Nano-contact microscopy of supracrystals

• Adam Sweetman,
• Nicolas Goubet,
• Ioannis Lekkas,
• Marie Paule Pileni and
• Philip Moriarty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1229–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.126

• polyhedral supracrystals arising from precipitation in the colloidal suspension. There is a significant body of work that focuses on elucidating the electronic properties of nanocrystals and their associated 1D, 2D, and 3D assemblies. Building on the conceptual and theoretical framework put forward by

Electronic interaction in composites of a conjugated polymer and carbon nanotubes: first-principles calculation and photophysical approaches

• Florian Massuyeau,
• Jany Wéry,
• Jean-Luc Duvail,
• Serge Lefrant,
• Abu Yaya,
• Chris Ewels and
• Eric Faulques

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1138–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.115

• across the composite material. Our SWNTs batches are not sorted and contain both metallic and semiconducting (SC) nanotubes, as usual in most of the studies reporting about SWNT/polymer composites. These two kinds of SWNT species exhibit different electronic properties since SC nanotubes present a

Charge carrier mobility and electronic properties of Al(Op)₃: impact of excimer formation

• Andrea Magri,
• Pascal Friederich,
• Bernhard Schäfer,
• Valeria Fattori,
• Xiangnan Sun,
• Timo Strunk,
• Velimir Meded,
• Luis E. Hueso,
• Wolfgang Wenzel and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1107–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.112

• Fotoreattivitá, Consiglio Nazionale della Ricerca, I-40129 Bologna, Italy CIC nanoGUNE Consolider, E-20018 Donostia – San Sebastian, Spain Nanomatch, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.6.112 Abstract We have studied the electronic properties and the charge

• demonstrated that the Co/Al(Op)3 and the Co/Alq3 interfaces have different electronic properties. In more detail, two hybrid interface states, which have energies (E−EF) of −0.9 and −1.6 eV were detected in the Co/Al(Op)3 interface, whereas in the Co/Alq3, a single hybrid interface state at −0.8 was measured

• . In this work, the potential of the chemical tailoring of the aluminum complexes’ ligands was successfully demonstrated along with the resulting effects on the electronic properties of the hybrid interfaces. To our knowledge, this is surprisingly the first time that the electronic properties of Al(Op

Fulleropeptide esters as potential self-assembled antioxidants

• Mira S. Bjelaković,
• Tatjana J. Kop,
• Jelena Đorđević and
• Dragana R. Milić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1065–1071, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.107

• the electrochemical, in vitro antioxidant and morphological investigations of compounds 1–12. Results and Discussion Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of fullerene derivatives plays a relevant role in the characterization of their electronic properties and potential applications [28]. The electrochemical

Effects of swift heavy ion irradiation on structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites prepared by carbothermal evaporation method

• Sini Kuriakose,
• D. K. Avasthi and
• Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 928–937, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.96

• -heterojunctions leading to a modification of optical and electronic properties, which finds promising applications in photocatalysis [30], sensors [31] and solar cells [32]. Several methods have been used to modify the optical, electrical and structural properties of nanostructured materials and nanocomposite

Pt- and Pd-decorated MWCNTs for vapour and gas detection at room temperature

• Hamdi Baccar,
• Atef Thamri,
• Pierrick Clément,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 919–927, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.95

• . Therefore, this may lead to a more defective surface for Pd-decorated MWCNTs and result in a degradation of the electronic properties of nanotubes. The calibration curves for non-aromatic vapours are shown in Figure 5. According to the results shown in Figure 5, the response of Pd- and Pt-decorated sensors

A versatile strategy towards non-covalent functionalization of graphene by surface-confined supramolecular self-assembly of Janus tectons

• Ping Du,
• David Bléger,
• Fabrice Charra,
• Vincent Bouchiat,
• David Kreher,
• Fabrice Mathevet and
• André-Jean Attias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 632–639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.64

