Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• in a realistic environment, the scientific bases are assumptions and analogies to chemically similar systems, rather than data. Several authors have synthesized and investigated (di)mannoside-coated AuNPs. While there are multiple applications [4], such NPs can also be seen as very crude models of

• . In other words, the nanoparticle has a non-centrosymmetric environment, which can simply be the presence of the gold surface. The noise-like feature at ~3400 cm−1 is assigned to hydrogen-bonded water as features above 3600 cm−1 should indicate non-hydrogen-bonded water. This is proof that water is

• concentrated carbohydrate solution (more than 40% of the total aqueous volume) provide a macromolecular crowding environment which diminishes particle interaction [42]. The dimanno-AuNPs used in this research were produced in a solution of ca. 50% dimannoside ligand, sufficient to decrease the agglomeration

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• Structures, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China 10.3762/bjnano.16.149 Abstract Herein we point out critical yet often overlooked barriers restraining the real-world impact and commercial viability of nanomaterials research. In spite of decades

• due to the inherent instability of 0D, 1D, and 2D nanomaterials [23]. That is why, in most cases, nanomaterials require a specific medium and controlled environment for stability. In the same line, due their high surface energy, large surface area, and small size, nanomaterials naturally tend to

• exposure of such chemicals (nanoscale systems) to the environment is very poorly managed worldwide, with the exception of a few countries, namely the UK, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, and Japan. Furthermore, the interaction of nanomaterials with biological systems remains poorly understood and

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• , Tsomoriri, and Tsokar are typical instances of untouched alpine lakes that support indigenous species and lifestyles [1]. The Nainital lakes, including Naini Lake and Bhimtal Lake, are crucial to the region’s environment and tourism. The unique ecosystem of the lakes and rising anthropogenic pressures have

• microscopy (SEM) produces high-resolution images of particle shapes. It also indicates surface wear and tear patterns that reflect how old the MP is and how long it has been in the environment [38]. Ease of operation and minimal cost of optical microscopy make it widely used, despite being less sophisticated

• samples from the environment makes nanoscale plastics yet another challenge. Sophisticated methods such as thermal extraction desorption (TED) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are now routinely used to detect these particles. But these methods involve a lot of expertise and equipment. The

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• , environment, and measurements, each contributing to formulation performance and quality consistency. Heatmap of the normalized risk scores (%) illustrating the impact of CMAs and CPPs on each element of the QTPP. Higher risk scores (darker shades) indicate stronger influence on final product quality and guide

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• the responsible development of these materials, supporting their use in innovative applications like drug delivery, while safeguarding health and the environment. Conclusion CNMs undeniably represent a promising frontier in drug delivery, offering a unique combination of high surface area, tuneable

• facilitated by the international dedicated agencies. Ultimately, by addressing these critical considerations and fostering a collaborative environment, the immense promise of CNMs as nanocarriers can be fully realised, paving the way for innovative and highly effective therapeutic interventions in cancer and

Calibration of piezo actuators and systems by dynamic interferometry

• Knarik Khachatryan and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2086–2091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.143

• microscopy (NC-AFM) operation in an ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) environment at low temperature and has been developed tremendously over the last three decades [7][8][9][10][11][12]. In frequency-modulated NC-AFM, the cantilever is kept at oscillation with constant amplitude, yielding an interferometric signal

• stabilized so that the working point is the inflection point and center of symmetry of the time-dependent interferometer signal [16], implying that the mean cavity length is d0 = , where m is an odd integer and λ is the vacuum wavelength of the light used for interferometer operation in a UHV environment. As

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• [11][13]. Since the simulation assumed a frictionless vacuum environment, thermostats like dissipative particle dynamics and Langevin [53][54], which introduce implicit friction, are inherently unsuitable. In particular, Langevin dynamics led to unphysical effects such as loss of spatula jump-to

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• enantiomers (+) and (−) experience a different chemical environment is key. Otherwise, there might be a dynamic equilibrium between surface-adsorbed and mobile spin probes without stereodifferentiation. With this knowledge, it was possible to reach higher selectivity values than for the commercial material. A

