko Peisert,
• Thomas Chassé,
• Dai Zhang and
• Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1100–1106, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.111

• electroluminescence induced by inelastic tunneling without optical pumping. A positive, steadily increasing bias voltage induces a step-like rise of the Stokes shifted optical signal emitted from the junction. This emission is strongly attenuated by reversing the applied bias voltage. At high bias voltage, the

• is quenched. If the molecules are decoupled from the metal surface by an ultrathin dielectric spacer, intrinsic molecular luminescence can be observed down to the single-molecule level [7], showing vibronic bands [8][9]. Very recently electroluminescence from a conducting molecule, bridging the gap

• simultaneous laser illumination, we observe a sudden onset of a broad and weak electroluminescence signal at Ub > 1500 mV due to inelastic tunneling (Figure 2b). It reaches a maximum of 138 kcounts/s at Ub = 1900 mV. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of a monolayer of Cl-MBT on a flat gold

Nanoporous Ge thin film production combining Ge sputtering and dopant implantation

• Jacques Perrin Toinin,
• Alain Portavoce,
• Khalid Hoummada,
• Michaël Texier,
• Maxime Bertoglio,
• Sandrine Bernardini,
• Marco Abbarchi and
• Lee Chow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 336–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.32

• the pore size allows for the control of the skeleton size, and thus should allow semiconductor band gap engineering, where the aim is the design of devices able to absorb or emit light at a tunable wavelength. Efficient visible electroluminescence has been achieved with porous Si for different

Hybrid spin-crossover nanostructures

• Carlos M. Quintero,
• Gautier Félix,
• Iurii Suleimanov,
• José Sánchez Costa,
• Gábor Molnár,
• Lionel Salmon,
• William Nicolazzi and
• Azzedine Bousseksou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2230–2239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.232

• electroluminescence (EL) of the device can be reproducibly switched on/off as a function of temperature due to the thermal spin state switching. Indeed, the light emission of this type of OLED is severely quenched if the [Fe(dpp)2](BF)4 is in its LS form (T < 260 K). After a photoluminescence study of identical films

Silicon and germanium nanocrystals: properties and characterization

• Ivana Capan,
• Alexandra Carvalho and
• José Coutinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1787–1794, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.189

• electroluminescence of semiconductor nanostructures, mostly Si and Ge NCs embedded in an oxide matrix [4]. Theoretical research on NCs was also triggered by the interest in their optical properties [5][6][7], namely following the work of Furukawa and Miyasato with Si NCs [8], which reported the opening of the optical

Nanocavity crossbar arrays for parallel electrochemical sensing on a chip

• Enno Kätelhön,
• Dirk Mayer,
• Marko Banzet,
• Andreas Offenhäusser and
• Bernhard Wolfrum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1137–1143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.124

• featuring interdigitated electrodes at the intersections [20]. Reported applications include gene-function analysis [18], electroluminescence detection [21], mapping of cell topographies [22], detection of cellular enzyme secretion [19][23], detection of DNA hybridization [24], and evaluation of embryoid

A nano-graphite cold cathode for an energy-efficient cathodoluminescent light source

• Alexander N. Obraztsov,
• Victor I. Kleshch and
• Elena A. Smolnikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 493–500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.58

• , gas discharge, and electroluminescent lamps of various designs, shapes, input and output power. Additionally, a photoluminescent process is used to convert blue or ultraviolet radiation, produced by gas discharge or by electroluminescence, to white light. Unfortunately, because of the fundamental

The oriented and patterned growth of fluorescent metal–organic frameworks onto functionalized surfaces

• Jinliang Zhuang,
• Jasmin Friedel and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 570–578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.66

• [2.2.2]­octane), since anthracene-based compounds show interesting luminescent properties, such as photoluminescence and electroluminescence [36][38][39]. In order to obtain highly orientated SURMOFs, we used two SAMs of very high structural quality: The COOH-terminated SAM was formed from 4