• tecton; liquid–solid interface; scanning tunnelling microscopy; supramolecular self-assembly; Review Introduction Graphene is of significant interest for next generation electronics [1] particularly due to its electronic properties [2][3]. Thus, many research programs have been focused on the

• [6]. In the former strategy, the covalent chemistry of pristine graphene requires chemical modification and the transformation of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms into sp3 hybridized. As a consequence, this disruption of the C-sp2 leads to the alteration of the characteristic electronic properties of

Tm-doped TiO₂ and Tm₂Ti₂O₇ pyrochlore nanoparticles: enhancing the photocatalytic activity of rutile with a pyrochlore phase

• Desiré M. De los Santos,
• Javier Navas,
• Teresa Aguilar,
• Antonio Sánchez-Coronilla,
• Concha Fernández-Lorenzo,
• Rodrigo Alcántara,
• Jose Carlos Piñero,
• Ginesa Blanco and
• Joaquín Martín-Calleja

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 605–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.62

• chemistry properties. For example, the TiO2 doping and the annealing temperatures have been widely studied to control its crystalline structure, optical and electronic properties, etc. Marschall and Wang reported doping with non-metals such as boron, carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, iodine, phosphorus, or sulfur

• scattering, this technique is sensitive to the atomic composition, valence and conduction band electronic properties, surface properties and chemical bonding. The latter allows for the characterization of the structural properties of the lattice traversed by the electron beam and, thus, determination of the

Overview of nanoscale NEXAFS performed with soft X-ray microscopes

• Peter Guttmann and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 595–604, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.61

• damage compared to electron microscopy has to be noted. Atmospheric pressure operation using a helium atmosphere is possible [13]. Electronic properties of samples can be studied due to the interaction of X-ray with matter. Therefore, the combination of X-ray microscopy and spectroscopy denominated X-ray

Chains of carbon atoms: A vision or a new nanomaterial?

• Florian Banhart

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 559–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.58

• conditions very unlikely. The research concentrates therefore on isolated chains. Their outstanding mechanical and electronic properties, as theoretical work predicts, are still waiting for experimental confirmation. Preliminary experiments [23] do not confirm the predicted electrical conductivity. No

Raman spectroscopy as a tool to investigate the structure and electronic properties of carbon-atom wires

• Alberto Milani,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Valeria Russo,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Franco Cataldo and
• Carlo S. Casari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 480–491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.49

• status of the understanding of their structural, electronic and vibrational properties with particular attention to how these properties are related to one another. We focus on the use of vibrational spectroscopy to provide information on the structural and electronic properties of the system (e.g

• technological applications [1]. For instance, single wall carbon nanotubes represent quasi-1D systems whose electronic properties are strongly related to the nanotube structure (i.e., chirality), while graphene is a 2D system with appealing electronic and optical properties [2][3][4]. In addition to structures

• wavelengths with the support of first principles calculations will be reviewed. We begin by discussing the structure of ideal and as-synthesized CAWs with particular focus on π-conjugation effects and the change in electronic properties as a result of the wire length and termination. Then we review the

Fundamental edge broadening effects during focused electron beam induced nanosynthesis

• Roland Schmied,
• Jason D. Fowlkes,
• Robert Winkler,
• Phillip D. Rack and
• Harald Plank

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.47

• explanation. Functionality In the following a two-step approach is followed: First, the surface potential, which reflects the chemical composition and its electronic properties, and, subsequently, the electric conductivity are mapped. The combination of both measurements allows one then to derive the scaling

Carrier multiplication in silicon nanocrystals: ab initio results

• Ivan Marri,
• Marco Govoni and
• Stefano Ossicini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 343–352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.33

• CM effects in systems of isolated and interacting Si-NCs. Structural and electronic properties are calculated within the density functional theory (DFT) using the local density approximation, as implemented in the QuantumESPRESSO package [37]. Energy levels are determined by considering a