• detailed information about the local environment. Furthermore, dipolar coupling to other electron spins in the direct environment allows for the determination of distances from 0 to 10 nm [38][39]. Giamello et al. have discussed in detail how this effect can be used to characterize the interaction of spin

• be compared to a commercial chiral chromatography material. Finally, we try to explain the observations by a more detailed picture of the local environment of the spin probe. Results and Discussion Achiral materials Three achiral aerogel materials (containing no chiral centers) were prepared as

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• observable beads, and a heterogeneous diameter distribution. Structural characterization of nanofibers Core–shell nanofibers create a protective environment for bioactive agents within the core, preserving their activity while enabling controlled release. By tailoring the shell architecture, the release

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• material; Polychaeta; protein phosphorylation; Introduction Many invertebrate marine organisms have adhesive mechanisms that allow them to firmly attach to various substrates in a wet and salty environment [1][2]. This remarkable ability has raised the interest of scientists in developing bio-inspired

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• solvents including methanol. The authors explained the influence of the methanol environment on the nanomaterial shape by attributing it to chemical reactions between iron and methanol molecules, which resulted in the formation of goethite (FeO(OH)) and subsequently led to nanowire growth: Since iron oxide

• number of studies. In [46], ZnO and Zn(OH)2 of different sizes and morphologies were formed by laser ablation in a liquid environment of different temperatures (50, 70, and 90 °C). The temperature increase enhances the interactions of a liquid with the formed NPs, thus promoting their surface

Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis

• Thomas Mathias,
• Roland Bennewitz and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1952–1962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.136

• damping from the ambient environment is not accounted for in Equation 1 and may also be responsible for a small percentage of the difference between the two calculations of the spring constants. However, our results highlight that the measurement of the cantilever’s plan-view dimensions and using these

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• study, we investigated the influence of environmental parameters on the self-assembly of recombinant cp19k, a key adhesive protein in Pollicipes pollicipes. Using TEM imaging, a low pH (4.0) and high salt concentration (600 mM NaCl) environment, mimicking P. pollicipes gland conditions, was identified

• under low pH/low salt concentration conditions, while pre-formed fibrils retained their adhesion ability upon switching to a high pH/high salt concentration environment, which was designed to mimic the change in the protein environment upon secretion in vivo. These findings support the hypothesis that

• either pH 8.0 environment. No significant change in staining was observed when samples that had been incubated for 21 days at pH 4.0, 150 mM NaCl to allow fibres to form were switched to pH 8.0, 600 mM NaCl (to mimic seawater) prior to carrying out the adhesion analysis (Figure 4a,b). Discussion This

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• potential cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles within the complex and dynamic oral environment [15][20]. A significant number of selected studies (n = 23; 24.1%) also failed to perform advanced physicochemical characterizations, such as FTIR, SEM, or XRD, which are essential for confirming nanoparticle

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• focused separately on sources and occurrences in the natural environment [13][14][15], contaminant interactions [16][17], risk assessments [18][19], extraction and analysis methods [20][21], and removal technologies of MPs [22][23] without focusing on water supply systems, which directly affect human

• breakdown of plastic waste by physical, chemical, or biological factors [27]. Figure 1 illustrates the sources and distribution of MPs from the natural environment to water supply systems. According to the study of Osman et al., land-based sources originating from plastic bags, bottles, personal care

• shows that millions of MPs are still being released. In Türkiye, a total of 6.18 × 1010 MPs from 15 WWTPs investigated were discharged into the marine environment per day [30]. A number of 4.95 × 104 to 1.49 × 108 MPs entering the environment daily was recorded in six WWTPs in Iran [31]. A study in

Further insights into the thermodynamics of linear carbon chains for temperatures ranging from 13 to 300 K

• Alexandre Rocha Paschoal,
• Thiago Alves de Moura,
• Juan S. Rodríguez-Hernández,
• Carlos William de Araujo Paschoal,
• Yoong Ahm Kim,
• Morinobu Endo and
• Paulo T. Araujo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.125

• that the hosting CNT primarily serve as a stabilizing environment rather than one that alters the properties of the materials. In this context, Costa and collaborators [30], demonstrated that LCC encapsulated by both multi-wall (LCC@MWCNT) and double-wall (LCC@DWCNT) carbon nanotubes are materials

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• products intended for human use [1]. Despite their advantages, drug candidates for oral administration face several limitations, as shown in Figure 1, including chemical instability caused by the gastric environment, low bioavailability, and poor permeability across barriers in the gastrointestinal tract

• (GIT), such as mucus and the intestinal epithelium [2][3]. The complex biochemical environment includes pH variations (ranging from 1 to 2.5 in the stomach to 7 to 8 in the colon), metabolizing enzymes (such as pepsin, lipase, peptidase, and amylases), and surfactants like bile salts and those produced

• mucin chains and consequently modifying the aggregation degree of the mucin network through various interactions [68][69]. Surface coating techniques play a key role in the interaction of PNs with the biological environment. These strategies involve the physical adsorption or covalent attachment of

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• components of tear fluid [2][89]. Based on this, an anionic profile was selected in this study to optimize retention and interaction with the ocular environment, aiming to support tear film function and alleviate dry eye symptoms through the multifunctional properties of LO. Although the physicochemical

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• Pinus jeffreyi tree growing in the Botanical Garden in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, and were collected from the ground in February 2022, after they had already opened and dispersed most of their seeds. Following collection, the cones were stored in a climate-controlled environment at room temperature

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• ; batteries; catalysis; corrosion; Review Ambient pressure XPS Electron spectroscopy has significantly contributed to the understanding of chemical and physical processes that govern the complex interactions between a solid surface and its environment. These processes play crucial roles in phenomena such as

• spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful surface science technique that enables the investigation of modifications in the chemical environment of a sample surface and its electronic states, owing to its exceptional surface sensitivity. However, the requirement for ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions previously limited

• tracking surface chemical processes in real time. Due to the scattering of the photoelectrons in a gas environment at millibar pressures, APXPS is intrinsically a photon-hungry technique. Although pioneering work on gases and liquids performed by Kai and Hans Siegbahn date back to the 1970s [1], it was

Energy spectrum and quantum phase transition of the coupled single spin and an infinitely coordinated Ising chain

• Seidali Seidov,
• Natalia Pugach and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1668–1676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.117

• Ising chain. From a purely theoretical point of view, this model arises when studying the physics of open systems [1][2]. In this case, the chain is modelling the external environment to which the single spin is connected. In such models, it is convenient to study not only Markovian dynamics of the

• mode, but to a more complicated environment [16][17][18]. Diagonalization in the Spin Space The Hamiltonian in the spin space can be diagonalized using the formula for the determinant of a 2 × 2 block matrix. This is also known as the Fulton–Gouterman transformation [19]. This leads to two effective

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• products from traditional Chinese medicine like baicalin and wogonin, which reverse the immunosuppressive environment of tumors [48][50]. In addition to their active effects, natural products can be used as adjuvants and aids to conventional treatments, helping to boost antitumor capacity and reduce

• T cells, controllable size, and protection of the tumor environment [131]. They also help by reducing adverse effects, increasing antitumor response, as well as increasing solubility and precision in drug delivery [132][133]. Seeking a new pharmaceutical application for procyanidines (PCs) as APIs

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• stress, immune system activation, developmental and reproductive toxicity, and damage to the nervous system [8]. MPs possess high specific area and strong adsorption capacity, enabling them to attract pollutants from the environment. They can accumulate harmful substances such as polycyclic aromatic

• sources [18]. Figure 2 represents the different sources of MPs. The marine environment is considered as the primary sink of MPs. MPs that are generated on land are eventually transported by various modes, including surface runoff and streams, and find their way to ocean. In oceans, these particles with

• are later polymerised to produce various plastic materials. This results in the release of microplastic particles, which enter into wastewater treatment facilities through industrial effluents. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are the major contributors to microplastic pollution in the environment

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• failure locations can be introduced, which should have little or no effect on the overall mechanical properties in the regular product environment. A class of materials characterized by a high degree of flexibility and distribution of material properties, which enables locally adapted behavior and, thus