• investigation of the electronic properties of the considered materials. A clear dependence of CM lifetimes on NC size appears when a relative energy scale is adopted (plot of Figure 2d), that is, when the CM lifetimes are related to Ei/Eg. As proven by Beard et al. [45], this scale is the most appropriate to

Formation of stable Si–O–C submonolayers on hydrogen-terminated silicon(111) under low-temperature conditions

• Yit Lung Khung,
• Siti Hawa Ngalim,
• Andrea Scaccabarozzi and
• Dario Narducci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 19–26, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.3

• order to gain access to the electronic properties of silicon, it is imperative that the organic layer on the top surface be kept thin enough to avoid a masking of the intrinsic properties of silicon, especially in biosensing application [1]. So far, hydrosilylation is among the most commonly accepted

Spectroscopic mapping and selective electronic tuning of molecular orbitals in phosphorescent organometallic complexes – a new strategy for OLED materials

• Pascal R. Ewen,
• Jan Sanning,
• Tobias Koch,
• Nikos L. Doltsinis,
• Cristian A. Strassert and
• Daniel Wegner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2248–2258, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.234

• such as organic light-emitting diodes requires fundamental knowledge about the structural and electronic properties of the employed molecules as well as their interactions with neighboring molecules or interfaces. We show that highly resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS

• ) are powerful tools to correlate the electronic properties of phosphorescent complexes (i.e., triplet emitters) with their molecular structure as well as the local environment around a single molecule. We used spectroscopic mapping to visualize several occupied and unoccupied molecular frontier

• photoemission spectroscopy techniques are common to address the electronic properties of molecular systems under well defined conditions [7][8]. As a drawback, these methods are each limited to the occupied or unoccupied states, respectively. Moreover, in a structurally complex or inhomogeneous sample the

In situ metalation of free base phthalocyanine covalently bonded to silicon surfaces

• Fabio Lupo,
• Cristina Tudisco,
• Federico Bertani,
• Enrico Dalcanale and
• Guglielmo G. Condorelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2222–2229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.231

• Free (Pc) and metallophthalocyanines (M–Pc) are molecules of great interest because of their versatile optical and electronic properties as well as their thermal stability [1]. These properties make them attractive molecular materials for applications in photovoltaic cells [2], sensing devices [3][4

• , which makes these systems suited for application in aggressive environments [14][15][16]. In addition, the possible use of differently doped silicon substrates could influence the electronic properties of grafted Pc and M–Pc [3], and, in turn, the device properties. Furthermore, the overall chemical and

Two-dimensional and tubular structures of misfit compounds: Structural and electronic properties

• Tommy Lorenz,
• Jan-Ole Joswig and
• Gotthard Seifert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2171–2178, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.226

• discerned and their individual structural and electronic properties are discussed. Note that the following sections are sorted with respect to the reviewed properties. A section containing special examples will be followed by a summary. Structures Layered chalcogenides most commonly form misfit compounds [3

• layered MX system. As a consequence, the electronic properties of some misfit compounds have been successfully described by a rigid-band formalism. In this description, the electronic bands are taken as immutable characteristics and only the filling is changed depending on the intercalated species. In

Sequence-dependent electrical response of ssDNA-decorated carbon nanotube, field-effect transistors to dopamine

• Hari Krishna Salila Vijayalal Mohan,
• Jianing An and
• Lianxi Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2113–2121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.220

• thymine (T), which binds on the SWCNT surface through non-covalent π–π stacking interactions [12]. Moreover, this non-covalent functionalization is more desirable than covalent functionalization methods because it preserves the electronic properties of SWCNT while covalent methods may disrupt the nanotube

• as a receptor capable of specific and selective binding with the target analyte. ssDNA-decorated, individually semiconducting SWCNTs in a field-effect transistor (FET) configuration merge the molecular recognition diversity of ssDNA with the excellent electronic properties of SWCNT to provide a fast

Cathode lens spectromicroscopy: methodology and applications

• T. O. Menteş,
• G. Zamborlini,
• A. Sala and
• A. Locatelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1873–1886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.198

• exhibits unique morphological and electronic properties, which originate from the different film and substrate symmetries [50]. At temperatures above 800 °C, micrometer-sized single layer graphene crystals can be obtained upon exposure to ethylene, oriented at 3° with respect to the main substrate

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• made of one (i.e., single-walled CNTs, SWCNTs) or several (i.e., multi-walled CNTs, MWCNTs) layers of graphene. They are obtained by a variety of methods, including chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and arc-discharge, and their electronic properties depend solely on geometric parameters, such as

• [4]. Moreover, the mechanical and electronic properties of SWCNTs can be altered by means of external electric fields [5][6]. The chemical bonds between carbon atoms in CNTs are among the strongest known and this, combined with their characteristic tubular structure, endows CNTs with an extremely

• electronic structure bestows graphene uncommon and astonishing electronic properties, such as the quantum Hall effect, which can be observed even at room temperature [25], a very high electron mobility [26], the ambipolar electric field effect, the ballistic conduction of electronic charge carriers [27], as

Electronic and electrochemical doping of graphene by surface adsorbates

• Hugo Pinto and
• Alexander Markevich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1842–1848, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.195

• controllable doping with charge carriers. Being a two-dimensional material graphene is extremely sensitive to surface adsorbates, so its electronic properties can be effectively modified by deposition of different atoms and molecules. In this paper, we review two mechanisms of graphene doping by surface

• demonstrated to be an efficient acceptor for diamond [33] and carbon nanotubes [34]. As the workfunctions of diamond and graphene are similar, the F4-TCNQ molecule was considered to be a good candidate for p-type doping of graphene. The effect of the F4-TCNQ molecule on the electronic properties of epitaxial

Silicon and germanium nanocrystals: properties and characterization

• Ivana Capan,
• Alexandra Carvalho and
• José Coutinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1787–1794, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.189

• into the fundamental optical and electronic properties of different types of NCs. An open issue still resides on the difficult task of bridging the length scales from the largest sizes achievable numerically to the smallest sizes produced experimentally. Evolution of the Si NC photoluminescence spectra

Experimental techniques for the characterization of carbon nanoparticles – a brief overview

• Wojciech Kempiński,
• Szymon Łoś,
• Mateusz Kempiński and
• Damian Markowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1760–1766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.186

• nanoparticles and allow for observation of the changes in the quasi-graphitic ordering induced by ultrasonic irradiation and with the so-called quasi-high pressure effect under adsorption conditions. Structural changes have strong influence on the electronic properties, especially the localization of charge

• adsorption of various molecules. Their electronic properties strongly depend on their structure and interactions between the molecules adsorbed in pores and the pore walls (host–guest interactions) and this behavior is the main interest of this work. It was shown that it is possible to control the charge

• individual CNs. Conclusion According to the above considerations it can be concluded that different systems of interconnected quasi-graphitic (or graphene-like) CNs may form a good basis for detectors of molecules and atoms of different types, as their electronic properties are very sensitive to adsorption

Quasi-1D physics in metal-organic frameworks: MIL-47(V) from first principles

• Danny E. P. Vanpoucke,
• Jan W. Jaeken,
• Stijn De Baerdemacker,
• Kurt Lejaeghere and
• Veronique Van Speybroeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1738–1748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.184

• -narrow-pore phase transition is derived and found to be in perfect agreement with experiments. The presence of 1D magnetic and electronic properties and the mechanic properties of the MIL-47(V) may provide interesting opportunities for sensing applications. (a) Ball-and-stick representation of the MIL-47

Non-covalent and reversible functionalization of carbon nanotubes

• Antonello Di Crescenzo,
• Valeria Ettorre and
• Antonella Fontana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1675–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.178

• micrometers. They are ideally obtained by a rolled up graphene sheet and their diameter, curvature and electronic properties are uniquely defined by the combination of the rolling angle and radius, which is referred to as nanotube chirality (Figure 1) [1]. CNTs made up of a rolled up single graphene sheet and